高考英语阅读理解五步法专项带练(38)讲义

（素材来源：重庆市南开中学20232024学年高三1月第五次质量检测英语试题①InJuly1915,severelytorturedbyhispoorhealth,JamesMurray,oneoftheearlyeditorsoftheOxfordEnglishDictionary（OED）,definedonefinalword.Afterhis36years'dedicationtothedictionary,hishardlabourhadtakenatoll.Knowinghewouldnotseetheprojectplete.②ThepoeticqualityofMurray'sfinaldaysisoneofthemanymemorabletalesinTheDictionaryPeople.Beginningin1857,theOEDwasahugecrowdsourcingproject"theWikipediaofthe19thcentury"prising3,000people.Theideawastocreatea"descriptive"dictionarythattrackedwords'useandmeaningovertime,unlikeits"prescriptive"18thcenturypredecessorbySamuelJohnson,whichtoldreadershowtosayandusewords.Volunteersreadwidely,mailinginexamplesofhow"rare,oldfashioned,new,strange"wordswereused.Whatissurprisingaboutthisfairlyrandommethodisthatitworked.③TheoriginstoryofSarahOgilvie'sbookisalmostasimprobableasthatofthedictionaryitself.MsOgilvie,aformerscholarwhoservedasaneditorfortheOED,wentintothedocumentsofOxfordUniversityPressandcameacrossanoldnotebook.IthadbelongedtoMurrayandcontainedthenamesanddetailsofthedictionaryvolunteers,mostofwhomhadpreviouslybeenunknown.TheDictionaryPeopleisherworkofdetectivescholarship,bringingthelivesbehindthenamestoreaders.④MsOgilvie'sbookisfullofintriguingstories.Thepresentationofthebookisunconventional,too,takingitsstructurefromtheworkitdescribes.Thereare26alphabeticalchapters,eachcelebratingagroupofcontributors（memorably,"K"isfor"kleptomaniac"peoplewhodesiretosteal）.Thisisacleverarrangement,thoughitsometimesmeansthatbroaderissuesemergeonlyinpieces.⑤Essentially,thisisastoryaboutordinarypeople.Itisconcreteproofofthosewho,tocitedictionaryhelperGeorgeEliot,"livedfaithfullyahiddenlife,andrestinunvisitedtombs".32.Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression"takenatoll"inparagraph1mean?A.Paidoff.B.Provedinvain.C.Wornoutthepassion.D.Hadaharmfuleffect.33.WhatcanwelearnabouttheOxfordEnglishDictionary?A.Itservesasanexampleofdictionaryediting.B.Itprovidesprecisedirectionsforwordusage.C.Itisacooperativeworkofmanyvolunteers.D.ItwaseditedwiththehelpofSamuelJohnson.34.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.ThestorybehindSarahOgilvie'sbook.B.ThedetectivemethodsofSarahOgilvie.C.LegendsoftheearlyOEDeditors.D.Murray'sroleineditingtheOED.35.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Areviewofabook.B.Abiographyofaneditor.C.Anessayondictionaryediting.Anintroductiontoadictionary.【五步法解题】串联题干Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression"takenatoll"inparagraph1mean?WhatcanwelearnabouttheOxfordEnglishDictionary?Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?关联词太少，无法推导主题词35.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Areviewofabook.一本书的评论B.Abiographyofaneditor.一位编辑的传记C.Anessayondictionaryediting.一篇关于词典编辑的文章D.Anintroductiontoadictionary.一本字典的介绍。⑤Essentially,thisisastoryaboutordinarypeople.Itisconcreteproofofthosewho,tocitedictionaryhelperGeorgeEliot,"livedfaithfullyahiddenlife,andrestinunvisitedtombs".本题考察的是顺序的行文逻辑。什么是评论？不就是论证论据？所以概括词的原词复现：concreteproof=review32.Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression"takenatoll"inparagraph1mean?A.Paidoff.取得成功：成功地实现目标或达到预期结果。B.Provedinvain.证明是徒劳的。C.Wornoutthepassion.耗尽了激情。D.Hadaharmfuleffect.产生了有害的影响。这是一段词汇推断题。回文定位：①InJuly1915,severelytorturedbyhispoorhealth,JamesMurray,oneoftheearlyeditorsoftheOxfordEnglishDictionary（OED）,definedonefinalword.Afterhis36years'dedicationtothedictionary,hishardlabourhadtakenatoll.Knowinghewouldnotseetheprojectplete.提示一下：在浏览选项留意委婉表达,这有可能是正确答案：Can,may,might,possible,notnecessarily,some,effect,change33.WhatcanwelearnabouttheOxfordEnglishDictionary?关于牛津英语词典，我们能了解到什么?A.Itservesasanexampleofdictionaryediting.它是词典编辑的一个例子。B.Itprovidesprecisedirectionsforwordusage.它为单词的用法提供了精确的指导。C.Itisacooperativeworkofmanyvolunteers.这是许多志愿者的合作工作。D.ItwaseditedwiththehelpofSamuelJohnson.它是在塞缪尔·约翰逊的帮助下编辑的。注意：一旦选项出现专业名词，建议首先排除，因为一般情况下带有专有名词选项，回文定位是很简单的，所以专有名词的选项一般为“陪跑”选项②ThepoeticqualityofMurray'sfinaldaysisoneofthemanymemorabletalesinTheDictionaryPeople.Beginningin1857,theOEDwasahugecrowdsourcingproject"theWikipediaofthe19thcentury"prising3,000people.Theideawastocreatea"descriptive"dictionarythattrackedwords'useandmeaningovertime,unlikeits"prescriptive"18thcenturypredecessorbySamuelJohnson,whichtoldreadershowtosayandusewords.Volunteersreadwidely,mailinginexamplesofhow"rare,oldfashioned,new,strange"wordswereused.Whatissurprisingaboutthisfairlyrandommethodisthatitworked.概括化的词汇复现Cooperativework=prising3,000people.34.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.ThestorybehindSarahOgilvie'sbook.SarahOgilvie的书背后的故事B.ThedetectivemethodsofSarahOgilvie.莎拉·奥吉维的侦探方法。C.LegendsoftheearlyOEDeditors.早期《牛津英语词典》编者的传奇。D.Murray'sroleineditingtheOED.Murray在编辑《牛津英语词典》中的角色。③TheoriginstoryofSarahOgilvie'sbookisalmostasimprobableasthatofthedictionaryitself.MsOgilvie,aformerscholarwhoservedasaneditorfortheOED,wentintothedocumentsofOxfordUniversityPressandcameacrossanoldnotebook.IthadbelongedtoMurrayandcontainedthenamesanddetailsofthedictionaryvolunteers,mostofwhomhadpreviouslybeenunknown.TheDictionaryPeopleisherworkofdetectivescholarship,bringingthelivesbehindthenamestoreaders.破题关键：①段首句（段落主旨）②原词对应【逐句翻译】①InJuly1915,severelytorturedbyhispoorhealth,JamesMurray,oneoftheearlyeditorsoftheOxfordEnglishDictionary（OED）,definedonefinalword.句子结构分析：severelytorture....做定语修饰JamesMurray；oneof...做同位语补充解释JM句意：1915年7月，被糟糕的健康状况严重折磨的詹姆斯·默里(JamesMurray)，牛津英语词典(OED)的早期编辑之一，定义了最后一个词。Afterhis36years'dedicationtothedictionary,hishardlabourhadtakenatoll.在他为这本词典奉献了36年之后，他的辛苦付出了代价。Knowinghewouldnotseetheprojectplete.他知道自己无法看到项目完成。②ThepoeticqualityofMurray'sfinaldaysisoneofthemanymemorabletalesinTheDictionaryPeople.穆雷最后几天的诗情画意是《字典人物》中众多令人难忘的故事之一。Beginningin1857,theOEDwasahugecrowdsourcingproject"theWikipediaofthe19thcentury"prising3,000people.句子结构分析：the...of...;prising...都是同位语补充修饰OED句意：从1857年开始，《牛津英语词典》是一个庞大的众包项目——“19世纪的维基百科”——由3000人组成。Theideawastocreatea"descriptive"dictionarythattrackedwords'useandmeaningovertime,unlikeits"prescriptive"18thcenturypredecessorbySamuelJohnson,whichtoldreadershowtosayandusewords.句子结构分析：unlike...是句子的比较状语；which引导定语从句修饰SamuelJohnson句意：他的想法是创建一本“描述性”词典，追踪单词的使用和含义，而不是像18世纪塞缪尔·约翰逊(SamuelJohnson)的“规定性”词典那样，告诉读者如何说和使用单词。Volunteersreadwidely,mailinginexamplesofhow"rare,oldfashioned,new,strange"wordswereused.句子结构分析：mailing做伴随状语，how引导宾语从句志愿者们广泛阅读，邮寄一些“罕见的、过时的、新的、奇怪的”词汇的例子。Whatissurprisingaboutthisfairlyrandommethodisthatitworked.句子结构分析：what引导主语从句令人惊讶的是，这种相当随机的方法居然奏效了。③TheoriginstoryofSarahOgilvie'sbookisalmostasimprobableasthatofthedictionaryitself.SarahOgilvie这本书的起源故事几乎和字典本身的故事一样难以置信。【固定搭配分析】As...as...和...一样Well,let'sgo.I'dliketoseeasaspossible.咱们去吧.我想尽可能多地看看.MsOgilvie,aformerscholarwhoservedasaneditorfortheOED,wentintothedocumentsofOxfordUniversityPressandcameacrossanoldnotebook.句子结构分析：who引导定语从句修饰scholar;aformerscholar做同位语解释MS,,,句意：奥吉尔维女士曾是一名学者，曾担任《牛津英语词典》的编辑，她在牛津大学出版社的文件中发现了一本旧笔记本。IthadbelongedtoMurrayandcontainedthenamesanddetailsofthedictionaryvolunteers,mostofwhomhadpreviouslybeenunknown.它属于默里，里面有词典志愿者的名字和详细信息，其中大多数人以前都不为人知。【固定搭配分析】Belongto...属于Hedidnotbelongtohissetoffriends.他与他那伙朋友不一样.TheDictionaryPeopleisherworkofdetectivescholarship,bringingthelivesbehindthenamestoreaders.句子结构分析：bringing做伴随状语分析《字典人物》是她的侦探学术作品，将名字背后的生活带给读者。④MsOgilvie'sbookisfullofintriguingstories.奥吉维女士的书中充满了有趣的故事【超纲词解析】Intriguingadj.有趣的;迷人的【记忆】in，进入，使，trig，琐事，繁琐，词源同trick，extricate.即卷进去的，引申词义激发，激起好奇心，同时，也用于指阴谋，密谋等。Thesediscoveriesraiseintriguingquestions.这些发现带来了非常有趣的问题。【固定搭配分析】Befullof充满...Theairseemedtobefullofpinkmist.空中弥漫着粉红色的雾.Thepresentationofthebookisunconventional,too,takingitsstructurefromtheworkitdescribes.句子结构分析：taking..做伴随状语句意：这本书的呈现方式也是非传统的，它的结构来自于它所描述的作品。Thereare26alphabeticalchapters,eachcelebratingagroupofcontributors（memorably,"K"isfor"kleptomaniac"peoplewhodesiretosteal）.全书有26个章节，按字母顺序排列，每个章节都颂扬一群贡献者(值得纪念的是，“K”代表渴望偷窃的“盗窃狂”)。Thisisacleverarrangement,thoughitsometimesmeansthatbroaderissuesemergeonlyinpieces.句子结构分析：though引导让步状语从句；that引导宾语从句句意：这是一个聪明的安排，尽管有时这意味着更广泛的问题只是零散地出现。⑤Essentially,thisisastoryaboutordinarypeople.本质上，这是一个关于普通人的故事。Itisconcreteproo