Unit1CulturalHeritageDiscoveringUsefulStructures定语从句讲义-高中英语人教版

一、定语从句:1.作用相当于一个形容词2.定语从句是名词的一种后置修饰语二、定语的种类：三、定语从句两要素：先行词和关系词1.先行词：被定语从句修饰的对象2.关系词：连接主句和从句，指代先行词，同时在定语从句中充当一定的成分的连词。例:Ilikepeoplewhohaveagoodsenseofhumor.我喜欢有幽默感的人。先行词关系词关系词的三个作用:（1）连接作用（2）指代作用（3）成分作用4.关系词的种类:关系词先行词在从句中的成分关系代词Who人主语、宾语Whom人宾语Which物主语、宾语that人或物主语、宾语和表语关系副词When时间状语Where地点状语Why原因状语关系限定词Whose人或物定语确定关系词的方法:（1）看从句是否缺主语、宾语看先行词词义选关系词例:(1)Thestoryhappenedonaday______theweatherwaswetandcold.(that)关系代词Thestoryhappenedonaday______waswetandcold.(when)关系代词主语关系代词【who(人)、which(物)、that(人、物)例:(1)Ilikeguyswho/thatarehumorousandrich.(2)Iprefermusicwhich/thatsoundsgreat.注：指人时，who比that更常用，指物时，that比which更常用。动词宾语关系代词【who指人，whom指人，which指物，that指人或物】注：关系代词在从句中充当宾语时，通常可以省去。例：I’dreallyliketofindapartnerwhoIcantrust.(whom/that/省略)介词宾语关系代词【who指人，whom指人，which指物，that指人或物】例：ThemanwhoItoldyouaboutissittingoverthere.Whom/that/省略tellsbaboutsb/sth告诉某人关于某人/某事介词前置ThemanaboutwhomItoldyouissittingoverthere.注：先行词是人，关系代词在从句中充当介词的宾语，且介词提前到关系代词之前，关系代词只能用whom,不能省去。例：IlovemusicwhichIcandanceto.That/省略介词前置：IlovemusictowhichIcandance.注意：定语从句从名词后的连词开始，到第二个谓语动词之前结束。练习：判断下列句子是否正确。例：1.Thepeoplewhichlivenexttomearefriendly.Themanwhichtoldmethenewsrefusedtogivemehisname.Doyouknowthepeoplewholivesinthathouse.用不同的方式改写下面句子。（1）That’sthepersontowhomItalked.（2）Ienjoyedthemusicthatwearelisteningto.4.定语关系限定词whose先行词是人或物，必须后接名词。例：Thisisthemanwhosesondiedinthataircrash(空难).TheteacherwhosecourseI’mtalkingisexcellent.注：whose前后的两个名词有所属关系，man可以有son,teacher可以有course.关系副词关系副词一、when在定语从句中充当时间状语。例：IwillforgetthedaywhenImetyou.When可以用“介词+which”结构替换。例：1.IwillneverforgetthedayonwhichImetyou.2:30PMisthetimewhenhisplanearrives.atwhich1919istheyearwhentherevolutiontookplace.inwhichwhy在定语从句中充当原因状语例：That’sprobablythemajorreasonwhyhesuddenlylefttheschool.forwhichWhere在定语从句中充当地点状语Where可以替换成“介词+which”介词由先行词决定。Thecitywherewespendoursummervacationwasbeautiful.inwhich例题：无所不在的where：It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituationwheretheycanseethemselvesdifferently.Theripefruitshouldbestoredinaplace______contain