大学英语英语四级练习卷及答案 (二)

大学英语四级考试

练习卷

一、阅读理解

Passage1

HowtoDealWithDifficultPeople

InNewYorkCityoneday,abusinesswomangotintoataxi.Becauseitwas

rushhourandshewashurryingforatrain,shesuggestedaroute.Tve

beenacabby（车夫）for15years!z，thedriveryelled."YouthinkIdon，t

knowthebestwaytogo?”

Thewomantriedtoexplainthatshehadn，tmeanttooffendhim,butthe

driverkeptyelling.Shefinallyrealizedhewastooupsettobereasonable.

Soshedidtheunexpected."Youknow,you'reright,“shetoldhim."It

mustseemdumbformetoassumeyoudon'tknowthebestwaythroughthe

city.”

Takenaback,thedriverflashedhisrideraconfusedlookintherear-view

mirror,turneddownthestreetshewantedandgothertothetrainontime.

“Hedidn'tsayanotherwordtherestoftheride,“shesaid,“untilIgot

outandpaidhim.Thenhethankedme.”

Whenyouencounterpeoplelikethiscabdriver,there'sanirresistible

urgetodiginyourheels.Thiscanleadtoprolongedarguments,soured

friendships,lostcareeropportunitiesandbrokenmarriages.Asaclinical

psychiatrist,I'vediscoveredonesimplebutextremelyunlikelyprinciple

thatcanpreventvirtuallyanyconflictorotherdifficultsituationfrom

becomingarecipefordisaster.

Thekeyistoputyourselfintheotherperson'sshoesandlookforthe

truthinwhatthatpersonissaying.Findawaytoagree.Theresultmay

surpriseyou.

SulkersSteve，s14-year-oldson,Adam,hadbeenirritableforseveraldays.

WhenSteveaskedwhy,Adamsnapped,“Nothing'swrong!Leavemealone!”

andstalkedofftohisroom.

Weallknowpeoplelikethis.Whenthere'sproblem,theymaysulk（生

闷气）oractangryandrefusetotalk.

Sowhat'sthesolution?First,SteveneedstoaskhimselfwhyAdamwontt

talk.Maybetheboyisworriedaboutsomethingthathappenedatschool.

OrhemightbeangryathisdadbutafraidtobringitupbecauseSteve

getsdefensivewheneverheiscriticized.Stevecanpursuethese

possibilitiesthenexttimetheytalkbysaying,〃Inoticedyou'reupset,

andIthinkitwouldhelptogettheproblemoutintheopen.Itmaybe

hardbecauseIhaven'talwayslistenedvery,58•

well.Ifso,IfeelbadbecauseIloveyouanddon'twanttoletyoudown.

〃

IfAdamstillrefusestotalk,Stevecantakeadifferenttack:Tm

concernedaboutwhat'sgoingonwithyou,butwecantalkthingsoverlater,

whenyou'remoreinthemood.”

Thisstrategyallowsbothsidestowin:Stevedoesn'thavetocompromise

ontheprinciplethatultimatelytheproblemneedstobetalkedoutand

resolved.Adamsavesfacebybeingallowedtowithdrawforawhile.

Noisycritics.Recently,IwascounsellingabusinessmannamedFrankwho

lendstobeoverbearing（专横的）whenhe'supset.FranktoldmethatIwas

tooabsent-mindedwithmoneyandthatheshouldn，thavetopayateach

ofoursessions.Hewantedtobebilledmonthly.

IfeltannoyedbecauseitseemedFrankalwayshadtohavethingshisway.

IexplainedthatIhadtriedmonthlybilling,butithadn'tworkedbecause

somepatientsdidn'tpay.Frankarguedthathehadimpeccable（无可挑

易的）creditandknewmuchmoreaboutcreditandbillingthanIdid.

SuddenlyIrealizedIwasmissingFrank'spoint."Youareright,“Isaid.

"I'mbeingdefensive.Weshouldfocusontheproblemsinyourlifeand

notworrysomuchaboutmoney.”

Frankimmediatelysoftenedandbegantalkingaboutwhatwasreally

botheringhim,whichweresomepersonalproblems.Thenexttimewemet,

hehandedmeacheckfor20sessionsinadvance!

Therearetimes,ofcourse,whenpeopleareunreasonablyabusiveandyou

mayneedtojustwalkawayfromthesituation.Butiftheproblemisone

thatyouwantsolved,it'simportanttoallowtheotherpersontokeep

someself-esteem.There'snearlyalwaysagrainoftruthintheother

person，spointofview.Ifyouacknowledgethis,heorshewillbeless

defensiveandmorelikelytolistentoyou.

Complainers.Bradisa32-year-oldDetroitchiropractor（按摩师）who

recentlydescribedhisfrustrationwithapatientofhis:"IaskMr.Barry,

,Howareyoudoing?'andhedumpsouthiswholelifestory-hisfamily

problemsandhisfinancialdifficulties.Igivehimadvice,buthe

ignoreseverythingItellhim.”

Bradneedstorecognizethathabitualcomplainersusuallydon'twant

advice.Theyjustwantsomeonetolistenandunderstand.SoBradmight

simplysay:"sounds1ikearoughweek,It'snofuntohaveunpaidbills,

peoplenaggingyou,andthispainbesides."Thecomplainerwillusually

runoutofgasandstopcomplaining.Thesecretisnottogiveadvice.

Justagreeingandvalidatingaperson，spointofviewwillmakethatperson

feelbetter.

Demandingfriends.Difficultpeoplearen'talways-，angryorjust

complaining.Sometimestheyaredifficultbecauseofthedemandsthey

placeuponus.Maybeafriendputsyouonthespotwitharequesttorun

anerrandforhimwhilehe'soutoftown.Ifyouhaveacrowdedschedule,

youmayagreebutendupangryandresentful.Orifyousaynointhewrong

way,yourfriendmayfeelhurtandunhappy.Theproblemisthat,caught

offguard,youdon'tknowhowtodealwiththesituationinawaythat

avoidsbadfeelings.

OnemethodI'vefoundhelpfulis"punting”.You'repuntingwhenyoutel1

thepersonyouneedtothinkabouttherequestandthatyou'11getback

aboutit.Sayacolleaguecallsandpressuresmetogivealectureathis

university.I'velearnedtosay,Tmflatteredthatyouthought

ofme.Letmecheckmyschedule,andI'11callyouback.”

ThisgivesmetimetodealwithanyfeelingsofguiltifIhavetosay

no.SupposeIdecideitisbettertodecline;puntingallowmetoplan

whatIwillsaywhenIcallback,“Iappreciatebeingasked,“Imight

indicate,“butIfindI'mover-committedrightnow.However,Ihope

you'11thinkofmeinthefuture.”

Respondingtodifficultpeoplewithpatienceandempathycanbetough,

especiallywhenyoufeelupset.Butthemomentyougiveupyourneedto

controlorberight,theotherpersonwillbeginrelaxingandstart

listeningtoyou.TheGreekphilosopherEpictetusunderstoodthiswhen

hesaidnearly2,000yearsago,,Ifsomeonecriticizesyou,agreeatonce.

Mentionthatifonlytheotherpersonknewyouwell,therewouldbemore

tocriticizethanthat!”

Realcommunicationresultsfromaspiritofrespectforyourselfandfor

theotherperson.Thebenefitscanbeamazing.

1.Theprinciplethewriterhasdiscoveredtostopanyconflictfromgoing

worseistofindawaytoagree.

2.Thetaxidriverthankedthebusinesswomanbecauseshewasverypolite

tohim.

3.Difficultpeoplementionedinthepassageincludethosewhogive

occasionalcomplaints.

4.Onewaytodealwiththepersonwhoisunreasonablyabusiveisto

walkawayfromthesituation.

5.IfMr.BarryhadfollowedBrad'sadvice,hewouldhavesolvedall

hispersonalproblems.

6.Whathabitualcomplainersneedisagoodlistener.

7.Itwillendupinunhappinesswhetheryouhavesatisfiedyourfriend's

requestornot.

8.Youwillberewardedwitharealcommunicationifyouforothers.

9.Adifficultpersoncanbecomearelaxingandgoodconversational

partnerifyou

yourcontrol.

・60・

10.Accordingtotheauthor,oneeffectivewaytodealwithademanding

friendis.

Passage2

Agrowingworldpopulationandthediscoveriesofsciencemay11this

patternofdistributioninthefuture.Asmenslowlylearntomaster

diseases,controlfloods,preventfamines,andstopwars,fewerpeople

dieeveryyear;andin12thepopulationoftheworldis13increasing.

In1925therewereabout2,000millionpeopleintheworld;bytheend

ofthecenturytheremaywellbeover4,000million.

Whennumbersrisethe14mouthsmustbefed.NewlandsmustbeIbought

undercultivation,orlandalreadyfarmedmadeto15largercrops.Insome

areastheaccessiblelandislargelysointensively16thatitwillbe

difficulttomakeitprovidemorefood.Insomeareasthepopulationis

sodensethatthelandisparceledoutinunitstoo17toallowformuch

improvementinfarmingmethods.Werealargerpartofthisfarming

populationdrawnoffintoindustrialoccupations,thelandmightbefarmed

muchmoreproductivelybymodernmethods.

Thereisnowaraceforscience,technology,andindustrytokeepthe

18offoodrisingfasterthanthenumberofpeopletobefed.Newstrains

ofcropsarebeingdevelopedwhichwillthrivein19climates;

irrigationanddry-farmingmethodsbringpoorlandsundertheplough,dams

holdbackthewatersofgreatriversto20waterforthefields

inallseasonsandtoprovideelectricpowerfornewindustries;

industrialchemistryprovidesfertilizerstosuitparticular

soils;aeroplanesspraycropstodestroyinsectsandmanyplant

diseases.

A.ensureB.violentlyC.alter

D.harmfulE.cultivatedF.unique

G.transplantedH.yieldI.consequence

J.outputK.extraL.steadilyM.

tinyN.unfavorable0.produce

Passage3

Theprocessofperceivingothersisrarelytranslated（toourselvesor

others）intocold,objectiveterms."Shewas5feet8inchestall,had

fairhair,andworeacoloredskirt."Moreoften,wetrytogetinside

theotherpersontopinpoint（强调）hisorherattitudes,emotions,

motivations,abilities,ideas,andcharacters.Furthermore,wesometimes

behaveasifwecanaccomplishthisdifficultjobveryquickly一perhaps

withatwo-secondglance.

Wetrytoobtaininformationaboutothersinmanyways.Bergersuggests

severalmethodsforreducinguncertaintiesaboutothers;whoareknown

toyousoyoucancomparetheobservedperson'sbehaviorwiththeknown

others，behavior,observingapersoninasituationwheresocialbehavior

isrelativelyunrestrainedorwhereawidevarietyofbehavioralresponses

arecalledfor,deliberatelystructuringthephysicalorsocial

environmentsoastoobservetheperson'sresponsestospecificstimuli

（刺激因素），askingpeoplewhohavehadorhavefrequentcontactwiththe

personabouthimorher,andusingvariousstrategiesinface-to-face

interactiontouncoverinformationaboutanotherperson—question,

self-disclosures,andsoon.

Gettingtoknowsomeoneisanever-endingtask,largelybecausepeople

areconstantlychangingandthemethodsweusetoobtaininformationare

oftenimprecise.Youmayhaveknownsomeonefortenyearsandstillknow

verylittleabouthim.Ifweaccepttheideathatwewon'teverfullyknow

anotherperson,itenablesustodealmoreeasilywiththosethingsthat

getinthewayofaccurateknowledgesuchassecretsanddeceptions.It

willalsokeepusfrombeingtoosurprisedorshockedbyseemingly

inconsistentbehavior.Ironically,thosethingsthatkeepusfromknowing

anotherpersontoowell(e.g.secretsanddeceptions)maybejustas

importanttothedevelopmentofasatisfyingrelationshipasthosethings

thatenableustoobtainaccurateknowledgeaboutaperson(e.g.

disclosuresandtruthfulstatement).

21.Accordingtothepassage,ifweperceiveaperson,wearelikelyto

beinterestedin

A.whathewearsB.howtall

heis

C.howhappyheisD.whatcolorhe

dyeshishair

22.Somepeopleareoftensurprisedbywhatotherpeopledo.According

toBerger,thatismainlybecause.

A.somepeoplearemoreemotionalthanothers

B.somepeoplearenotawareofthefactthatwewillnevercompletely

knowanotherperson

C.somepeoplearesensitiveenoughtosensethechangeofotherpeople's

attitudes

D.somepeoplechoosetokeeptothemselves

23.Wemayhaveknownsomeonefortenyearsandstillknowverylittle

abouthimbecause.

A.wedon'taccepttheideathatwemightneverfullyknowanotherperson

B.weoftengetinformationinacasualandinexactway

C.wepaymoreattentiontootherpeople'smotivationsandemotions,

62・

D.weoftenhaveface-to-faceconversationwithhim

24.Therearethingsthatwefindpreventingusfromknowingothers.

Thesethingsare

A.disclosuresB.

deceptions

C.stimuliD.

interactions

25.Thispassagemainlyconcerns.

A.therelationshipbetweenpeopleB.theperceptionof

otherpeople

C.secretsanddeceptionsofpeopleD.people'sattitudes

andcharacters

Passage4

Modernscientistsdividetheprocessofdyingintotwostages—clinical

or（emporarydeathandbiologicaldeath.Clinicaldeathoccurswhenthe

vitalorgans,suchastheheartorlungs,haveceasedtofunction,but

havenotsufferedpermanentdamage.Theorganismcanstillberevived（复

活）.Biologicaldeathoccurswhenchangesintheorganismleadtothe

disintegration（解体）ofvitalcellsandtissues.Deathisthen

irreversibleandfinal.

Scientistshavebeenseekingawaytoprolongtheperiodofclinicaldeath

so（hattheorganismcanberevivedbeforebiologicaldeathoccurs.The

bestmethoddevelopedsofarinvolvescoolingoftheorganism,combined

withnarcotic（麻醉的）sleep.Byslowingdownthebody'smetabolism（新

成代谢），coolingdelaystheprocessesleadingtobiologicaldeath.

Toillustratehowthisworks,scientistsperformedanexperimentona

six-year-oldfemalemonkeycalledKeta.ThescientistsputKetatosleep

withanarcotic.Thentheysurroundedherbodywithice-bagsandbegan

checkingherbodytemperature.Whenithaddroppedto28degreesthe

scientistsbegandrainingbloodfromanitsbody.Themonkey'sblood

pressuredecreasedandanhourlaterboththeheartandbreathingstopped;

clinicaldeathsetin.FortwentyminutesKetaremainedinthisstate.

Hertemperaturedroppedto22degrees.Atthispointthescientistspumped

bloodintoitsbodyinthedirectionoftheheartandstartedartificial

breathing.Aftertwominutesthemonkey'sheartbecameactiveoncemore.

Afterfifteenminutes,spontaneousbreathingbegan,andafterfourhours

Ketaopenedhereyesandliftedherhead.Aftersixhours,whenthe

scientiststriedtogiveherapenicillininjection,Ketaseizedthe

syringeandranwithitaroundtheroom.Herbehaviordifferedlittlefrom

thatofahealthyanimal.

26.Thispassagefocuseson.

A.thedifferencebetweenbiologicalandclinicaldeath.

B.theprocessofdying

C.prolongingtheperiodofclinicaldeath

D.thenatureofclinicaldeath

27.Thebeststatementofthemainideaofthispassageisthat

A.modemscientistsdividetheprocessofdyingintoclinicaland

biologicaldeath

B.biologicaldeathoccurswhenvitalorganshavesufferedpermanent

damage

C.scientistshavefoundawaytoprolongtheperiodofclinicaldeath

D.coolingdelaystheprocessesleadingtobiologicaldeath

28.Onecharacteristicofclinicaldeathis.

A.lastingdamagetothelungsB.destructionofthe

tissues

C.temporarynon-functioningoftheheartD.thattheorganismcannot

berevived

29.Accordingtothepassage,coolinganorganism

A.speedsupthebody'smetabolismB.slowsdisintegrationof

bodytissues

C.preventsdamagetoorgansD.revivesdamaged

organs

30.Onepossiblebenefitoftheexperimentdiscussedinthepassage

is.

A.lesscrowdedcitiesB.victoryover

death

C.protectionagainstfatalinjuryD.fewerdeathsfromheart

attacks

二、完型填空

完型填空(一)

Mostparents,Isuppose,havehadtheexperienceofreadingabedtime

storytotheirchildren.Andtheymusthave1howdifficultitistowrite

a2children'sbook.Eithertheauthorhasaimedtoo3,sothatthe

childrencan'tfollowwhatisinhis(ormoreoften,her)story,4the

storyseemstobetalkingtothereaders.Thebestchildren,sbooksare

5verydifficultnorverysimple,andsatisfyboththe6whohears

thestoryandtheadultwho7it.Unfortunately,thereareinfact8books

likethis,9theproblemoffindingtherightbedtimestoryisnot10to

solve.Thismaybewhymanyofbooksregardedas11ofchildren's

literaturewereinfactwrittenfor12.“Alice'sAdventureinWonderland

isperhapsthemost13ofthis.Children,leftforthemselves,often14

theworstpossibleinterestinliterature.Justleaveachildinbookshop

o15andhewill16willinglychoosethebookswritteninanimaginative

way,orhavealookatmostchildren'scomics,fullofthestoriesand

jokeswhicharethe17ofteachersandright-thinkingparents.Perhapswe

parentsshouldstoptryingtobrainwashchildrensintos18ourtastein

literature.Afterallchildrenandadultsareso19thatweparentsshould

notexpectthattheywillenjoythe20books.SoIsupposewe'11just

havetocompromiseoverthatbedtimestory.

1.A.hopedB.realizedC.toldD.said

2.A.shortB.longC.badD.good

3.A.easyB.shortC.highD.difficult

4.A.andB.butC.orD.so

5.A.bothB.neitherC.eitherD.very

6.A.childB.fatherC.motherD.teacher.

7.A.hearsB.buysC.understandsD.reads

8.A.fewB.manyC.agreatdealofD.agreatnumberof

9.A.butB.howeverC.soD.becauselOA.hardB.easyC.enough

D.fast

11.A.articlesB.workC.artsD.works

12.A.grownupsB.girlsC.boysD.children

13.A.difficultB.hiddenC.obviousD.easy

14.A.areB.showC.findD.add

15.A.schoolB.homeC.officeD.library

16.A.moreB.lessC.ableD.be

17.A.lovingnessB.interestsC.objectionsD.readings

18.A.receivingB.acceptingC.havingD.refusing

19.A.sameB.friendlyC.differentD.common

20.A.commonB.avarageC.differentD.Same

完型填空(二)

Agreatdealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigital

divide-thedivisionoftheworldintotheinfo(information)richandthe

infopoor.Andthat_1―doesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedabout

thisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwasless_2—then,however,

werethenew,positive_3—thatworkagainstthedigitaldivide.

—4—,therearereasonstobe_5—.Therearetechnologicalreasonsto

hopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternetbecomesmoreand

more_6一,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalize

access-afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotential_7—there

are.Moreandmore_8—,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleft_9—,want

tospreadInternetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwo

billionpeopleontheplanetwillbe_10—together.Asaresult,Inow

believethedigitaldividewill_11_ratherthanwidenintheyears

aheaD.AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethe

mostpowerfultoolfor_12—worldpovertythatwe'veeverhaD.Ofcourse,

theuseoftheInternetisn'ttheonlywayto_13—poverty.Andthe

Internetisnottheonlytoolwehave.Butithas_14—potential.To

__15_advantageofthistool,somepoorcountrieswillhavetogetover

theiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudices_16…respecttoforeign

investment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisa/an_17_

oftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryof_18—(thebasic

structuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.Whenthe

UnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidn'thavethe

capitaltodoso.Andthatis_19_America，sSecondWave

infrastructure-—20—roads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon-were

builtwithforeigninvestment.

1.A)divideB)informationC)worldD)lecture

2.A)obscureB)visibleC)invisibleD)indistinct

3.A)forcesB)obstaclesC)eventsD)surprises

4.A)SeriouslyB)EntirelyC)ActuallyD)Continuously

5.A)negativeB)optimisticC)pleasantD)disappointed

6.A)developedB)centralizedC)realizedD)commercialized

7.A)usersB)producersC)customersD)citizens

8.A)enterprisesB)governmentsC)officialsD)customers

9.A)awayB)forC)asideD)behind

10.A)nettedB)workedC)putD)organized

11.A)decreaseB)narrowC)neglectD)low

12.A)containingB)preventingC)keepingD)combating

13.A)winB)detailC)defeatD)fear

14.A)enormousB)countlessC)numericalD)big

15.A)bringB)keepC)holdD)take

16.A)atB)withC)ofD)for

17.A)offenceB)investmentC)invasionD)insult

18.A)constructionB)facilityC)infrastructureD)institution

19.A)whyB)whereC)whenD)how

20.A)concerningB)concludingC)accordingD)including

三、翻译

1>Thetrainwasdelayedonaccountofsnow.

翻译：.

2.Youneedtocheckinonhourbeforetheflight.

翻译：__________________________________________________

3.ThoughtscanalsobeexpressedbymeansofmusiC.

翻译：________________________________________________________

4、Theshopisnowlicensedtosellcigarettes.

翻译：.

5、Youmustn,tletthebodytemperaturedroptoolow.

翻译：_________________________________________________

参考答案：

-、阅读理解:

I.Y2.N3.N4.Y5.NG6.Y7.N8.show

respect9.giveup10.punting

II.C12.I13.L14.K15.H16.E17.M18.19.

N20.A21.C22.B23.B24.B25.B26.C27.C28.

C29.B30.D

二、完型填空

完型填空（一）

1.【答案】B按意义选词，肯定知道。

2.【答案】D按意义选词，写出一本好的儿童读物是多么的难，应选goodo

3.【答案】C目标定的太高，应选higho