东盟越境雾霾污染协定 ASEAN AGREEMENT ON TRANSBOUNDARY HAZE POLLUTION 2024

ASEANAGREEMENTONTRANSBOUNDARY

HAZEPOLLUTION

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ASEANAGREEMENTONTRANSBOUNDARYHAZEPOLLUTION

TheASEANSecretariat

Jakarta

TheAssociationofSoutheastAsianNations(ASEAN)wasestablishedon8August1967.TheMemberStatesareBruneiDarussalam,Cambodia,Indonesia,LaoPDR,Malaysia,Myanmar,Philippines,Singapore,ThailandandVietNam.TheASEANSecretariatisbasedinJakarta,Indonesia.

Forinquiries,contact:

TheASEANSecretariat

CommunityRelationsDivision(CRD)

70AJalanSisingamangaraja

Jakarta12110

Indonesia

Phone:(6221)724-3372,726-2991

Fax:(6221)739-8234,724-3504

E-mail:public@

Catalogue-in-PublicationData

ASEANAgreementonTransboundaryHazePollution

Jakarta,ASEANSecretariat,July2016

341.76252

1.ASEAN–Legal–Agreement

2.Environment–AirPollution–Haze

ISBN978-602-0980-98-0

ASEAN:ACommunityofOpportunities

Coverphoto:

Melaleucaforestsonpeatlandsustainsthelivelihoodsofvillagersandlocalcommunities.AnentryofthePeatlandASEANMediaAward2014.

Location:TraSuMelaleucaForestinAnGiangProvince,VietNam.

Photographer:DangTuanTrung.

Thetextofthispublicationmaybefreelyquotedorreprinted,providedproperacknowledgementisgivenandacopycontainingthereprintedmaterialissenttotheCommunityRelationsDivision(CRD)oftheASEANSecretariat,Jakarta.

GeneralinformationonASEANappearsonlineattheASEANWebsite:

CopyrightAssociationofSoutheastAsianNations(ASEAN)2016.

Allrightsreserved.

TABLEOfCONTENTS

PARTI.GENERALPROVISIONS3

PARTII.MONITORING,ASSESSMENT,PREVENTION7

ANDRESPONSE

PARTIII.TECHNICALCO-OPERATIONANDSCIENTIFIC13

RESEARCH

PARTIV.INSTITUTIONALARRANGEMENTS15

PARTV.PROCEDURES17

PARTVI.FINALCLAUSES20

ANNEX

TermsofReferenceoftheASEANCo-ordinatingCentrefor25

TransboundaryHazePollutionControl

1

ASEANAGREEMENTONTRANSBOUNDARYHAZEPOLLUTION

ThePartiestothisAgreement,

REAffIRMINGthecommitmenttotheaimsandpurposesoftheAssociationofSoutheastAsianNations(ASEAN)assetforthintheBangkokDeclarationof8August1967,inparticulartopromoteregionalco-operationinSoutheastAsiainthespiritofequalityandpartnershipandtherebycontributetowardspeace,progressandprosperityintheregion,

RECALLINGtheKualaLumpurAccordonEnvironmentandDevelopmentwhichwasadoptedbytheASEANMinistersofEnvironmenton19June1990whichcallsfor,interalia,effortsleadingtowardstheharmonisationoftransboundarypollutionpreventionandabatementpractices,

RECALLINGALSOtheadoptionofthe1995ASEANCo-operationPlanonTransboundaryPollution,whichspecificallyaddressedtransboundaryatmosphericpollutionandcalledfor,interalia,

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establishingproceduresandmechanismsforco-operationamongASEANMemberStatesinthepreventionandmitigationoflandand/orforestfiresandhaze,

DETERMINEDtogiveeffecttothe1997RegionalHazeActionPlanandtotheHanoiPlanofActionwhichcallforfullyimplementingthe1995ASEANCooperationPlanonTransboundaryPollution,withparticularemphasisontheRegionalHazeActionPlanbytheyear2001,

RECOGNISINGtheexistenceofpossibleadverseeffectsoftransboundaryhazepollution,

CONCERNEDthatariseinthelevelofemissionsofairpollutantswithintheregionasforecastmayincreasesuchadverseeffects,

RECOGNISINGtheneedtostudytherootcausesandtheimplicationsofthetransboundaryhazepollutionandtheneedtoseeksolutionsfortheproblemsidentified,

AffIRMINGtheirwillingnesstofurtherstrengtheninternationalco-operationtodevelopnationalpoliciesforpreventingandmonitoringtransboundaryhazepollution,

AffIRMINGALSOtheirwillingnesstoco-ordinatenationalactionforpreventingandmonitoringtransboundaryhazepollutionthroughexchangeofinformation,consultation,researchandmonitoring,

DESIRINGtoundertakeindividualandjointactiontoassesstheorigin,causes,natureandextentoflandand/orforestfiresandtheresultinghaze,topreventandcontrolthesourcesofsuchlandand/orforestfiresandtheresultinghazebyapplyingenvironmentallysoundpolicies,practicesandtechnologiesandtostrengthennationalandregionalcapabilitiesandco-operationinassessment,prevention,mitigationandmanagementoflandand/orforestfiresandtheresultinghaze,

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CONVINCEDthatanessentialmeanstoachievesuchcollectiveactionistheconclusionandeffectiveimplementationofanAgreement,

Haveagreedasfollows:

PARTI.GENERALPROVISIONS

Article1

UseofTerms

ForthepurposesofthisAgreement:

1.“AssistingParty”meansaState,internationalorganisation,anyotherentityorpersonthatofferand/orrenderassistancetoaRequestingPartyoraReceivingPartyintheeventoflandand/orforestfiresorhazepollution.

2.“Competentauthorities”meansoneormoreentitiesdesignatedandauthorisedbyeachPartytoactonitsbehalfintheimplementationofthisAgreement.

3.“Controlledburning”meansanyfire,combustionorsmoulderingthatoccursintheopenair,whichiscontrolledbynationallaws,rules,regulationsorguidelinesanddoesnotcausefireoutbreaksandtransboundaryhazepollution.

4.“Fireproneareas”meansareasdefinedbythenationalauthoritiesasareaswherefiresaremostlikelytooccurorhaveahighertendencytooccur.

5.“Focalpoint”meansanentitydesignatedandauthorisedbyeachPartytoreceiveandtransmitcommunicationsanddatapursuanttotheprovisionsofthisAgreement.

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6.“Hazepollution”meanssmokeresultingfromlandand/orforestfirewhichcausesdeleteriouseffectsofsuchanatureastoendangerhumanhealth,harmlivingresourcesandecosystemsandmaterialpropertyandimpairorinterferewithamenitiesandotherlegitimateusesoftheenvironment.

7.“Landand/orforestfires”meansfiressuchascoalseamfires,peatfires,andplantationfires.

8.“MemberState”meansaMemberStateoftheAssociationofSoutheastAsianNations.

9.“Openburning”meansanyfire,combustionorsmoulderingthatoccursintheopenair.

10.“Party”meansaMemberStateofASEANthathasconsentedtobeboundbythisAgreementandforwhichtheAgreementisinforce.

11.“ReceivingParty”meansaPartythatacceptsassistanceofferedbyanAssistingPartyorPartiesintheeventoflandand/orforestfiresorhazepollution.

12.“RequestingParty”meansaPartythatrequestsfromanotherPartyorPartiesassistanceintheeventoflandand/orforestfiresorhazepollution.

13.“Transboundaryhazepollution”physicaloriginissituatedwhollyorinpartwithintheareaunderthenationaljurisdictionofoneMemberStateandwhichistransportedintotheareaunderthejurisdictionofanotherMemberState.

14.“Zeroburningpolicy”meansapolicythatprohibitsopen

burningbutmayallowsomeformsofcontrolledburning.

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Article2

Objective

TheobjectiveofthisAgreementistopreventandmonitortransboundaryhazepollutionasaresultoflandand/orforestfireswhichshouldbemitigated,throughconcertednationaleffortsandintensifiedregionalandinternationalco-operation.ThisshouldbepursuedintheoverallcontextofsustainabledevelopmentandinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthisAgreement.

Article3

Principles

ThePartiesshallbeguidedbythefollowingprinciplesintheimplementationofthisAgreement:

1.ThePartieshave,inaccordancewiththeCharteroftheUnitedNationsandtheprinciplesofinternationallaw,thesovereignrighttoexploittheirownresourcespursuanttotheirownenvironmentalanddevelopmentalpolicies,andtheresponsibilitytoensurethatactivitieswithintheirjurisdictionorcontroldonotcausedamagetotheenvironmentandharmtohumanhealthofotherStatesorofareasbeyondthelimitsofnationaljurisdiction.

2.ThePartiesshall,inthespiritofsolidarityandpartnershipandinaccordancewiththeirrespectiveneeds,capabilitiesandsituations,strengthenco-operationandco-ordinationtopreventandmonitortransboundaryhazepollutionasaresultoflandand/orforestfireswhichshouldbemitigated.

3.ThePartiesshouldtakeprecautionarymeasurestoanticipate,preventandmonitortranboundaryhazepollutionasaresultoflandand/orforestfireswhichshouldbemitigated,tominimiseitsdamagefromtransboundaryhazepollution,evenwithoutfullscientificcertainty,precautionarymeasuresshallbetakenbyPartiesconcerned.

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4.ThePartiesshouldmanageandusetheirnaturalresources,includingforestandlandresources,inanecologicallysoundandsustainablemanner.

5.TheParties,inaddressingtransboundaryhazepollution,shouldinvolve,asappropriate,allstakeholders,includinglocalcommunities,non-governmentalorganisations,farmersandprivateenterprises.

Article4

GeneralObligations

InpursuingtheobjectiveofthisAgreement,thePartiesshall:

1.Co-operateindevelopingandimplementingmeasurestopreventandmonitortransboundaryhazepollutionasaresultoflandand/orforestfireswhichshouldbemitigated,andtocontrolsourcesoffires,includingbytheidentificationoffires,developmentofmonitoring,assessmentandearlywarningsystems,exchangeofinformationandtechnology,andtheprovisionofmutualassistance.

2.Whenthetransboundaryhazepollutionoriginatesfromwithintheirterritories,respondpromptlytoarequestforrelevantinformationorconsultationssoughtbyaStateorStatesthatareormaybeaffectedbysuchtransboundaryhazepollution,withaviewtominimisingtheconsequencesofthetransboundaryhazepollution.

3.Takelegislative,administrativeand/orothermeasurestoimplementtheirobligationsunderthisAgreement.

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PARTII.MONITORING,ASSESSMENT,PREVENTIONANDRESPONSE

Article5

ASEANCo-ordinatingCentreforTransboundaryHaze

PollutionControl

1.TheASEANCo-ordinatingCentreforTransboundaryHazePollutionControl,hereinafterreferredtoas“theASEANCentre”,isherebyestablishedforthepurposesoffacilitatingco-operationandco-ordinationamongthePartiesinmanagingtheimpactoflandand/orforestfiresinparticularhazepollutionarisingfromsuchfires.

2.TheASEANCentreshallworkonthebasisthatthenationalauthoritywillactfirsttoputoutthefires.Whenthenationalauthoritydeclaresanemergencysituation,itmaymakearequesttotheASEANCentretoprovideassistance.

3.ACommitteecomposedofrepresentativesofthenationalauthoritiesofthePartiesshalloverseetheoperationoftheASEANCentre.

4.TheASEANCentreshallcarryoutthefunctionsassetoutinAnnexandanyotherfunctionsasdirectedbytheConferenceoftheParties.

Article6

CompetentAuthoritiesandfocalPoints

1.EachPartyshalldesignateoneormoreCompetentAuthoritiesandaFocalPointthatshallbeauthorisedtoactonitsbehalfintheperformanceoftheadministrativefunctionsrequiredbythisAgreement.

2.EachPartyshallinformotherPartiesandtheASEANCentre,ofitsCompetentAuthoritiesandFocalPoint,andof

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anysubsequentchangesintheirdesignations.Partiesandrelevantinternationalorganisationstheinformationreferredtoinparagraph2above.

Article7

Monitoring

1.EachPartyshalltakeappropriatemeasurestomonitor:

a.allfireproneareas,

b.alllandand/orforestfires,

c.theenvironmentalconditionsconducivetosuchland

and/orforestfires,and

d.hazepollutionarisingfromsuchlandand/orforestfires.

2.EachPartyshalldesignateoneormorebodiestofunctionasNationalMonitoringCentres,toundertakemonitoringreferredtoinparagraph1aboveinaccordancewiththeirrespectivenationalprocedures.

3.TheParties,intheeventthattherearefires,shallinitiateimmediateactiontocontrolortoputoutthefires.

Article8

Assessment

1.EachPartyshallensurethatitsNationalMonitoringCentre,atagreedregularintervals,communicatestotheASEANCentre,directlyorthroughitsFocalPoint,dataobtainedrelatingtofireproneareas,landand/orforestfires,theenvironmentalconditionsconducivetosuchlandand/orforestfires,andhazepollutionarisingfromsuchlandand/orforestfires.

2.TheASEANCentreshallreceive,consolidateandanalysethedatacommunicatedbytherespectiveNationalMonitoringCentresorFocalPoints.

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3.Onthebasisofanalysisofthedatareceived,theASEANCentreshall,wherepossible,providetoeachParty,throughitsFocalPoint,anassessmentofriskstohumanhealthortheenvironmenttransboundaryhazepollution.

Article9

Prevention

EachPartyshallundertakemeasurestopreventandcontrolactivitiesrelatedtolandand/orforestfiresthatmayleadtotransboundaryhazepollution,whichinclude:

a.Developingandimplementinglegislativeandotherregulatorymeasures,aswellasprogrammesandstrategiestopromotezeroburningpolicytodealwithlandand/orforestfiresresultingintransboundaryhazepollution;

b.Developingotherappropriatepoliciestocurbactivitiesthatmayleadtolandand/orforestfires;

c.Identifyingandmonitoringareaspronetooccurrenceoflandand/orforestfires;

d.Strengtheninglocalfiremanagementandfirefightingcapabilityandco-ordinationtopreventtheoccurrenceoflandand/orforestfires;

e.Promotingpubliceducationandawareness-buildingcampaignsandstrengtheningcommunityparticipationinfiremanagementtopreventlandand/orforestfiresandhazepollutionarisingfromsuchfires;

f.Promotingandutilisingindigenousknowledgeandpracticesinfirepreventionandmanagement;and

g.Ensuringthatlegislative,administrativeand/orotherrelevantmeasuresaretakentocontrolopenburningandtopreventlandclearingusingfire.

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Article10

Preparedness

1.ThePartiesshall,jointlyorindividually,developstrategiesandresponseplanstoidentify,manageandcontrolriskstohumanhealthandtheenvironmentarisingfromlandand/orforestfiresandrelatedhazepollutionarisingfromsuchfires.

2.ThePartiesshall,asappropriate,preparestandardoperatingproceduresforregionalco-operationandnationalactionrequiredunderthisAgreement.

Article11

NationalEmergencyResponse

1.EachPartyshallensurethatappropriatelegislative,administrativeandfinancialmeasuresaretakentomobiliseequipment,materials,humanandfinancialresourcesrequiredtorespondtoandmitigatetheimpactoflandand/orforestfiresandhazepollutionarisingfromsuchfires.

2.EachPartyshallforthwithinformotherPartiesandtheASEANCentreofsuchmeasures.

Article12

JointEmergencyResponsethroughtheProvisionof

Assistance

1.IfaPartyneedsassistanceintheeventoflandand/orforestfiresorhazepollutionarisingfromsuchfireswithinitsterritory,itmayrequestsuchassistancefromanyotherParty,directlyorthroughtheASEANCentre,or,whereappropriate,fromotherStatesorinternationalorganisations.

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2.AssistancecanonlybeemployedattherequestofandwiththeconsentoftherequestingParty,or,whenofferedbyanotherPartyorParties,withtheconsentofthereceivingParty.

3.EachPartytowhicharequestforassistanceisdirectedshallpromptlydecideandnotifytherequestingParty,directlyorthroughtheASEANCentre,whetheritisinapositiontorendertheassistancerequested,andofthescopeandtermsofsuchassistance.

4.EachPartytowhichanofferofassistanceisdirectedshallpromptlydecideandnotifytheassistingParty,directlyorthroughtheASEANCentre,whetheritisinapositiontoaccepttheassistanceoffered,andofthescopeandtermsofsuchassistance.

5.TherequestingPartyshallspecifythescopeandtypeofassistancerequiredand,wherepracticable,providetheassistingPartywithsuchinformationasmaybenecessaryforthatPartytodeterminetheextenttowhichitisabletomeettherequest.IntheeventthatitisnotpracticablefortherequestingPartytospecifythescopeandtypeofassistancerequired,therequestingPartyandassistingPartyshall,inconsultation,jointlyassessanddecideuponthescopeandtypeofassistancerequired.

6.ThePartiesshall,withinthelimitsoftheircapabilities,identifyandnotifytheASEANCentreofexperts,equipmentandmaterialswhichcouldbemadeavailablefortheprovisionofassistancetootherPartiesintheeventoflandand/orforestfiresorhazepollutionresultingfromsuchfiresaswellastheterms,especiallyfinancial,underwhichsuchassistancecouldbeprovided.

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Article13

DirectionandControlofAssistance

Unlessotherwiseagreed:

1.TherequestingorreceivingPartyshallexercisetheoveralldirection,control,co-ordinationandsupervisionoftheassistancewithinitsterritory.TheassistingPartyshould,wheretheassistanceinvolvespersonnel,designateinconsultationwiththerequestingorreceivingParty,thepersonorentitywhoshouldbeinchargeofandretainimmediateoperationalsupervisionoverthepersonnelandtheequipmentprovidedbyit.Thedesignatedpersonorentityshouldexercisesuchsupervisioninco-operationwiththeappropriateauthoritiesoftherequestingorreceivingParty.

2.TherequestingorreceivingPartyshallprovide,totheextentpossible,localfacilitiesandservicesfortheproperandeffectiveadministrationoftheassistance.Itshallalsoensuretheprotectionofpersonnel,equipmentandmaterialsbroughtintoitsterritorybyoronbehalfoftheassistingPartyforsuchpurposes.

3.APartyprovidingorreceivingassistanceinresponsetoarequestreferredtoinparagraph(1)aboveshallco-ordinatethatassistancewithinitsterritory.

Article14

ExemptionsandfacilitiesinRespectoftheProvisionof

Assistance

1.TherequestingorreceivingPartyshallaccordtopersonneloftheassistingPartyandpersonnelactingonitsbehalf,thenecessaryexemptionsandfacilitiesfortheperformanceoftheirfunctions.

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2.TherequestingorreceivingPartyshallaccordtheassistingPartyexemptionsfromtaxation,dutiesorotherchargesontheequipmentandmaterialsbroughtintotheterritoryoftherequestingorreceivingPartyforthepurposeoftheassistance.

3.TherequestingorreceivingPartyshallfacilitatetheentryinto,stayinanddeparturefromitsterritoryofpersonnelandofequipmentandmaterialsinvolvedorusedintheassistance.

Article15

TransitofPersonnel,EquipmentandMaterialsinRespectof

theProvisionofAssistance

EachPartyshall,attherequestofthePartyconcerned,seektofacilitatethetransitthroughitsterritoryofdulynotifiedpersonnel,equipmentandmaterialsinvolvedorusedintheassistancetotherequestingorreceivingParty.

PARTIII.TECHNICALCO-OPERATIONANDSCIENTIfIC

RESEARCH

Article16

TechnicalCo-operation

1.Inordertoincreasethepreparednessforandtomitigatetheriskstohumanhealthandtheenvironmentarisingfromlandand/orforestfiresorhazepollutionarisingfromsuchfires,thePartiesshallundertaketechnicalco-operationinthisfield,includingthefollowing:

a.FacilitatemobilisationofappropriateresourceswithinandoutsidetheParties;

b.Promotethestandardisationofthereportingformatofdataandinformation;

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c.Promotetheexchangeofrelevantinformation,expertise,technology,techniquesandknow-how;

d.Provideormakearrangementsforrelevanttraining,educationandawareness-raisingcampaigns,inparticularrelatingtothepromotionofzero-burningpracticesandtheimpactofhazepollutiononhumanhealthandtheenvironment;

e.Developorestablishtechniquesoncontrolledburningparticularlyforshiftingcultivatorsandsmallfarmers,andtoexchangeandshareexperiencesoncontrolled-burningpractices;

f.FacilitateexchangeofexperienceandrelevantinformationamongenforcementauthoritiesoftheParties;

g.Promotethedevelopmentofmarketsfortheutilisationofbiomassandappropriatemethodsfordisposalofagriculturalwastes;

h.Developtrainingprogrammesforfirefightersandtrainerstobetrainedatlocal,nationalandregionallevels;and

i.StrengthenandenhancethetechnicalcapacityofthePartiestoimplementthisAgreement.

2.TheASEANCentreshallfacilitateactivitiesfortechnicalco-operationasidentifiedinparagraph1above.

Article17

ScientificResearch

ThePartiesshallindividuallyorjointly,includinginco-operationwithappropriateinternationalorganisations,promoteand,wheneverpossible,supportscientificandtechnicalresearchprogrammesrelatedtotherootcausesandconsequencesoftransboundaryhazepollutionandthemeans,methods,techniques

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andequipmentforlandand/orforestfiremanagement,includingfirefighting.

PARTIV.INSTITUTIONALARRANGEMENTS

Article18

ConferenceoftheParties

1.AConferenceofthePartiesisherebyestablished.ThefirstmeetingoftheConferenceofthePartiesshallbeconvenedbytheSecretariatnotlaterthanoneyearaftertheentryintoforceofthisAgreement.Thereafter,ordinarymeetingsoftheConferenceofthePartiesshallbeheldatleastonceeveryyear,inasfaraspossibleinconjunctionwithappropriatemeetingsofASEAN.

2.ExtraordinarymeetingsshallbeheldatanyothertimeupontherequestofonePartyprovidedthatsuchrequestissupportedbyatleastoneotherParty.

3.TheConferenceofthePartiesshallkeepundercontinuousreviewandevaluationtheimplementationofthisAgreementandtothisendshall:

a.TakesuchactionasisnecessarytoensuretheeffectiveimplementationofthisAgreement;

b.ConsiderreportsandotherinformationwhichmaybesubmittedbyaPartydirectlyorthroughtheSecretariat;

c.ConsiderandadoptprotocolsinaccordancewiththeArticle21ofthisAgreement;

d.ConsiderandadoptanyamendmenttothisAgreement;

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e.Adopt,reviewandamendasrequiredanyAnnexestothisAgreement;

f.EstablishsubsidiarybodiesasmayberequiredfortheimplementationofthisAgreement;and

g.ConsiderandundertakeanyadditionalactionthatmayberequiredfortheachievementoftheobjectiveofthisAgreement.

Article19

Secretariat

1.ASecretariatisherebyestablished.

2.ThefunctionsoftheSecretariatshallinclude:

a.ArrangeforandservicemeetingsoftheConferenceofthePartiesandofotherbodiesestablishedbythisAgreement;

b.TransmittothePartiesnotifications,reportsandotherinformationreceivedinaccordancewiththisAgreement;

c.Considerinquiriesby,andinformationfrom,theParties,andtoconsultwiththemonquestionsrelatingtothisAgreement;

d.Ensurethenecessaryco-ordinationwithotherrelevantinternationalbodiesandinparticulartoenterintoadministrativearrangementsasmayberequiredfortheeffectivedischargeoftheSecretariatfunctions;and

e.PerformsuchotherfunctionsasmaybeassignedtoitbytheParties.

3.TheASEANSecretariatshallserveastheSecretariattothisAgreement.

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Article20

financialArrangements

1.AFundisherebyestablishedfortheimplementationofthisAgreement.

2.ItshallbeknownastheASEANTransboundaryHazePollutionControlFund.

3.TheFundshallbeadministeredbytheASEANSecretariatundertheguidanceoftheConferenceoftheParties.

4.ThePartiesshall,inaccordancewiththedecisionsoftheConferenceoftheParties,makevoluntarycontributionstotheFund.

5.TheFundshallbeopentocontributionsfromothersourcessubjecttotheagreementoforapprovalbytheParties.

6.ThePartiesmay,wherenecessary,mobiliseadditionalresourcesrequiredfortheimplementationofthisAgreementfromrelevantinternationalorganisations,inparticularregionalfinancialinstitutionsandtheinternationaldonorcommunity.

PARTV.PROCEDURES

Article21

Protocols

1.ThePartiesshallco-operateintheformulationandadoptionofprotocolstothisAgreement,prescribingagreedmeasures,proceduresandstandardsfortheimplementationofthisAgreement.

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2.TheConferenceofthePartiesmay,atordinarymeetings,adoptprotocolstothisAgreementbyconsensusofallParties.

3.ThetextofanyproposedprotocolshallbecommunicatedtothePartiesbytheSecretariatatleastsixmonthsbeforesuchasession.

4.Therequirementsfortheentryintoforceofanyprotocolshallbeestablishedbythatinstrument.

Article22

AmendmentstotheAgreement

1.AnyPartymayproposeamendmentstotheAgreement.

2.ThetextofanyproposedamendmentshallbecommunicatedtothePartiesbytheSecretariatatleastsixmonthsbeforetheConferenceofthePartiesatwhichitisproposedforadoption.TheSecretariatshallalsocommunicateproposedamendmentstothesignatoriestotheAgreement.

3.AmendmentsshallbeadoptedbyconsensusatanordinarymeetingoftheConferenceoftheParties.

4.AmendmentstothisAgreementshallbesubjecttoacceptance.TheDepositaryshallcirculatetheadoptedamendmenttoallPartiesfortheiracceptance.Theamendmentshallenterinto

forceonthethirtiethdayafterthedepositwiththe

DepositaryoftheinstrumentsofacceptanceofallParties.

5.AftertheentryintoforceofanamendmenttothisAgreementanynewPartytothisAgreementshallbecomeaPartytothisAgreementasamended.

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Article23

AdoptionandAmendmentofAnnexes

1.AnnexestothisAgreementshallformaninteg