UNIT2MORALSANDVIRTUES核心要点突破-高中英语核心要点突破和检测（人教版2019）

UNIT2MORALSANDVIRTUES核心要点突破（含答案）1.respondvt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；回应→responsen.回答；答复；反应【高考链接】EverytimeIaskedhimforadvice，hewouldrespondto/makearesponsetomeimmediately.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)每当我向他寻求建议时，他总是立即给我回复。【当堂检测】单句语法填空/补全句子①Knowingbasicfirstaidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquickly________emergencies.②________________，Ihavemadesomechangesinmywayoflife，whichrangefromtransportationtowatersaving.为了响应号召，我在生活方式上做出了一些改变，从交通到节水。【用法小结】respondto对……做出回应或反应；答复inresponseto对……的答复；对……做出反应makea/noresponseto对……做出回应/不予回答2.appointvt.任命；委派→appointedadj.约定的；指定的→appointmentn.约会；约定，预约；委任【高考链接】Learningthathewasappointedasheadoftheteam，hecouldn’tcontainhisexcitementanddancedintothehouse.(动作和心理描写)得知他被任命为队长后，他激动得雀跃着进了家门。【当堂检测】单句语法填空/一句多译①I________(appoint)totakechargeofarrangingalltheactivitiesonthatday.②非常遗憾，这个周末我不能守约和你出去了。(道歉信，2021·北京卷)→It’sagreatpitythatI________________togooutwithyouthisweekend.→It’sagreatpitythatI________________togooutwithyouthisweekend.【用法小结】appointsbas/tobe...任命某人为……appointsbtodosth委派某人做某事make/haveanappointment(withsb)(与某人)约会/预约keep/breakanappointment守约/违约3.scarevt.惊吓；使害怕vi.受惊吓→scaredadj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scaryadj.吓人的；恐怖的【高考链接】Anyway，Adamwasonlyaboyofsevenandwhathadhappenedreallyscaredhim.不管怎样，亚当只是一个七岁的男孩，发生的事情真的让他很害怕。【当堂检测】单句语法填空/补全句子①“Iwasso________(scare)thatIhurriedhomeinpanicwithouttellinghim，”Adamsaid，fullofguilt.(心理描写)②Afterwatchinga________(scare)filminthecinema，shewasscared________walkinghomealoneandtherefore，shecalledataxi.③Ibowedmyheadtimidlyand________________________________.(心理描写)我胆怯地低着头，不敢看爸爸那张阴云密布的脸。【用法小结】(1)bescaredtodosth害怕/不敢做某事bescaredofsb/sth害怕某人/某事bescaredtodeath吓得要死(2)scaresbintodoingsth恐吓某人做某事4.replacevt.接替；取代；更换；放回原处【高考链接】Ireplacedhimastheleadingroleintheschooldrama，whichcameasabigshocktotheclass.我代替他成为学校戏剧中的主角，这让全班同学大为震惊。【当堂检测】单句语法填空/一句多译①AsfarasI’mconcerned，itisnotagoodideatomissmealsandreplacethem________snacks.②喜欢并向其他文化学习是好的，但它们永远无法取代你自己的文化。→It’sgoodtoenjoyotherculturesandlearnfromthem，buttheycannever________________.→It’sgoodtoenjoyotherculturesandlearnfromthem，buttheycannever________________.【用法小结】replace...with/by...用……替换……replace...as...取代……而成为……taketheplaceofsb＝takesb’splace代替某人inplaceof代替5.assistvt.帮助；协助；援助→assistantn.助手；助理→assistancen.帮助；协助【高考链接】I’mwonderingifyoucouldassistmeinchoosing/tochoosethesuitabletopicsfortheclassmeeting.我想知道你是否能帮助我选择合适的班会主题。(求助信，2021·全国甲卷)【当堂检测】单句语法填空/补全句子①Havingagreatdealofteachingexperienceataprimaryschool，IdobelievethatIamqualifiedtobeyourteaching________(assist).(申请信)②Whenthetwinswereworriedthattheycouldn’tsucceedinmakingadeliciousMother’sDaybreakfast，theirfather________________.________________________________，thetwinsmadeit，andtheirfacesalsolitupwithasmile.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)正当这对双胞胎担心做不出一顿美味的母亲节早餐的时候，爸爸来帮他们了。在他们爸爸的帮助下，这对双胞胎成功了，他们的脸上也洋溢着笑容。【用法小结】assistsbtodo/indoingsth帮助某人做某事assistsbwith/insth在某方面帮助某人e/gotoone’sassistance来/去援助某人withtheassistanceof...在……的帮助下6.tearn.眼泪；泪水vt.(tore，torn)撕破【高考链接】Whenwetearonepagefromthecalendar，itmeansourlifehasbeenshortenedbyoneday.每当我们从日历上撕下一页，就意味着我们的生命又少了一天。【当堂检测】补全句子①Withalltheangeranddisappointmentexplodinginmyheart，I________________.(情感描写)我满腔的愤怒和失望，终于哭了起来。②Iwasheartbrokentosee________________________.(心理描写)看到简泪流满面，我很伤心。③Hearingtheirplan，Bernardjumpedforjoy，________________________.(情感描写，2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)听到他们的计划，伯纳德高兴得跳了起来，幸福和感激的泪水涌上双眼。【用法小结】intears流着泪；含着泪burstintotears突然大哭起来fight/holdbacktears强忍住泪水tearsthapart撕碎某物tearsthdown推倒；拆毁(建筑物)tearsthup把(纸/布)撕碎7.harmn.&vt.伤害；损害→harmfuladj.有害的→harmlessadj.无害的；不致伤害的【高考链接】Icuppedmyhandoverthephone，whisperingthatImeantnoharm.(动作描写)我用手捂住，低声告诉她我没有恶意。【当堂检测】补全句子/一句多译①Suddenly，anideaflashedintohermind.Perhaps________________shemovedthemarkGrandmotherhadputinthestocking.突然，她的脑海里闪出了一个想法。如果她移动了祖母放在长筒袜上的标记，也许不会有什么坏处。②有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度，这对他们的健康非常有害。(倡议书)→Someboysareaddictedtoplayinggames，________________.(定语从句；harmful)→Someboysareaddictedtoplayinggames，________________.(分词短语作状语，harm)【用法小结】harmone’shealth/image/reputation损害某人的健康/形象/名誉·do/causeharmtosb＝do/causesbharm对某人造成损害/伤害Thereisnoharmindoingsth做某事没有害处meannoharm无恶意beharmfulto...对……有害8.inmemoryof作为对……的纪念【高考链接】Weheldaseriesofactivitiesinmemoryofthedoctorswhogavetheirlivestothecountry.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)我们举办了一系列的活动来纪念为了国家而献出生命的医生。【当堂检测】补全句子①AschairmanoftheStudents’Union，Iwasappointed________________alltheactivitiesduringyourstayinTianjin.作为学生会主席，我被委派负责你在天津逗留期间的所有活动。②HehasmadeuphismindtogotoShanghai________________.他已经下定决心要去上海寻找一种更好的生活。③________________________，youcandraworwriteanythingrelatedtotheWinterOlympics.就比赛内容而言，你可以画或写任何与冬奥会有关的东西。【用法小结】inhonourof为了向……表示敬意，纪念……inneedof需要inchargeof负责，管理insearchof寻找infavourof赞同，支持intermsof就……而言9.句型公式：“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级【教材原句】Toapersonnothingismorepreciousthantheirlife...对一个人来说，没有什么比他们的生命更加珍贵了，……【高考链接】“Ihaveneverhadamoredeliciousbreakfastthanthisone！”themotherrespondedexcitedly.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)“我从来没吃过比这更美味的早餐了！”妈妈激动地回答道。【当堂检测】单句语法填空/补全句子①Hardthoughitis，thereisnothing________valuableasthesenseofachievementyougetfromchallengingyourself.(读后续写之主旨升华)②________________________________readingthosemasterpiecescreatedbygreatfigures.没有什么比阅读那些伟大人物的杰作更能带来快乐和幸福的了。【用法小结】(1)“否定词＋比较级”结构中常用的否定词有no，not，never，nothing，nobody等。(2)含否定词，表最高级意义的其他表达：·否定词＋so/as＋形容词/副词原级＋as·否定词＋形容词/副词比较级＋than·have/hadnever/not＋v.ed＋such＋形容词原级＋名词。10.句式解读：“见证”的拟人用法【教材原句】ThenewPeople’sRepublicofChinasawDrLinQiaozhiplayingakeyrole.新中国成立后，林巧稚医生发挥了关键的作用。【高考链接】Thenextmomentsawthemother’ssurpriseandhappinesswhenshetastedthebreakfastpreparedforherbythetwins.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)紧接着，当母亲品尝到双胞胎为她准备的早餐时，她又惊又喜。【当堂检测】补全句子①What’smore，videosaboutthethreeyears’life，which________________________，wereplayed.(2020·天津7月卷)此外，还播放了关于这三年生活的视频，它们见证了我们成长的整个过程。②Unfortunately，asoureconomyadvances，recentyears________________________.(2022·全国甲卷)不幸的是，随着我们经济的发展，近年来目睹了海洋被污染了。【用法小结】see意为“见证，目睹，经历”时，常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历”了某事。find，witness，say，experience等词在句中作谓语，用物作主语时，表示一种拟人的手法，以增添语言色彩。参考答案1.congratulatevt.向(某人)道贺；(因某事)为自己感到自豪→congratulationn.祝贺；恭喜；(pl.)贺辞【当堂检测】单句语法填空/一句多译①Iamwritingaletterofcongratulation(congratulate)toyouonyourbeingelectedaschairmanoftheStudentAssociation.(祝贺信)②我想衷心地祝贺你在英语演讲比赛中获得第一名。(祝贺信)→I’dliketooffer/express/sendmysincerecongratulationstoyouonyourwinningfirstplaceintheEnglishSpeechpetition.(congratulation)→I’dliketocongratulateyousincerelyonyourwinningfirstplaceintheEnglishSpeechpetition.(congratulate)2.rangen.一系列；范围、界限vi.包括；(在一定范围内)变化【当堂检测】单句语法填空/一句多译①ThetemperatureinKunmingusuallyrangesbetween15℃and25℃.Thatiswhyitiscalled“theSpringCity”.②随着这个体育场的落成，各种体育赛事得以举行，包括从乒乓球、足球到赛跑不等。→Withthestadiumsetup，awide/fullrangeofsportseventsareabletobeheld，whichrangefrompingpong，footballtorunningpetitions.(定语从句)→Withthestadiumsetup，avarietyofsportseventsareabletobeheld，rangingfrompingpong，footballtorunningpetitions.(分词短语作状语)3.figuren.人物；数字；身材vt.认为；认定【当堂检测】猜测词义/补全句子①Allofusstudentsfigurethatthefruitpickingactivityisagreatsuccess.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)vt.认为②AsformyfavoritefigureinChinesehistory，itmustbeWeiYuan，agreatthinkerinthelateQingDynasty.n.人物③Manypeoplegocrazytryingtofigureouthowtospendtimewithfriends，family，work，play，etc.(2022·浙江1月卷)弄清楚④只有通过均衡饮食，定期锻炼，你才能既保持体形又保持健康。(建议信)Onlybymeansofbalanceddietsandregularexercisecanyoukeepyourfigureaswellasstayhealthy.(倒装句)4.gratefuladj.感激的；表示感谢的→gratituden.感激之情；感谢【当堂检测】单句语法填空/补全句子①Ihopethatyouwilldomeagreatservice，andIwouldbeverygratefultoyoufortheinformationyouwouldgiveme.②Toexpressoursinceregratitude(grateful)toyou，wehavecarefullychosenapresentforyou—BingDwenDwen.③Iamwritingtoexpress/conveymyheartfeltgratitudeforwhatyouhavedoneforme.(感谢信)我写信是为了表达我对你为我所做的一切的衷心感谢。5.significantadj.有重大意义的；显著的；重要的→significancen.重要性；重要意义【当堂检测】一句多译/补全句子①Iattachgreatsignificancetoworkingoutatschool，sowestudentsmusthavePEclassactivelyandpunctually.(学校生活)我认为在学校锻炼身体很重要，因此我们学生必须积极准时地上体育课。②设立世界海洋日是为了让人们意识到保护海洋是很重要的。(2022·全国甲卷)→WorldOceansDaywassetuptomakepeopleawarethatprotectingtheoceansisofgreatsignificance/importance.→WorldOceansDaywassetuptomakepeopleawarethatprotectingtheoceansisverysignificant/important.6.reflectvt.显示；反映；反射→reflectionn.思考；映射；反射；倒影【当堂检测】单句语法填空/补全句子①Theyoungmanlayonthegrassquietly，reflecting(reflect)onwhathadhappenedthatday.②Shewasextremelypretty，andherhousewasareflection(reflect)ofherself，everythingingoodtasteandinperfectorder.(2021·浙江6月卷)③听到我的话，他低下了头，陷入沉思中。(动作描写)Atmywords，hehunghishead，lostindeepreflection.7.representvt.象征；代表；相当于；描述→representativen.代表adj.典型的；有代表性的【当堂检测】单句语法填空/一句多译①Theyrepresentedtheirconcernforthesafetyofthesechildrentotheauthorities.②Asoneofthemostrepresentative(represent)Chinesefestivals，theMidAutumnFestivalhasbeenenjoyinggreatpopularity.③我非常高兴代表我们学校告诉你们有关即将到来的排球比赛的一些事宜。→Representingourschool，I’mmorethangladtotellyousomethingabouttheingvolleyballgame.(represent)→Onbehalfofourschool，I’mmorethangladtotellyousomethingabouttheingvolleyballgame.(behalf)8.respectvt.尊敬；尊重n.尊敬；尊重；方面→respectableadj.值得尊敬的；体面的→respectfuladj.恭敬的；表示敬意的【当堂检测】单句语法填空/补全句子①Shehasbeendevotedtoherwork，forwhichIrespectheralot.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)②Theeventisintendedtoraiseourawarenessoflabourandremindusofhowvaluableandrespectable(respect)hardworkis.③Inmanyrespectsofourlife，therearealwaysrespectablepeople.Withrespectto/InrespectofthepersonIrespectmost，Ihavetomentionmymathsteacher.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)在我们生活的许多方面，总有值得尊敬的人。关于我最尊敬的人，我不得不提到我的数学老师。9.setoff出发；动身；启程；燃放(烟花)；引起；激起【当堂检测】单句语法填空/一句多译①At7amlastSundaywesetoff/outforthefarmmerrilylikecagedbirdsnewlysetfree.②Youhadbettersetasidesometimeeverydayforsportssothatyoucankeepyourselfenergetic.③他们着手打扫厨房，而他们的父亲帮忙做早餐。(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)→Theysetaboutcleaningupthekitchenwhiletheirfatherhelpedmakethebreakfast.→Theysetouttocleanupthekitchenwhiletheirfatherhelpedmakethebreakfast.10.句型公式：分词短语作状语【当堂检测】单句语法填空/补全句子①Wecollectedallthemoneyandpapersatonce，putting(put)theminthedrawer.②Hearing(hear)this，Karenworeashiningsmileonherface.③Hearingwhattheheadmastersaid，Iwaswildwithjoy，myeyesglitteringwithexcitement.(心理描写)当听到校长所说的话，我欣喜若狂，双眼兴奋地闪闪发光。参考答案1.respondvt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；回应→responsen.回答；答复；反应【当堂检测】单句语法填空/补全句子①Knowingbasicfirstaidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.②Inresponsetotheappeal，Ihavemadesomechangesinmywayoflife，whichrangefromtransportationtowatersaving.为了响应号召，我在生活方式上做出了一些改变，从交通到节水。2.appointvt.任命；委派→appointedadj.约定的；指定的→appointmentn.约会；约定，预约；委任【当堂检测】单句语法填空/一句多译①Iwasappointed(appoint)totakechargeofarrangingalltheactivitiesonthatday.②非常遗憾，这个周末我不能守约和你出去了。(道歉信，2021·北京卷)→It’sagreatpitythatIcan’tkeeptheappointmenttogooutwithyouthisweekend.→It’sagreatpitythatIwillbreaktheappointmenttogooutwithyouthisweekend.3.scarevt.惊吓；使害怕vi.受惊吓→scaredadj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→scaryadj.吓人的；恐怖的【当堂检测】单句语法填空/补全句子①“Iwassoscared(scare)thatIhurriedhomeinpanicwithouttellinghim，”Adamsaid，fullofguilt.(心理描写)②Afterwatchingascary(scare)filminthecinema，shewasscaredofwalkinghomealoneandtherefore，shecalledataxi.③Ibowedmyheadtimidlyandwasscaredtolookatmyfather’scloudyface.(心理描写)我胆怯地低着头，不敢看爸爸那张阴云密布的脸。4.replacevt.接替；取代；更换；放回原处【当堂检测】单句语法填空/一句多译①AsfarasI’mconcerned，itisnotagoodideatomissmealsandreplacethemwith/bysnacks.②喜欢并向其他文化学习是好的，但它们永远无法取代你自己的文化。→It’sgoodtoenjoyotherculturesandlearnfromthem，buttheycanneverreplaceyourownculture.→It’sgoodtoenjoyotherculturesandlearnfromthem，buttheycannevertaketheplaceofyourownculture.5.assistvt.帮助；协助；援助→assistantn.助手；助理→assistancen.帮助；协助【当堂检测】单句语法填空/补全句子①Havingagreatdealofteachingexperienceataprimaryschool，IdobelievethatIamqualifiedtobeyourteachingassistant(assist).(申请信)②Whenthetwinswereworriedthattheycouldn’tsucceedinmakingadeliciousMother’sDaybreakfast，theirfathercametotheirassistance.Withtheassistanceoftheirfather/Withtheirfatherassistingthem，thetwinsmadeit，andtheirfacesalsolitupwithasmile.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)正当这对双胞胎担心做不出一顿美味的母亲节早餐的时候，爸爸来帮他们了。在他们爸爸的帮助下，这对双胞胎成功了，他们的脸上也洋溢着笑容。6.tearn.眼泪；泪水vt.(tore，torn)撕破【当堂检测】补全句子①Withalltheangeranddisappointmentexplodinginmyheart，Ifinallyburstintotears.(情感描写)我满腔的愤怒和失望，终于哭了起来。②IwasheartbrokentoseetearsstreamingdownJane’scheeks.(心理描写)看到简泪流满面，我很伤心。③Hearingtheirplan，Bernardjumpedforjoy，tearsofhappinessandgratitudewellingupinhiseyes.(情感描写，2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)听到他们的计划，伯纳德高兴得跳了起来，幸福和感