2024年人教版中考英语复习专题十二直接引语与间接引语

专题十二直接引语与间接引语（DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech）引述别人的话有两种方式：直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引号不用引号。陈述句直接引语如果是陈述句，变成间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省略），从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应变化。人称的变化Hesaid,“Ilikeitverymuch.”Hesaidthathelikeditverymuch.Hesaidtome,“I’veleftmybookinyourroom.”Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinmyroom.时态的变化※※如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化。如主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时态，从句的时态无需变化。直接引语转换成间接引语时时态的变化例句直接引语间接引语一般现在时→一般过去时“Idon'twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary,"saidAnne.Annesaidthatshedidn'twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary.现在进行时→过去进行时Theboysaid,"I'musingaknife."Theboysaidthathewasusingaknife.现在完成时→过去完成时Cellasaid,“IhavenotheardfromJordansinceMay."CellasaidthatshehadnotheardfromJordansinceMay.一般过去时→过去完成时Theysaid,“wesawherinthestreet."Theysaidthattheyhadseenherinthestreet.过去完成时不变Hesaid,"Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper."Hesaidthathehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforesupper.一般将来时→过去将来时ZhouLansaid,"I'lldoitafterclass."ZhouLansaidthatshewoulddoitafterclass.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化※※直接引语转换成间接引语时指示代词的变化例句直接引语间接引语this→thatThelawyersaid,"Iwillethismorning."Thelawyersaidthatshewouldethatmorning.these→thoseHesaid,"Thesebooksaremine."Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis.now→thenShesaid,"Itisnineo'clocknow."Shesaidthatitwasnineo'clockthen.ago→before/earlierBobsaid,“Mysisterwasherethreedaysago."Bobsaidthathissisterhadbeentherethreedaysbefore/earlier.today→thatdayDavidsaid,“Ihaven'tseenhertoday."Davidsaidthathehadn'tseenherthatday.yesterday→thedaybeforeShesaid,"Iwentthereyesterday."Shesaidthatshehadgonetherethedaybefore.tomorrow→thenext/followingdayShesaid,“I’llgotheretomorrow."Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethenext/followingday.thedayaftertomorrow→intwodays'timeThecaptainsaid,“Theywillarrivethedayaftertomorrow.”Thecaptainsaidthattheywouldarriveintwodays'time.e→gohere→therethedaybeforeyesterday→twodaysbefore/earlierShesaid,"Icameheretoseethedoctorthedaybeforeyesterday."Shesaidthatshehadgonetheretoseethedoctortwodaysbefore/earlier.tonight→thatnightnextweek→thenextweekbring→take说明：直接引语如果是客观真理，变成间接引语时，时态不变。如：Hesaid,“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.如果在当地转述，here不必改为there,动词e不必改为go,如果在当天转述,yesterday,Tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。直接引语是一般过去时，并且和具体的过去时间连用，时态不作改变。Shesaid,“Iwasbornin1995.”→Shesaidthatshewasbornin1995.祈使句转述祈使句时，要将祈使句的动词原形变成为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据句子的意思加上tell,ask,order等动词，如果祈使句为否定式，在不定式的前面加not。例如：Thehostesssaidtous,“Pleasesitdown.”Thehostessaskedustositdown.Fathersaidtohim,“Goaway!”Fatherorderedhimtogoaway.Mothersaidtome,“ebackbefore10:00.”Mothertoldmetogobackbefore10:00.Hesaid,“Don’tmakesomuchnoise,boys.”Hetoldtheboysnottomakesomuchnoise.若是以let’s开头的祈使句，则通常变为suggestdoing或“suggest+从句”的形式。疑问句直接引语如果是疑问句，变成间接引语时，要把疑问句语序变成陈述句语序（主语在谓语的前面）（※※），句末用句号，主语的人称、时态和状语等也要作相应的变化。一般疑问句：直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变成间接引语时，谓语动词是say或said时，要改为ask或asked,原问句变成由连词whether(或if)引导的宾语从句。没有间接宾语的，可以根据情况加上。例如：“Doyouthinkadiarycanbeeyourfriend?”thewritersays.Thewriterasksusifwethinkadiarycanbeeourfriend.Hesaid,“AreyouinterestedinEnglish?”Heasked(me)ifIwasinterestedinEnglish.Shesaid,“Didyouseehimlastnight?”Sheasked(me)whetherIhadseenhimthenightbefore.特殊疑问句：直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，仍用原来的疑问词引导。例如：特殊疑问词+陈述句语序（主+谓）“Whatdoyouwant?”heaskedme.HeaskedmewhatIwanted.“Whatdoyoucallyourdiary?”Anne’ssisteraskedher.Anne’ssisteraskedherwhatshecalledherdiary.“Whendidyougotobedlastnight?”FathersaidtoAnne.FatheraskedAnnewhenshewenttobedthenightbefore.练习将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1.“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.Hesaidthat______never______meat.2.“I’vefoundmywallet.”hesaidtome.He______methathe__________________wallet.3.“Itookithomewithme.”shesaid.Shesaidthat___________________ithomewithher.4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”Theteachersaidthatthesun______intheeastand______downinthewest.5.“Imetheryesterday.”hesaidtome.He______methathe______mettheday______.6.“Youmusteherebeforefive.”hesaid.HesaidthatI______togo______beforefive.7.“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”hesaid.Hesaidthathe_______boughtthehouse10years_______.8.“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.He____________Ihadseenhertheweek_______.9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”He______Jimthathe______sitthere10.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”Heaskedhermother__________________foundit.11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.Heaskedme_____________________been_______days.12.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.Heasked____________knewwhereshe______.13.“Stopma