2024年中考英语语法-宾语从句

语法专题12宾语从句教师版语法专题12宾语从句教师版【定义】宾语从句指在复合句中充当宾语的从句，常常位于及物动词或介词之后，作宾语。宾语从句的引导词是由宾语从句的句子类型决定的，宾语从句中的时态由主句中谓语动词的时态来决定。宾语从句三要苏:引导词；语序；时态宾语从句引导词有1）连词that/whether/if，2）关系代词what/who/whose/which3）关系副词when/where/how/why等。宾语从句的语序【知识归纳】宾语从句的引导词引导词用法例句that本身无意义，只起连接作用(口语中可省去)当宾语从句是陈述句时I

really

believe(that)Tom

will

help

us．我确实相信汤姆会帮助我们。If/whether．．

(or

not)是否当宾语从句是一般疑问

句时I’m

not

sure

if

I’

ll

have

time.我不敢肯定我是否会有时问。连接代词what，who，which，whose，

whom（在从句中充当一定成份作主语，宾语，定语等）当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时I’d

like

to

know

what

you

want

best．我想知道你最想要什么东西。连接副词where，how，when，why（在从句中通常作状语）当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时Please

tell

me

when

you

were

born．请告诉我你是何时出生的。即学即练：Italldependson_______theywilldotheirbestornot.ImadeupmymindIwouldfindout______wasgoodinmypresentsituation.Hehasmadeitclear_______hewillnotgivein.Readingforhisbiography(自传),Iwaslostinadmirationfor______StevenJobshadachieved.Wenowrealize______importantfamilyareandhowimprotanttobenearthem.Overthousandsofyears,theybegantodependlesson______shouldbehuntedorfatheredfromthewild.Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethan_____theygo.I'mnotsure______ismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩).Pleaseholdonto________youarestrongandtrytoimprovetheweaksubjects.Theyoungcouplewashavinganarguementabout_______turnitwastodothecooking.填空题答案：Whether2.What3.That4.What5.How6.What7.Where8.Who9.Where10.Whose宾语从句的语序宾语从句无论是陈述句、一般疑问句或特殊疑问句意义，一律用陈述句语序，即“主语+谓语”结构。句尾标点符号取决于主句。例如：Areyouastudent?Heasks．→Heasksifyouareastudent．他问你是否是学生。Wheredoeshework?Doyouknow?→Doyouknowwhereheworks?你知道他在哪工作吗?注意：whatis/wasthematter在宾语从句中语序不变。Couldyoutellmewhatwasthematter?你能告诉我怎么了吗？即学即练：1.—Canyoutellme________?

—Bysellingnewspapers.A．howdoeshemakemoney B．howhemakesmoneyC．wheredoeshemakemoney D．wherehemakesmoney【答案】B【详解】句意：——你能告诉我他是怎么赚钱的吗？——通过卖报纸。考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语，排除AC选项；结合“Bysellingnewspapers.”可知是问赚钱的方式，应用how，故选B。2．—ChinaWomen’sNationalFootballTeambeatTeamSouthKoreaonFebruary6th.Doyouknow________?—Theynevergaveupandfoughttothelastminuteinthegame.A．howtheywonthegame B．howdidtheywonthegame C．whytheyplayedthegame【答案】A【详解】句意：——2月6日，中国女足战胜韩国女足。你知道她们是怎么赢得比赛的吗？——她们从不放弃，战斗到比赛的最后一分钟。考查宾语从句。此处动词know后跟宾语从句，因此从句要用陈述句语序，故排除B；又根据答语“Theynevergaveupandfoughttothelastminuteinthegame.”可知，这里是问她们是怎么赢得比赛的，故选A。3．—WhatdidMaxjustsaytoyou?—Heaskedme__________.A．whodidthehousework B．whereIwillspendtheweekendC．thatIhadagoodtime D．whendidIgotobed【答案】A【详解】句意：——麦克斯刚才跟你说什么？——他问我谁做家务。考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，是一个宾语从句，主句时态是过去时，从句时态与过去有关，排除选项B；且从句语序是陈述语序，排除选项D；结合asked，引导词用特殊疑问词，排除选项C。故选A。时态宾语从句中，主句为一般现在时，则从句可以根据实际需要用各种相应的时态。主句为一般过去时，则从句必须用过去的某种时态例：Irememberhegavemeabookyesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。Hetoldmethathewouldtakepartinthehighjump.他告诉我他将参加跳高比赛。主句时态从句时态例句一般现在时根据实际情况而定I

hear

that

he

went

to

Beihai

yesterday．

我听说他昨天去北海了。一般过去时过去的某种时态He

said

his

father

would

take

him

to

Shanghai他说他爸爸

将带他去上海。They

asked

us

if

we

had

finished

the

work.他们问我们是否完成了工作。任何时态客观事实或真理只用一般现在时表示My

father

told

me

that

the

sun

rises

in

the

east．爸爸告诉我太阳从东方升起。注意：在宾语从句或间接引语中如果叙述的是客观真理、客观事实等，不管主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.他说光比声音的传播速度要快得多。即学即练：1.Iheard________justnow.A．sheleaves B．sheisleaving C．sheleft D．shewillleave【答案】C【详解】句意：我听说她刚刚走了。考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是宾语从句，结合heard以及“主过从必过”可知，从句用一般过去时，故选C。2.Ihearthathe_____toBeijingyesterday.A.goes B.willgo C.went D.havegone3.Ihope_____thevolleyballmatch.I_____ourteamgoodluck.A.ustowin,wish B.wewillwin,wishC.wetowin,hope D.wewillwin,hope4.IthoughtI_____inmyprojectreport,butthemanagersaidhedidn'tseeitatall.A.hand B.amhanding C.havehanded D.hadhanded5.Myfatherpromisedthathe_____meanewputerthenextweek.A.buy B.buys C.willbuy D.wouldbuy6.Themansaidthatthebear_____hungry.A.looks B.looked C.looking D.look宾语从句注意事项1、引导词只能用whether不能用if的情况1.从句前置于句首时例：Whethertheycanehereontime,wedon’tknow.2.引导介词后宾语从句时例：Itdependsonwhetheritwillbesunnytomorrow.3.与todo或ornot连用时例：Idon’tknowwhetherornothewille.2、引导词that不能省略的情况句中出现两个或两个以上由that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个从句的that可以省略，其余并列从句的that都要保留。例：Lindasaid（that）shelikedBeijingandthatshewouldworkinBeijinginthefuture.that从句中又有其他从句时例：Hetoldusthat,ifwecouldetohelpout,thewholesituationwouldbegettingbetter.it作形式宾语代替that引导的宾语从句时例：Idon’tthinkitpolitethattheyleftwithoutsayingaword.当宾语从句的主语是this,that或者被this,that修饰时例：Theteachersaidthatthatboywasimpolite.3、宾语从句的否定转移主语的主语是第一人称I/we，主句的谓语动词是表示“想；认为”等意义的动词，如think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect等，若从句是否定意义，从句的否定要转移到主句上。例：Ithinkitisnotgoodforyoureyes.(×）Idon'tthinkitisgoodforyoureyes.(√）即学即练：I________thinkhe________evervisitedtheisland.A．/;hasn’t B．don’t;was C．don’t;has D．don’t;will【答案】C【详解】句意：我想他从未去过那个岛。考查宾语从句否定转移及时态。根据“ever”可知，从句要用现在完成时，主句是Ithink，从句表示否定要用否定转移，即否定要转移到主句上，故选C。Iwonder__________Tomhadagoodtimehavingapicnicyesterday.A.that B.if C.what D.which【答案】B【解析】句意：我想知道汤姆是否在昨天的野餐中玩得很开心。that在宾语从句中无意义也不做成份；if在从句中不做成份，译为＂是否＂；C.what在从句中作成份，指物，译为＂什么＂；which在从句中作成份，译为＂哪一个＂。根据句子可知，从句中不缺成份，且根据wonder可知，译为＂是否玩得开心＂，用if，故选B。3.Hedoesn’tknow________________ornothecangothere.Sohewantstocallhisteacherforhelp.A.that B.if C.whether D.when3.C【解析】本题用固定搭配法解题。句意：他不知道他是否能去那儿。因此他想向他的老师求助。whetherornot意为＂是否＂。故选C。宾语从句的简化当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。例：IhopethatIcanreceiveyourletter.=Ihopetoreceiveyourletter.当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn等时，从句可简化问“疑问词+不定式”结构。例：Hedoesn’tknowwhathecoulddonext.=Hedoesn’tknowwhattodonext.当主句的谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时，从句可简化为“宾语+动词原形+ving形式”。例：Isawsomechildrenwereplayinginthepark.=Isawsomechildrenplayinginthepark.宾语从句与直接引语和间接引语直接引语：指的是直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号标出；间接引语：指用自己的语言转述别人的话。直接引语变间接引语时在句型、人称、时态、语序、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等方面都要进行变化。用法例句当宾语从句或间接引语是由陈述句转换而来时，用that来引导从句或间接引语，其中的that无具体意义，一般可以省略。Hetellsme(that)heisgoingshoppingthisSunday.Hesaid(that)thebankwasnearthehotel.当宾语从句或间接引语是由一般疑问句转换而来时，用if或whether来引导从句或间接引语，意思是“是否”。从句或间接引语用陈述语序。Sheaskedmeif/whethershecouldjoinus.Hewonderedif/whethertheworkershadfinishedthework.当宾语从句或间接引语是由特殊疑问句转换而来时，特殊疑问词就是宾语从句或间接引语的引导词。从句或间接引语用陈述语序。Doyouknowwhobrokethedoor?Sheaskedmewhosepenthatwas.【特例清单】1.直接引语是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell(ask,order等)sb.(not)todosth.”句型“Don’tmakeanynoise.”shesaidtothechildren.→Shetoldthechildrennottomakeanynoise.“不要制造任何噪音”她对孩子们说。2.直接引语变为间接引语时，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和某些具有方向性的动词要作相应的变化。具体见下表：直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthatthesethose时间状语nowthentodaythatdaytonightthatnightyesterdaythedaybeforetomorrownextweekthisweekthatweeknextweekthenextweektwoweeksagotwoweeksbeforelastmonththemonthago地点状语herethere谓语动词egobringtake即学即练：1.Hesaid,＂AreyouinterestedinEnglish?＂(合并为宾语从句)Heaskedme________________I________________interestedinEnglish.2.＂Doyouhaveanyroomstorent?＂Sheaskedme.(合并为宾语从句)Sheaskedme________________I________________someroomstorent.3.Theearthgoesroundthesun.Ourteachertoldus.(合并为宾语从句)Ourteachertoldus________________theearth________________roundthesun.4.Hesaidtome,＂Doyouknowwhenweshallebacktoschoolagain.＂(改为宾语从句)He________________me________________Iknewwhenwe________________________________backtoschoolagain.5.＂Dotheywantfriedchicken？＂Heaskedtheboys.（连成一个含宾语从句的句子）Heaskedtheboys________________they________________friedchicken.答案：1.if/whether；was；2.if；had 3.that；goes 4.asked；if/whether；shoulde5.if；wanted课堂总结课堂总结堂中测堂中测1．We’regoingforapicnictomorrow.Iwonder________Jackcaneornot.A．if B．weather C．whether D．when【答案】C【详解】句意：我们明天要去野餐。我想知道杰克是否能来。考查宾语从句的引导词。if是否；weather天气；whether是否；when什么时候。根据“Iwonder...Jackcaneornot.”可知，此处指杰克是否能来，与ornot连用只能用whether。故选C。2．—Whatwillyougetfromworkingwithforeignchildren?—Itishardtoknow________beforewestart.Butwecanbefriends,Ithink.A．whattohappen B．whentohappen C．whatwillhappen D．howtohappen【答案】C【详解】句意：——你和外国孩子一起工作会得到什么？——在我们开始之前很难知道会发生什么。但我认为我们可以成为朋友。考查宾语从句。根据“Whatwillyougetfromworkingwithforeignchildren?”可推出是问会发生什么，happen是不及物动词，不能用在“疑问词+动词不定式”结构中，此处用what引导宾语从句，用whatwillhappen。故选C。3．Couldyoutellme________next,Mr.Black?A．whatIshoulddo B．whatshouldIdo C．howshouldIdo D．howIshoulddo【答案】A【详解】句意：布莱克先生，你能告诉我下一步该做什么吗？考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，排除B和C选项。如果用how引导宾语从句，do后面要接宾语，而D不正确，故选A。4.—Doyouwanttostaywiththehomelessanimals?—Yes,IreallylovethesecuteanimalsandIcando________Ilikehere.A．that B．what C．which【答案】B【详解】句意：——你想和无家可归的动物待在一起吗？——是的，我真的很喜欢这些可爱的动物，我可以在这里做我喜欢的事。考查宾语从句。that引导宾语从句时无实义；what什么，引导宾语从句时，作从句主语、宾语、表语；which哪一个，引导宾语从句时，作从句主语、宾语、定语。根据“Icando…Ilikehere.”可知，此处指自己喜欢做的事情，应用what引导宾语从句，作从句动词like的宾语。故选B。5.Istilldon'tknowwhat_____whileIwasawayfromhome.You'llknowitallsomeday,Ibelieve.A.hadhappened B.wouldhappen C.hashappened D.happened6.Whatdidshesay?She_____she_____toBeijingforatrip.A.said;willgo B.say;wentC.said;wasgoing D.say;wasgoingItoldmyteacherwhat_____thegirl.A.washappenedto B.hashappenedtoC.werehappenedto D.hadhappenedto8.Canyoutellme________________itwillrainornottomorrow?A.whether B.if C.that D.when【答案】A【解析】句意：你能告诉我明天是否要下雨吗？A.whether是否，表示疑问；B.if如果，表示条件，是否，表示疑问；C.that引出陈述句作宾语从句；D.when当……时，表示时间。＂明天下雨吗＂表示疑问，用whether或if引导，又因whether后可以跟ornot，if则不能，故选A。9.—Excuseme.Iwonder________________thereisabusheretogotoDowningStreet.—Yes.BusNo.223.A.that B.when C.if D.whether【解析】Whethertodo，根据句意可知选D。10.—Excuseme,couldyoutellme________________?—Sure.BusNo.4willtakeyourightthere.A.howcanIgettothezoo B.howIcangettothezooC.whencanIgettothezoo D.whenIcangettothezoo【解析】——劳驾，你能告诉我怎么去动物园吗？——当然可以，4路公共汽车正好带你到那儿。本题考查宾语从句，宾语从句的语序是陈述句的语序，排除A、C；根据答语可知，问句是询问如何去动物园，故选B。专题12：课后作业专题12：课后作业一．选择题1．Idon’tknow________sheesfromAmerica.A．weather B．if C．because D．so【答案】B【详解】句意：我不知道她是否来自美国。考查连词辨析。weather“天气”，名词；if“是否”；because“因为”；so“所以”。根据“Idon’tknow...sheesfromAmerica.”可知，此处指不知道她是否来自美国，if引导宾语从句。故选B。2．—Idon’tcare________.Inthiscamp,there’sonlyonehairstyle—short!Understand?—Yes,madam.A．whendidyoucutyourhair B．whetheryourhairwillbeshortornotC．howlonghaveyouhadthishairstyle D．whatyouusedtobelike【答案】D【详解】句意：——我不在乎你过去是什么样子。在这个露营里，只有一种发型——短发！明白吗？——是的，女士。考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，此句是宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，排除A和C选项。根据“there’sonlyonehairstyle—short”可知，此处描述与外貌有关，D选项符合语境，故选D。3．Asteenagers,weshouldlearnmoreabout_________tokeepourselvessafefromdanger,sinceourparentscan’tbearoundusallthetime.A．how B．when C．what D．why【答案】A【详解】句意：作为青少年，我们应该更多地学会如何保护自己远离危险，因为我们的父母不可能一直在我们身边。考查疑问词。how如何，怎样；when什么时候；what什么；why为什么。根据“keepourselvessafefromdanger”，可知空处应意为“如何”，表示方式。故选A。4．—WhatdidDavidsaytoyou?—Heaskedme________.A．howIgottoHubeiMuseumB．whydidIlikehotdrynoodlessomuchC．howmanybridgesarethereinWuhanD．whatwillIstudyinWuhanUniversity【答案】A【详解】句意：——大卫对你说了什么？——他问我怎么去湖北博物馆。考查宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语，所以排除BCD选项，故选A。5．We’regoingforapicnictomorrow.Iwonder________Jackcaneornot.A．if B．weather C．whether D．when【答案】C【详解】句意：我们明天要去野餐。我想知道杰克是否能来。考查宾语从句的引导词。if是否；weather天气；whether是否；when什么时候。根据“Iwonder...Jackcaneornot.”可知，此处指杰克是否能来，与ornot连用只能用whether。故选C。6.Theofficialsaidthey_____anewlawtoprotectthetouriststhenextyear.A.makes B.wouldmake C.made D.havemade7.Jennytoldmethatshe_____anEnglishSpeechContestthenextmonth.A.takespartin B.istakingpartinC.tookpartin D.wouldtakepartin8.Jacktoldthelibrarianthatthebook_____assoonashefinishedreadingit.A.wasreturned B.wouldbereturnedC.hasbeenreturned D.willbereturned9.Jacktoldthelibrarianthatthebook_____assoonashefinishedreadingit.A.wasreturned B.wouldbereturnedC.hasbeenreturned D.willbereturned10.IhopeMr.andMrs.Smith_____togetherwiththeirlostsoninnotime.A.get B.willget C.wouldget D.havegot二．按要求完成句子1.＂Dotheyliketogoskiing?＂Heasked.（将句子合并为一句）_____________________________________________________________________________2.＂Isshed