Unit5PoemsPeriod2DiscoveringUsefulStructures-（学案）-高二英语学与练（人教选择性）

选择性必修第三册Unit5PoemsPeriod2DiscoveringUsefulStructures001预习导学定语从句定义用作定语的从句类型限制性定语从句描述主句所涉及的人或物的具体情况，是主句不可缺少的一部分；如省去，主句意义不完整或失去意义。非限制性定语从句对主句所描述的人或物提供附加情况，起补充说明作用；如省去，主句意义仍完整。关系词关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as关系副词when,where,why002课堂探究定语从句[合作探究]1.Therearevariousreasonswhypeopleposepoetry.(Para.1)2.Someofthefirstpoems(that)ayoungchildlearnsinEnglisharenurseryrhymes.(Para.2)3.Oneofthesimplestkindsofpoemisthe“listpoem”,whichcontainsalistofthings,people,ideas,ordescriptionsthatdevelopaparticulartheme.(Para.3)4.Listpoemshaveaflexiblelinelengthandrepeatedphraseswhich/thatgivebothapatternandarhythmtothepoem.(Para.3)5.Anothersimpleformofpoemthat/whichamateurscaneasilywriteisthecinquain,whichismadeupoffivelines.(Para.4)6.HaikuisaJapaneseformofpoetrythat/whichconsistsof17syllables.(Para.5)7.Thehaikupoem(E)ontherightisatranslationfromJapanese,whichshowsamomentinthelifeofadelicatebutterfly.(Para.5)思考：第1句中的why能否换为其他关系词？第2句和第3句中的关系代词that可否换为which?[名师提醒]定语从句概述定义用作定语的从句类型限制性定语从句描述主句所涉及的人或物的具体情况，是主句不可缺少的一部分；如省去，主句意义不完整或失去意义。非限制性定语从句对主句所描述的人或物提供附加情况，起补充说明作用；如省去，主句意义仍完整。关系词关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as关系副词when,where,why二、引导定语从句的关系词关系代词that指物和人在从句中作主语或宾语which指物在从句中作主语或宾语who指人在从句中作主语或宾语whom在从句中作宾语whose指人和物在从句中作宾语as指人和物在从句中作主语或宾语关系副词when指时间在从句中作时间状语where指地点在从句中作地点状语why指原因在从句中作原因状语三、定语从句不能用which的情况1.当先行词为all,little,much,few,everything,none,all,every,any,much,little,few,no等指物的不定代词时关系代词只用that。Iwilltellhimallthatyoutoldmeattheball.2.当先行词既有人又有物时,关系代词用that,不用which。Heaskedaboutthefactoriesandworkersthathehadvisited.3.当先行词有形容词最高级修饰时,关系代词用that,而不用which。ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveeverread.GuilinisoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesthatIhaveevervisited.4.当先行词有序数词修饰时,关系代词用that,不用which。ThefirstsightthatwascaughtattheGreatWallhasmadealastingimpressiononhim.5.当先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,theright等修饰时,关系代词用that,不用which。Thatistheverythingthatwecando.6.当主句是以which,who,what开头的特殊问句时，引导定语从句的关系代词一般用that，而不用which。Whatisthemainenvironmentalissue(that)youwanttoaddress?四、定语从句不能用that的情况1.常用“prep.＋which”结构Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsatasmallboy.Heisalibraryassistant,fromwhomIborrowedsomebooks.2.用“n./pron./num./adj.比较或最高级+prep.+which/whom”结构，表示先行词的一部分Theytalkedaboutamovie,thenameofwhichI'veneverforgotten.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostofwhichhadn'tbeencleanedforatleastayear.3.非限制性定语从句中，指物用whichBeijing,whichhasbeenChina'scapitalformorethan800years,isrichinculturalandhistoricrelics.TheNile,whichusedtofloodeveryyear,nowrunsmoreregularlybelowthedam.五、关系词的省略1.关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略。Thecup(that/which)youboughtisbroken.2.在某些表示时间、地点的词后的限制性定语从句中，关系副词在口语中有时省略。I’llneverforgettheyear(when)IstayedinBeijing.Thisistheplace(where)Ilivedfiveyearsago.注意：非限制性定语从句通常由who,whom,which,whose,when,where及“介词+which/whom”引导，且关系词一般不省略。另外，在非限制性定语从句中，which可指代整个主句内容。【学以致用1】单句语法填空定语从句的关系词1.Thehouse______windowsfacenorthbelongstohim.2.Theman_______________youmetjustnowismybrother.3.Theman_________isworkingintheplaygroundismyoldfriend.4.Takethebook___________islyingonthetable.5.Sheissuchagirl____isalwaysfindingfaultwithotherpeople.6.Theyhavereachedthepoint______theyhavetoseparate.7.Doyouknowthereason_____heisabsent?8.Hisintereststartedafewyearsago,______hewasincollegeandstudyingwildlifescience.【答案】1.whose2.whom/who/that3.who/that4.which/that5.as6.where7.why8.when【学以致用2】根据汉语意思完成句子1.我读过很多关于长征的故事，其中这个故事最令人感动。I’vereadmanystoriesabouttheLongMarch，thisisthemosttouchingone.2.读书是一种享受生活的好方法，它把读者带到其他的世界中。Readingbooks，thereadertootherworlds，isawonderfulwaytoenjoylife.3.在五楼有两个房间，其中较大的那个被用作我们的办公室。Onthefifthfloortherearetworooms，isusedasouroffice.4.这座山的顶峰很难被看到，因为被高楼挡住了。Themountain，thetopishardlyseen，isblockedbythehighbuilding.5.在我们公司，我几乎到晚上六点后才有时间，到那时许多人已经回家了。InourpanyIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter6pm，manypeoplehavegonehome.【答案】1.ofwhich “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。2.whichtakes which指代readingbooks，所以谓语动词用单数形式。3.thelargerofwhich 表示两者中较大的一个要用“the+比较级”。4.ofwhich ofwhichthetop在此相当于whosetop。5.bywhichtime bywhichtime到那个时候，引导非限制性定语从句。003随堂小练Ⅰ单句语法填空1．AsKarlMarxsays,“Thosemakemostpeoplehappyarethehappiestpeopleintheworld.”2．Covid19,themostdeadlyvirusinrecentyears,begantoattackpeoplein2019,fromeffectpeoplearestillsuffering.3．“Thankyouforlettingmeobserveyourclasses.Itwasanunusualexperience,”theemailbegan,gotmyheartracing.4．SomeAmericanspellingswerecreatedbyNoahWebster,madeoneofAmerica’sfirstdictionaries.5．Doyouremembertheyearsyoulivedinthecountrysidewithyourgrandparents?6．Itwasfinallypletedin1928,bytimeitwasconsideredoutofdateandrevisionsbeganatonce.7．WesternChinaisabundantinmineralresourcesofferveryhighpotentialforexploitation.8．Ioftengoshoppingwithmyparentsonweekends,Ienjoyverymuchbecauseitoffersachanceforustoexchangeideaswhileshopping.9．Therearevariousreasonstheviolinisthaswon.10．HehaswrittenabooknameIhaveforgotten.1．who【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正如卡尔·马克思（KarlMarx）所说，“让大多数人幸福的人是世界上最幸福的人。”分析句子成分可知，此句是一个定语从句，those为先行词，在句中指人，空格处在定语从句中充当主语成分，所以只能填who。故填who。2．whose【详解】考查定语从句。句意：新冠肺炎是近年来最致命的病毒，从2019年开始袭击人们，人们仍在遭受其影响。分析句子可知，此处是“介词+关系词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是Covid19，指物，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰effect，应使用whose。故填whose。3．which【详解】考查定语从句。句意：“谢谢你让我旁听你的课。这是一次不寻常的经历，”邮件开头让我心跳加速。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是email，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导，故填which。4．who【详解】考查非限制定语从句。句意：一些美国拼法是由诺亚韦伯斯特创造的，他编写了美国最早的字典之一。分析句子可知，空后是一个非限制性定语从句，句中缺主语，且先行词是NoahWebster，故应用关系代词who来引导。故填who。5．when【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你还记得你和祖父母住在农村的那些年吗？分析句子结构可知，空处引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词theyears，先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导该从句。故填when。6．which【详解】考查定语从句。句意：它最终于1928年完成，当时它被认为是过时的，并立即开始修订。此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词1928，作介词的宾语，指物，应用关系代词which。故填which。7．which/that【详解】考查定语从句。句意：中国西部矿产资源丰富，开发潜力很大。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词resources是物，因此空格处用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。8．which【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我经常在周末和我的父母一起去购物，我非常喜欢，因为它提供了一个机会，让我们在购物时交流思想。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整个主句内容，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which引导，故填which。9．why【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位小提琴家获胜的原因有很多。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词reasons。代替先行词在定语从句中作原因状语，所以用关系副词why引导该从句。故填why。10．whose【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他写了一本书，我忘了书的名字。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是book，关系词代替先行词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。Ⅱ完成句子（用定语从句合并句子）。1．SothereisaKeepFitSummerCampinourcity.Inthecamp,theoverweightteenagerscantakeenoughexerciseandhaveahealthydiet._________________________________________________________________________________________2．Youmightoftenseeoverweightboysandgirls.Thismeansthatyoungpeople’sweighthasbeeabigproblem._________________________________________________________________________________________3．Leowillneverforgetthemoment.Atthatmoment,MrGreengavehimalotofvaluableadviceonhowtoimprovehiswriting._________________________________________________________________________________________Youwereplayingsomemusic,anditsoundedveryfamiliar._________________________________________________________________________________________5．China’sfirstselfdesignedmodernbridgereopenedtotheroadtraffic.WeChineseweresoproudofitwhenitwasbuilt50yearsago._________________________________________________________________________________________1．SothereisaKeepFitSummerCampinourcitywheretheoverweightteenagerscantakeenoughexerciseandhaveahealthydiet.2．Youmightoftenseeoverweightboysandgirls,whichmeansthatyoungpeople’sweighthasbeeabigproblem.3．LeowillneverforgetthemomentwhenMrGreengavehimalotofvaluableadviceonhowtoimprovehiswriting.4．Themusicthat/whichyouwereplayingsoundedveryfamiliar.5．China’sfirstselfdesignedmodernbridgereopenedtotheroadtraffic,ofwhichweChineseweresoproudwhenitwasbuilt50yearsago.Ⅲ能力提升(用定语从句翻译下列句子)笑是驱走人们脸上寒意的太阳。_________________________________________________________________________________________我伸手去摸她的脸，发现她的脸像冰一样冰冷。_________________________________________________________________________________________他演讲中的一些与气候有关的话语让听众感到惊奇。_________________________________________________________________________________________他重游故居，不禁回忆起许多美好的回忆。_________________________________________________________________________________________杭州亚运会开幕式以水为主题，融入科技元素，整场演出恢弘大气，让人印象深刻。_________________________________________________________________________________________1．Laughteristhesunthatdriveswinterfromthehumanface.2．Ireachedouttotouchherface,whichwasascoldastheice.3．Somewordsinhisspeech,whichwererelatedtoclimate,surprisedtheaudience.4．Avisittotheplaceswherehehadlivedbroughtbackmanyfondmemories.5．Themedaroundwaterandintegratedwithtechnologicalelements,theopeningceremonyoftheHangzhouAsianGamespresentedagrandperformance,whichleftadeepimpressiononpeople.004培优提升一、单句语法填空1．Theexhibitbeforeyouisasetofmusicalinstrumentscalledchimebells,wereunearthedinHubeiProvincein1978.2．ChinahasMidAutumnFestival,peopleadmirethemoon.3．Thegentlemanyoumetyesterdayprovedtobeathief.4．Thepeoplefaceslitupwithahugesmilegavemethedeepestimpression.5．Hereinthemountains,everysunrisestarts,I’llhealmyheartforawhile.6．Shewonderedwhetherhehadsomeonetohecouldtalkfreely.7．Teenagersmayexperiencesituationstheirbodydevelopmentslowsdown.8．Hebeganhiscareerasaheadfootballcoachin1969,hewaselectedtoleadtheOaklandRaiders.9．Thegirlrefusedtotellusthereasonshebecameinterestedinthisfilm.10．IborrowedthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek,myclassmatesremendedtome.1．which【详解】考查定语从句。句意：眼前的展品是一套名为“编钟”的乐器，1978年在湖北省出土。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为asetofmusicalinstrumentscalledchimebells，指物，关系词在从句中作主语。可以用which引导定语从句。故填which。2．when【详解】考查定语从句。句意：中国有中秋节，人们在这一天赏月。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词MidAutumnFestival是时间，在从句中作状语，因此空格处用关系副词when，故填when。3．that/who/whom【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你昨天遇到的那位先生被证明是个小偷。分析句子结果可知，空处引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词Thegentleman。先行词指人，在定语从句中作宾语，所以可以用关系代词that,who或whom引导该从句。故填that/who/whom。4．whose【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那些脸上洋溢着灿烂笑容的人给我留下了最深刻的印象。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，且结合语意，此处表示“人们的脸”，所以空处应用whose作定语，引导定语从句。故填whose。5．where【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在这群山中，在每一个日出开始的地方，我会暂时治愈我的心。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是mountains，在从句中作地点状语，用where引导。故填where。6．whom【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她想知道他是否有一个可以自由交谈的人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是someone，在从句中作to的宾语，用whom引导，此处是介词+whom引导的定语从句。故填whom。7．where【详解】考查定语从句。句意：青少年可能会经历身体发育减慢的情况。此处为定语从句，代替先行词situations在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。8．when【详解】考查定语从句。句意：1969年，他被选为奥克兰突击队员队的主教练，开始了他的足球教练生涯。分析句子可知，空处及之后的内容为非限制性定语从句，先行词为1969，关系词替代先行词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。9．why【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个女孩拒绝告诉我们她为什么对这部电影感兴趣。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是reason，做原因状语，应该用关系副词why引导。故填why。10．which【详解】考查定语从句。句意：上周我从图书馆借了一本《福尔摩斯探案》，这本书是我的同学推荐给我的。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为thebookSherlockHolmes，指代事物，在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。二、语篇语法填空。阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Sustainabletourism，1isbeingincreasinglypopularnowadays，isnotjustaboutseeingthesights.Itisalsoa