2024年中考英语语法复习动词讲义

语法二动词考点总览及物动词—可直接接宾语例reachschool按能否直接实义接宾语分类不及物动词一不可直接接宾语例arriveatschool动词例workfor8hours,liveinBeijingfor10years按是否可延续性动词持续分类例buyabook,openthedoor非延续性动词状态系动词例be(am,语法二动词考点总览及物动词—可直接接宾语例reachschool按能否直接实义接宾语分类不及物动词一不可直接接宾语例arriveatschool动词例workfor8hours,liveinBeijingfor10years按是否可延续性动词持续分类例buyabook,openthedoor非延续性动词状态系动词例be(am,is,are,was,were)例seem,appear表象系动词动词系持续系动词例keep,stay,remain动词的分类变化系动词例get,bee,turn,go例feel,sound,look,taste,smell感官系动词助动词本身无词义或意义不完整,不能单独作谓语例be,do,have,shall,will情态动词表示说话人的情感和语气,后接动词原形can/could,may/might,will/would,mneed,shall,should,usedto,hadbetter一般现在时“am/is/are+其他”或“动词原形/单三+其他”一般过去时“was/were+其他”或“动词过去式+其他”六种常一般将来时“am/is/aregoingto+动词原形”或“will+动词原形”用时态动词现在进行时“am/is/are+现在分词+其他”高频过去进行时“was/were+现在分词+其他”动词的时现在完成时“have/has+过去分词+其他”态和语态般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are+done”被动般过去时的被动语态“was/were+done”语态般将来时的被动语态“willbe+done”或“am/is/aregoingtobe+done”高频动词原形”在句中作定语、宾语补足语和目的状语动词不定式“to+非谓语在句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语+动词的ing形式“v.+ing”动词+动词的ed形式“v.+ed”在句中作定语语法一致原则主语和谓语动词在语法形式上保持一致+主谓意义一致原则主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单复数意义一致就近一致原则谓语动词的人称和数与邻近的名词或代词保持一致14滚动迁移中考总复习英语考点精讲第1讲动词的分类动词是用来描述主语的动作、行为或状态的词。根据动词的句法功能可将动词分为：实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词。考点一实义动词实义动词是指具有完整意义，可以单独作谓语的动词，主要表示主语发出的动作或所处的状态。1.按能否直接接宾语，分为及物动词和不及物动词。分类用法举例及物动词动词+宾语IloveEnglish.我爱英语。动词+宾语+宾补WecallherMary.我们叫她玛丽。动词+间接宾语+直接宾语MayIaskyousomequestions?我可以问你一些问题吗?不及物动词本身意义完整，无需接宾语Atrafficaccidenthappened.发生了一起交通事故。需加适当介词，后接宾语Thebabyissmilingatussweetly.婴儿正对着我们甜甜地笑。小贴士(1)间接宾语放在直接宾语后，可转化成“动词+sth.+to+sb.”的及物动词，常考的词有：give提供，给;sell出售,卖;offer主动提出;teach教,讲授;pass给,递;show展示;lend借给,借出;promise承诺;tell告诉,讲述例如:Shegavehertickettothewomanatthecheckindesk她把票递给了登机手续服务处的女士。(2)间接宾语放在直接宾语后，可转化成“动词+sth.+for+sb.”的及物动词，常考的词有：buy购买，买;cook烹饪,煮;choose选择;prepare使做好准备;keep保持,保留例如:Didshebuyanythingforherbestfriend?她给她最好的朋友买东西了吗?(3)间接宾语放在直接宾语后，有时可转化成既可加to也可加for的及物动词，常考的词有：bring带来;sing唱歌;read读;get取得例如:Thelittleboyreadtheletterto/forhisgrandmother.那个小男孩为他的奶奶读了那封信。2.按是否可持续，分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。分类用法举例延续性动词和表示一段时间的状语连用，表示一种可持续的行为过程或状态Wehaveworkedfor8hours.我们已经工作八小时了。Iwasreadingwhilemybrotherwasstudyingforatest.我正在看书，而我哥哥正在为考试而学习。非延续性动词表示动作或过程是短暂瞬间完成的，表示行为的结果Hisgrandpadiedayearago.他爷爷一年前过世了。Iboughtitaweekago.我一周前买了它。语法二动词15小贴士常见的非延续性动词和与之相应的延续性动词非延续性动词(短语)延续性动词(短语)非延续性动词(短语)延续性动词(短语)beebecatchacoldhaveacoldbegin/startbeondiebedeadborrowkeepjoinbeinbuyhaveleavebeaway■对点训练takelookexercisewarnsticktrustdependcollectputaccept一、请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空1(2023福建改编)Heissohonestamanthatweallhim2(2023四川自贡改编)KeeptryingSuccessonhardwork3(2023天津改编)Tokeephealthy,Daming'sgrandparentsinaparkeveryday4(2023湖北鄂州改编)Itmeonly20minutestogotoWuhanbyhighspeedtrain5(2023辽宁抚顺改编)Lindalikestopensandshehashadallkindsofpenssofar6(2023湖南岳阳改编)Theteachertellsstudentstoupnewwordsinadictionary7(2023山东滨州改编)OurparentsoftenusnottotalkwithstrangersontheInternet8(2023山东滨州改编)WangYapingisagreatwomanwhocantoherdreamsIreallylookuptoher.9(2023辽宁本溪改编)MrLimyinvitationhappilyyesterdayandhewilletotheparty.10(2023江苏扬州改编)Papercuttingsof“doublehappiness”areoftenupinthemarriedcouple'shometobringgoodwishes.二、单句填空1Don'talwaysyourselfwithothers,oryoumayhavemuchstress2SallyusuallyherbedaftershegetsupSheisquiteindependent3Ourfamilydecidedtoputoffthetripandathometomorrowbecauseoftheheavyrain4PlanAdoesn'twork,sowehavetoourplanHopefully,PlanBwillgoonsmoothly5Thefarmerfreshfruitatalowprice,sohisfruitstoreispopularwiththelocalvillagers三、语篇练语法原创givetrygetthinkfollowsaveseeMydogBertonwasthebestdog.Afterheleftus,Icouldn'thelpcryingwheneverI16滚动迁移中考总复习英语1.otherdogs.Welivednearabusyroad.Onemorning,around4a.m.,withoutourprotection,mytwoyearoldson2togetoutofhisbedroomwhileweweresleepingBertondidn’t3oursonwasallowedtogothroughthefrontdoorwithoutusThus(因此)he4himUnluckily,Bertonwaskilledbyacarelesstruckdriverbyaccidentlaterinorderto5oursonBertongaveusallhehadbutwecouldneverreturnhislove考点二系动词系动词，也称作连系动词(LinkingVerb)，本身有词义，但是不能单独作谓语，需要和其后面的表语连接起来才能构成谓语。中考常考系动词总结：分类及用法举例状态系动词be(am,is,are,was,were)表示主语状态，常考be与人称的搭配、时态、单复数IamChinese.(接名词或名词短语)我是中国人。Thebookismine.(接代词)这本书是我的。Itiseleven.(接数词)它是十一。Playingbasketballisinteresting.(接形容词)打篮球是有趣的。Theyhavebeenhere.(接副词或副词短语)他们来过这里。Myparentsarenotathome.(接介词短语)我父母不在家。Mydreamistobeapoliceman.(接不定式或不定式短语)我的梦想是当一名警察。Myfavoritesportisrunning.(接动词ing形式或动词ing形式短语)我最喜爱的运动是跑步。TheproblemisthatIlivetoofarfromschool.(接句子,称为“表语从句”)问题是我住得离学校太远了。表象系动词seem,appear表示主语“看起来(像)”Itseemed/appearedtowork.(接不定式或不定式短语)它似乎奏效。Youseem/appearhappy.(接形容词)你似乎很开心。Itseems/appearsagoodidea.(接名词或名词短语)它似乎是个好主意。Itseems/appearsthathedoesn'tknowwhatheisdoing.(接句子)他似乎不知道自己在做什么。持续系动词keep,stay,remain表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度Ihopeyoucankeep/stayhealthy.(接形容词)我希望你能保持健康。Thepollutionremainsabigproblem.(接名词或名词短语)污染仍是一个大问题。变化系动词get,bee,turn,go表示主语变成什么样Whenautumnes,daysgetshorter.(接形容词比较级)当秋天来临的时候，白天变短了。Ourschoolisbeingmoreandmorebeautiful.(接形容词比较级)我们的学校变得越来越漂亮了。Theleavesturnred.(接形容词)树叶变红了。语法二动词17

续表分类及用法举例感官系动词feel,sound,look,taste,smell表示五种感官对应的感受,指“……起来”Thecaketastesgood.(接形容词)这个蛋糕尝起来不错。Itsoundslikeagoodchoice.(+like+名词短语)听起来是个不错的选择。■对点训练一、请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空appearsmellturnlooksound1(2023辽宁丹东改编)Dad,whatareyoucooking?Itsogood2(2023黑龙江牡丹江改编)YourskirtsospecialIsitahorsefaceskirt?3Theleavesarebrownwhenautumnes4.InAfrica,mostchildrenfrompoorfamiliesdidn’thaveenoughfoodandtheyalwaystobehungry5Thenewsthat3Dprintingcouldbeusedtobuildahouseinlessthan24hoursamazing.二、语篇练语法原创seemtastefeelmakegetlookkeepWhensummeres,theweatherbeesveryhotAndthedays1longerllikethehotdaysbecauseIcangoswimming.Ithinkswimmingisagoodwayformeto2healthyAndwhenI'minthewater,I3goodButnotallthepeopleliketogooutsideonhotdaysIt4likeagoodideatostayathomeandeaticecreaminsummerAlthoughit'salittleunhealthy,it5deliciousEnjoyingfoodisawonderfulwaytospendthesummer.考点三助动词助动词本身无词义或意义不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须和别的动词连用，帮助其构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等。常见的助动词有：be(与动词构成时态或语态时是助动词),do,have,shall,will等。类别用法举例be(am/is/are/was/were)构成进行时态Iamdoingmyhomeworkatthemoment.我现在正在写作业。构成被动语态Theflowersarewateredeveryday.花每天都被浇水。18滚动迁移中考总复习英语续表类别用法举例do/does/did构成疑问句Doyoulovemovies?你喜欢电影吗?构成否定句Hedoesn'tlikeaskinghisparentsforhelp.他不喜欢向父母求助。加强语气Shedoeslovepopmusic.她的确喜欢流行音乐。代替前面出现过的动词ShedancesaswellasIdo.她跳得和我一样好。have/has/had构成完成时态Ihaven'thadlunchyet.我还没有吃午饭。shall/willshall用于第一人称,构成一般将来时Shallwegototheparktomorrow?我们明天去公园好吗?will用于各种人称，构成一般将来时Hewillgotoseeafilmtonight.他今晚会去看电影。对点训练一、请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空isdohavearewill1(2023甘肃白银改编)yourecognize(认出)thatmaninthewhiteTshirtyesterday?2(2023辽宁抚顺改编)AnnlookingthroughhernotesforherEnglishexamnow3(2023四川泸州改编)I’msureyougetalongwithyourclassmatesifyouarefriendlytothem.4(2023葫芦岛改编)Theboystalkingabouttheexcitingsoccergamewhentheteachercamein.5(2023江苏扬州改编)IbeeninChinaforthreemonthsandthisisthefirsttimeI'vetriedonHanfu.二、语篇练语法(用括号里所给词的正确形式填空)原创IcamebackfromBritainaweekagoI1(have)studiedandworkedtherefor10yearsNow,IliveinGuangzhouwhichismyhometownIt2(have)beenoneofthemostimportantcitiesinourcountrysincelastcentury.IlikeGuangzhoumuchmorethanbeforeI3(be)goingtovisitavillagenearbythisweekendforIwanttogivepoorfamiliessupportMeanwhile,I4(will)bringsomebooks,toysandnewclothestothemThosewhoareinneedand5(do)haveenoughmoneycangetthemforfree.Ifyou'reinterestedinthisactivity,youcanjoinwithmenexttime.语法二动词19考点四情态动词情态动词表示说话人的情感和语气，如需要、可能、意愿、怀疑等。在形式上，情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化，不单独使用，其后接动词原形。分类用法举例can/could表示可能性常用于否定句与疑问句中，could既可以表示过去的可能性，又可以表示现在的可能性，语气更弱些Hecan'tbeathome.ItissaidthathehasgonetoJapan.他不可能在家。据说他到日本去了。Hesaidthenewscouldbetrue.他说消息可能是真的。表示能力can一般指体力、知识、技能等方面的能力；could表示过去的能力Sheisonlyfive,butshecanread.她只有5岁，但她已经会阅读了。IcouldplaythepianowhenIwasonlysix.我刚六岁就能弹钢琴了。表示请求或允许当没有把握得到允许或需要委婉地表达时用could；当允许别人做某事时，答语用can而不用could—CouldIuseyourputer?我可以用你的电脑吗?—Yes,youcan./No,youcan't.是的，你可以。/不，你不能。may/might表示可以做某事用may/might均可,might语气更委婉,might也是may的过去式Youmay/mightdrivethecar.你可以开那辆汽车。表示请求、允许做某事否定答语mustn’t表示“禁止；绝不可以”—May/CanIein?我可以进来吗?—Yes,please./No,youcan't./No,youmustn't.是的，你可以。/不，你不可以。/不，绝不行。表示推测表示把握性不大的推测，意为“或许;大概”,might的可能性低于mayItmay/mightraintomorrow.明天可能下雨。(may可能性比might大一些)will/would表示意愿表示自愿做或主动提出做某事，可用于各种人称，would是will的过去式Willyoupleasepassthebooktome?请把那本书递给我好吗?Mybrothersaidhewouldhelpmetosolvetheproblem.我哥哥说他会帮助我解决这个问题。must表示必须强调说话者的主观语气，即说话者认为有必要或有义务做某事。对其一般疑问句的肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t或者don’thaveto—MustIgotomorrow?明天我必须去吗?—Yes,youmust./No,youneedn't./No,youdon'thaveto.是的，你必须去。/不，你不用去。表示推测指有把握的、有根据的推测，只能用于肯定句ThismustbeLucy'sroom.这一定是露西的房间。need作情态动词多用于否定句和疑问句中，无人称和数的变化，后接动词原形，在need引起的一般疑问句中，肯定回答用must或haveto,否定回答用needn't—NeedIhandinthereporttomorrow?我需要明天交报告吗?—Yes,youmust./No,youneedn't.是的，你需要。/不，你没必要。20滚动迁移中考总复习英语续表分类用法举例need作实义动词有人称和数的变化，后接带to的不定式Asstudents,weneedtofinishourhomeworkontime.作为学生，我们需要按时完成作业。shall表示征求意见或提出请求多用于第一人称征求对方意见WhatshallIwearatmybirthdayparty?在我的生日宴会上我该穿什么好呢?should表示义务、责任等表示说话者的观点，可用于各种人称Youshouldgotoclassrightaway.你应该马上去上课。usedto表示“过去常常做某事”后接动词原形,beusedtodoingsth.表示“习惯做某事”Iusedtogetuplate,butnowIamusedtogettingupearly.我过去常很晚起床，但是现在我习惯了早起。hadbetter表示劝告、建议后接动词原形，指“最好做某事”,否定形式为hadbetternotdosth.Youhadbetterstayhere.你最好待在这里。Youhadbetternotdothat.你最好不要那样做。对点训练一、请从方框内选择适当的词填空needn'tmustcanmightcan't1(2023河北改编)Ifwefindabetterway,we’llfinishthejobfaster2(2023四川成都改编)Youranswerberight,butI'mgoingtochecktomakesure3(2023湖北荆州改编)Youtakethesubwaytotheairport,forIcandriveyoutheredirectly.4(2023天津改编)I’mafraidIgotoTianjinUniversitytomorrowI’llworkasavolunteerinmymunity.5(2023山东滨州改编)ThepapercuttingisprettylivelyItbeMarywhomadeitNoneofusexceptherisabletodoit.二、语篇练语法原创needn'tmustwillmustn'tcan'tmightneedAsagroupleader,it'sTony'sdutytohelphisEnglishteacherhandouttheexercisebooks.Buttoday,there'sabookwithoutanameonitscover.Thehandwritinginitisneat(工整的)andtheexercisesgetfullmarksWho1itbelongto?Itcan'tbelongtoaboy,becausenoneoftheminhisgroupcanwritesoneatly.Thebook2belongtoagirlThereareonlythreegirlswhoaregoodathandwritingIt3beKelly's,becauseshealreadyhashersinherhandItmightbelongtoGina,butsheisnotsogoodatEnglishTodayMayisillathomeandshe4etoschooltomorrow,soitmustbelongtoherTony5askhertodayAndheisnolongerworried语法二动词21第2讲动词的时态和语态时态是句子的谓语动词根据其所发生的时间和所处的状态而呈现出的不同形式。语态是动词的一种形式，用于说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。如果主语是动作的执行者，使用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，使用被动语态。考点一六种常用时态1.一般现在时结构用法举例(1)be动词:肯定句:主语+am/is/are+其他否定句:主语+amnot/isn't/aren’t+其他(2)实义动词:肯定句：主语+动词原形/单三+其他否定句:主语+don't/doesn't+动词原形+其他表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态、特征Hegoestoschoolbybuseveryday.他每天坐公交车去上学。表示普遍真理或客观事实Lighttravelsfasterthansound.光传播得比声音快。在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中，常用一般现在时表将来Ifyougototheparty,youwillhaveagreattime.如果你去参加聚会，你会玩得很开心。按时刻表、日历等发生的事，常用一般现在时ThetrainforWuhanleavesatseveninthemorning.开往武汉的火车早上七点离开。标志词:everyday/year/...,onweekends,onSundays,sometimes,usually,never,often,always,seldom,once/twice/...aweek等2.一般过去时结构用法举例(1)be动词:肯定句:主语+was/were+其他否定句:主语+wasn't/weren't+其他(2)实义动词:肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其他否定句:主语+didn’t+动词原形+其他过去经常或反复发生的动作WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedthatgame.当我还是个孩子的时候，我经常玩那个游戏。表示过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态、特征Hewenttoschoolbybuslastterm.他上学期坐公交车上学。标志词:yesterday,lastyear/week/...,in2009,threeweeks/...ago,justnow,inthepast等3.一般将来时结构用法举例(1)be动词:肯定句:主语+am/is/aregoingto+动词原形+其他否定句:主语+amnot/isn't/aren'tgoingto+动词原形+其他(2)情态动词:肯定句:主语+will/shall+动词原形+其他否定句:主语+won't/shallnot+动词原形+其他表示在将来某个时间要发生的动作、存在的状态Iwillgowithyou.我会和你一起去的。Heisgoingtowatchamovietonight.他今晚要去看电影。标志词:tomorrow,nextweek/month/…,soon,infivedays等22滚动迁移中考总复习英语小贴士will还可以表示对将来的预测。am/is/aregoingto还可以表示“决心;打算”例如:Whatwilltheweatherbeliketomorrow?明天的天气怎么样?Iamgoingtostudyhardthisterm.这个学期我要努力学习。现在进行时结构用法举例肯定句:主语+am/is/are+现在分词+其他否定形式:主语+amnot/isn't/aren't+现在分词+其他表示此刻正在进行的动作Look!Theyareplayingoverthere.看！他们正在那边玩。表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态Iamstudyinghardthesedays.我最近在努力地学习。e,go,leave,arrive,start等表示位置移动的动词，常用现在进行时表将来，表示动作很快要发生MydadisleavingforGuangzhou.我爸爸马上要去广州。现在进行时与always连用，表示赞扬、批评等感情色彩Heisalwaysspeakinginclass.他上课总是讲话。标志词:now,listen,look,while,atthemoment,thesedays等5.过去进行时结构用法举例肯定句:主语+was/were+现在分词+其他否定句:主语+wasn't/weren't+现在分词+其他表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态Theywereplayingbasketballthistimeyesterday.昨天这个时候他们正在打篮球。Whatwereyoudoingwhentherainstormcame?暴风雨来的时候你在做什么?表示过去某时间段内正在进行的动作或存在的状态Whatwashedoinginthosedays?那些日子他在做什么呢?过去两个动作同时进行，用while连接Hewasdoinghishomeworkwhilehismomwascookinginthekitchen.他(那时)正在做功课，而他妈妈在厨房里做饭。标志词:atthistimeyesterday,atthattime,allnight,attenlastnight,when/while引导的时间状语从句等小贴士1.与一般过去时的使用区别：Iwaswritingaletteryesterdaymorning.(强调动作,信是否写完不知道)昨天早上我在写一封信。Iwrotealetteryesterdaymorning.(强调结果,信写完了)昨天早上我写了一封信。2.while从句中的动词要用延续性动词，表示时间段；when从句中可用延续性动词或非延续性动词，可以表示时间段，也可以表示时间点，还可以表示突然性。例如:Iwaswalkingintheparkwhenitbegantorain.我正在公园里散步,天突然开始下雨。While/Whenhewasdoinghishomework,thedooropened.当他正在做作业时,门开了。语法二动词236.现在完成时结构用法举例肯定句:主语+have/has+过去分词+其他否定句:主语+havent/hasn’t+过去分词+其他表示动作发生在过去并已结束，但对现在有影响(过去对现在)Hehasturnedthelightoff.他已把灯关了。(灯现在是关闭的状态。)表示动作开始于过去，一直延续到现在甚至将来(过去到现在)Hehaslivedheresince1978.自从1978年以来，他就住在这里。标志词:already,yet,ever,never,just,before,sofar,inthepast/lastfewyears,recently,overtheyears等小贴士since&fora.since+时间点例如:since1989since+时间段+ago例如:since2yearsagosince+一般过去时的句子例如:IhavelearnedEnglishsinceIwaseight.我从8岁起就开始学习英语。b.for+时间段例如:HehasbeeninBeijingfor3days.他在北京已经三天了。●have/hasgoneto,have/hasbeento,have/hasbeenina.have/hasgoneto…到……去了(已去未回)have/hasbeento...曾经去过………(已去已回)have/hasbeenin…在某地待……多久(与for/since连用)例如:MaryhasgonetoBeijing.玛丽到北京去了。(在路上或者在北京)MaryhasbeentoBeijingthreetimes.玛丽去过北京三次。(现在不在北京)MaryhasbeeninBeijingforthreeyears.玛丽已经在北京待了三年了。b.后接副词时，需省略介词例如:Hehasbeenabroadforfiveyears.他出国五年了。Hasshebeentherebefore?她以前去过那里吗?already&yeta.already用于肯定句,常用于句中。例如:Ihavealreadyreadthisbook.我已经读过这本书了。b.yet用于否定句和疑问句，常用于句末。例如:Thewomanhasn'tfoundherwatchyet.那位女士还没有找到她的手表。●inthepast&inthepast+数词+时间单位inthepast用于一般过去时,inthepast+数词+时间单位(如:inthepastthreeyears,inthepastfewyears),用于现在完成时。例如:Theylivedahardlifeinthepast.他们过去过着艰苦的生活。GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinainthepastfewyears.过去的几年里中国发生了巨大的变化。●特定句型:Itis+一段时间+since.../Ithasbeen+一段时间+since...例如:Itis/hasbeen5yearssincewelastmet.自从上一次我们见面到现在已经五年了。24滚动迁移中考总复习英语■对点训练一、请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空givewatchplaygoeatstudysingrainfailread.1(2023河北改编)IiceskatingthisSundayDoyouwanttoe?2(2023河北改编)ThisbookmustbegreatMysisteritfivetimessofar3(2023甘肃白银改编)ThatwasthebestmealIinalongtime4(2023天津改编)WhileweanEnglishsong,somevisitorscametoourclass5(2023山东滨州改编)Sorry,Ican'thearyouclearlyIafootballmatch6(2023湖南怀化改编)Look!OurChineseteacheratalkinthemeetingroom7(2023湖北武汉改编)JessicaeverynightbeforeherChinesetestandgotgoodresults.8(2023四川成都改编)I'msorryIdidn'tansweryourphonebecauseIthepianoatthattime.9(2023湖北黄石改编)ThereisgoingtobeavolleyballgamenextSaturdayIfit,we'llhavetoputitoff.10.(2023四川泸州改编)IwillmissMrs.Chenthemostaftergraduation,becausesheencouragedmealotwhenItheEnglishexam二、单句填空1Hehissisterwithherlessonstomorrow2JohntospeakChinesefor3yearsandhecanspeakitwellnow3AsafamousTVreporter,Jennymanybigeventsinthiscityeveryday4Whentheteachergotintotheclassroom,TomanovelwrittenbyLuXun5ThestudentsherehavegoodmannersTheyhandspolitelywhentheymetthestudentsfromotherschoolsyesterday.三、语篇练语法原创tellkeepplayistalkaskdoJackishelpful.Heisalwaysreadytohelpotherstudentsinhisclass.Thisweek,hewillalsodoso,becauseMarch5th1theofficial“LeiFengDay”HeoncegotaprizeforwhathehaddoneAndhehas2doingsuchkindofthingssincethen.WhenJackenteredtheoffice,someteacherswere3abouthimTheywereveryhappytoseehimand4himthattheyhadalreadydecidedtochoosehimagaintogetanotherprizeWiththeencouragement,Jackthinksthathewill5betterbecausetherearemanypeoplesupportinghim.Hewantstokeepimprovinghimself.语法二动词25考点二被动语态如果主语是动作的执行者，使用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则使用被动语态。例如:Hewrotethebook.他写了这本书。(主语He是谓语动词wrote的执行者)Thebookwaswrittenbyhim.这本书是由他写的。(主语Thebook是谓语动词waswritten的承受者)1.课标要求掌握的三种时态的被动语态时态结构举例一般现在时肯定式：am/is/are+done(过去分词)否定式：amnot/isn't/aren't+done(过去分词)Thebridgeisbuiltbyus.这座桥是我们建造的。一般过去时肯定式：was/were+done(过去分词)否定式：wasn't/weren't+done(过去分词)Thebridgewasbuiltbyuslastyear.这座桥是我们去年建造的。一般将来时肯定式：willbe+done(过去分词)am/is/aregoingtobe+done(过去分词)否定式：willnotbe/won'tbe+done(过去分词)amnot/isn't/aren'tgoingtobe+done(过去分词)Thebridgewillbebuiltbyusintwoyears.这座桥将在两年后由我们建造。2.被动语态的注意事项注意事项举例系动词如smell,look,sound,feel,seem,taste等，没有被动语态Thedressonyoulooksverybeautiful.你穿的这条裙子很好看。绝大部分及物动词有被动语态Manytreesareplantedonbothsidesoftheroad.这条路的两边种了许多树。不及物动词(短语)如:rise,happen,takeplace,succeed,remain,lie等,没有被动语态Thesunrisesasusual.太阳照常升起。不及物动词+介词构成的动词短语，可以有被动语态Thechildrenarelookedafterwellinthekindergarten.孩子们在幼儿园被照顾得很好。write,sell等词常用主动表被动Thenewproductsellswell.这款新产品卖得很好。Thepenwritessmoothly.这支笔写字很流畅。主语+动词(感官动词/使役动词)+宾语+(宾补)，变成被动语态时则要变成：主语+bedone+todo主动语态：Thebossmakestheworkerswork12hoursaday.老板让工人们每天工作12小时。被动语态：Theworkersaremadetowork(bytheboss)12hoursaday.工人们被(老板)要求每天工作12小时。26滚动迁移中考总复习英语对点训练一、请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空providebuildlearnshowgive1(2023天津改编)SomephotosofthemoonintheSpaceClubnextweek.2(2023河北改编)Breakfasteverydayforpeopleagedover60forfreeinthisvillage.3(2023黑龙江改编)ManyresearchlabsinthefuturetodevelopscienceandtechnologyinChina.4(2023江西改编)HouYimagicmedicineforshootingdownthe9sunsHowever,PangMengtriedtostealit.5.(2023四川凉山改编)We’resoproudthatChinaisgettingstrongerandstronger.AndChinesebymoreandmoreforeignersnowadays二、单句填空1Thebookintomanyotherlanguageslastyear2Tomaketheenvironmentmuchbetter,moretreesnextyear.3Theoldhousesinthevillagewhitebyallthevillagerslastweek4GermanbymostpeopleinGermany,andmanycanspeakEnglish,too5Fishinginordertoprotecttheecosystem(生态系统)oftheriversinourcity三、语篇练语法原创makebuycallthrowknoweatinventDoyouknowxun(埙)?Itis1oneoftheoldestmusicalinstrumentsinChinaIthasahistoryofatleast7,000yearsLetmetellyouhowitwas2Theideaofxuncamefromahuntingtool.Inancienttimes,peopleoftentiedastonetotheropeandthrewittohuntanimals.Someofthestoneswerehollow(空心的).Whentheywere3,theycouldmakeaspecialsoundTohavefun,peopleinventedthemusicalinstrumentxunAtfirst,peopleusedstonesorbonestomakexunNow,itis4ofclay(陶土)monlyInthefuture,Ihopexunwillbe5bymorepeopleI'dliketosharemoreinformationaboutitwithyou.第3讲非谓语动词非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括动词不定式、动词的ing形式和动词的ed形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。语法二动词27考点一动词不定式基本形式：to+动词原形，有时也会见到省略to的不定式；其否定式为：not+(to+)动词原形。1.动词不定式作宾语结构举例动词+动词不定式Heplanstogoforapicnic.他打算去野餐。形容词+动词不定式Robotsareabletoserveintherestaurant.机器人可以在餐厅里服务。疑问词+动词不定式Idon'tknowhowtogettotherailwaystation.我不知道怎样去火车站。Shetoldmewheretofindthebank.她告诉我在哪里可以找到银行。2.动词不定式作宾语补足语和目的状语成分举例作宾语补足语Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.露西让他把收音机的音量关小。作目的状语Theyranovertoweletheforeignguests.他们跑过去欢迎外宾。3.动词不定式的注意事项注意事项举例常见的动词不定式作宾语的动词afford,agree,choose,continue,decide,expect,fail,hope,learn,manage,mean,need,offer,plan,prefer,promise,refuse,want,wish等常见的接动词不定式作宾语补足语(+sb.todosth)的动词advise,allow,ask,expect,force,invite,tell,want,wish,encourage,teach,wouldlike等有些动词后面既可以接不定式，又可以接动词ing形式，意义没有明显区别begintodo/doingsth.开始做某事starttodo/doingsth.开始做某事hatetodo/doingsth.讨厌做某事love/liketodo/doingsth.热爱/喜欢做某事有些动词后面既可以接不定式，又可以接动词ing形式，意义区别较大remembertodosth.记得做某事(还未做)rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事(做过了)forgettodosth.忘记做某事(还未做)forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事(做过了)regrettodosth.对要做的事遗憾(还未做)regretdoingsth.后悔做过某事(做过了)trytodosth.努力做某事trydoingsth.尝试做某事stoptodosth.停下来去做某事stopdoingsth.停止做某事有些动词后面的不定式既可带to，也可不带to，意义没有明显区别helptodosth.=helpdosth.有助于做某事28滚动迁移中考总复习英语续表注意事项举例主语+谓语+it(形式宾语)+形容词宾补+不定式(真正的宾语)结构中谓语动词常为find,think,feel等IfounditdifficulttolearnEnglish.我发现学英语很难。有些感官动词(hear,see,feel,watch,notice)和使役动词(let,make,have)等后面的动词不定式作宾语补足语时，省略toIheardhimsinginthenextroom.我听到他在隔壁房间唱歌了。Thebossmadethemworkdayandnight.老板让他们日夜工作。有些感官动词后面，既可以接do作宾补，又可以接doing作宾补Iheardhimsingasong.(强调动作已完成)我听到他唱了一首歌。Iheardhimsingingasong.(强调动作正在进行)我听到他正在唱歌。4.动词不定式的其他固定句式结构举例Itisone'sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事了Itisyourturntotellastory.轮到你讲故事了。Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth.花费某人一段时间做某事Ittookmehalfanhourtodomyhomeworkyesterday.昨天做作业花了我半小时。It's+形容词(+for+sb.)+todosth.(对某人来说)做某事……Itisverydifficultformetoliftthebox.对我来说要抬起这个箱子很困难。It's+形容词+of+sb.+todosth.此句型中的形容词是表示人的性格、品质等的词,如polite,unkind,kind,nice,clever,careful,careless等Itwascarelessofyoutodothat.你那样做太粗心了。主语+系动词+表语+todoThequestioniseasytoanswer.这个问题容易回答。Theboyisdifficulttogetonwith.这个男孩难以相处。+考点二动词的ing形式句子结构句法功能举例肯定式:v.+ing否定式:not+v.+ing作主语Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实。作表语Hishobbyispainting.他的爱好是绘画。作宾语Heenjoysgoingforawalkaftersupper.他喜欢在饭后散步。作定语Hemaybeinthereadingroom.(前置定语)他可能在阅览室里。Thegirlsingingnowisaclassmateofmine.(后置定语)现在唱歌的女孩是我的同学。作状语Hesatatthedesk,readingamagazine.他坐在桌子旁看杂志。小贴士1.当need,require,want作“需要”讲时,后加v.+ing就等于后加不定式的被动式。例如:Thewindowsneedcleaning.=Thewindowsneedtobecleaned.窗户需要擦一擦了。2.常见可接doingsth.的动词(短语)有:consider,finish,practice,mind,avoid,miss,havetrouble/difficulty(in),bebusy,giveup,feellike,keepon,lookforwardto,prefer…to…,be/getusedto等。语法二动词29+考点三动词的ed形式句子结构句法功能举例v.+ed作定语IknowamancalledLiJinlin.我认识一个叫李金林的人。对点训练一、请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空writejoinprepareshowreadanswer1(2023云南改编)TodayisFather'sDay,andIplanabigdinnerformyfather2(2023四川达州改编)ThebookisfantasticandIamlookingforwardtoitagain3(2023四川自贡改编)WearetoldnotthephonewhilecrossingthestreetIt'sdangerous.4(2023江苏扬州改编)Scienceismyfavoritesubject,soIhavepreparedtheSTEAMClub.5(2023四川达州改编)Theteachersusedtokeypointsontheblackboard,butnowtheyaregettingusedtothemthroughPPTs二、语篇练语法takehelpthankbeeexpresstrymakeVolunteers(志愿者)canbepeopleofallagesThereisateam1upofnineoldwomeninChongqingTheyarebetween66and74Theyvolunteer2careof25studentsfromaprimaryschool.Theypickupthestudentsfromtheschool,andhelpthemwiththeirhomework.DuringtraditionalChineseholidays,thestudents’parentsvisittheteammemberswiththeirkids3theirthanksDengLihong,66,isamemberoftheteamShesaiditmadeherboringlife4interestingandshefeltrelaxedwhenstayingwiththekidsShehopes5asmanykidsasshecaninthefuture.Itisverymeaningful.+第4讲主谓一致主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致有以下三条原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。1.语法一致原则主语和谓语动词在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。30滚动迁移中考总复习英语谓语主语举例单数单数可数名词Themanagerisgoingtoadinnerpartytonight.经理今晚要参加一个晚宴。不可数名词Lotsofadviceistakenbytheleaders.领导们采纳了很多建议。each…andeach…,every…andevEachmanandeachwomanisaskedtohelp.每一个人都被要求帮忙。either,neither,each,theother,another,somebody,someone,something,anybody,anyone,anything,everybody,ev|eryone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing等不定代词Everyoneisreadyforthesportsmeeting.大家都为运动会做好准备了。单个的不定式Toworkhardisnecessary.努力工作是必须的。单个的动名词Eatingmorevegetablesisgoodforyourhealth.多吃蔬菜对你的健康有好处。oneof/thenumberof+可数名词复数Thenumberofafterschoolactivitiesisincreasingeveryyear.课外活动的数量每年都在增加。复数复数可数名词Someflowersareredinthegarden.花园里一些花是红色的。and和both…and…连接的并列成分BothTomandMikearemyfriends.汤姆和迈克都是我的朋友。anumberof+可数名词复数Anumberofafterschoolactivitiesareonthelistforstudentstochoose.许多课外活动都在清单上供学生选择。视情况而定主语后带有with,togetherwith,aswellas,nolessthan,alongwith,besides,except,but,like,including等词语时,谓语动词的单复数由词语前的名词的单复数决定HeaswellasIwantstogoboating.他和我都想去划船。定语从句中谓语动词的单复数应与先行词的单复数保持一致Ipreferthemoviesthatgivemesomethingtothinkabout.我更喜欢让我思考的电影。2.意义一致原则主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单复数意义，而不是语法上的单复数形式，这就是意义一致原则。谓语主语举例单数表示时间、距离、价值、重量等的名词作主语时，通常看作一个整体Tenyuanisenough.10元足够了。Threeyearshaspassedquickly.三年的时间很快过去了。语法二动词31续表谓语主语举例单数有些复数形式的名词。常见的有：抽象名词(例如：news)、学科名词(例如：maths,physics)、专有名词(例如:TheUnitedNations)Physicsisveryinteresting.Wealllikeit.物理很有意思，我们