Unit4AdversityAndCourage单词学案-高中英语人教版选择性

X3U4AdversityandCourage学案1.adversitycn.&un.困境；逆境adverseadj.不利的/有害的Wewillneverforgetthefriendshipsealedinadversity.患难之交永不忘。Inprosperitycaution,inadversitypatience.处顺境时要小心，处逆境时要耐心。2.bitteradj.①味苦的:bittermelons/abittersmile苦瓜/苦笑Bitterpillsmayhavewholesomeeffects.良药苦口利于病。②严寒的abitterwind刺骨寒风③激烈而不愉快的alongandbitterdispute漫长而激烈的争论④令人不快的，使人悲痛的bitterexperience痛苦的经验bitterlyadv.伤心地Sheweptbitterly.愤怒地Thedevelopmentwasbitterlyopposedbythelocalmunity.及其,非常It’sbitterly/freezing/extremelycold.bitternessn..苦味；愤懑,不满Thepaycutcausedbitternessamongthestaff.3.endurancen.忍耐力，耐久力Heshowedremarkableendurancethroughouthisillness.beyondendurance忍无可忍Theywerehumiliatedbeyondendurance.endure①v.忍耐，忍受(同bear)enduresth.忍受某事endurealongwaitenduredoing/todosth.忍受做某事Hecan’tendurebeingdefeated/tobedefeated.②持续，持久asuccessthatwillendureendurableadj.能忍耐的，能持久的unendurable无法忍受的，不能持久的4.turndown调低/小;拒绝turnup调高/大；出现;turnon打开turnoff 关闭turnto 求助于；致力于；转向；翻至(某一页)turnout 结果是/结果是/原来是…；生产/制造turnaway把…拒之门外/不准...进入;转过脸去(1)Ioften_________myclassmatesorteachersforhelp.Asaresult,Ihavemadesteadyprogressinmystudies.(2)Itisalreadynineo’clock,buthehasn’t_________yet.Justwentbackhome.(3)Thejob_________tobeharderthanwethought.5.enthusiasticadj.热情的；热心的①beenthusiasticabout...对…极感兴趣的；对…充满热情的②beenthusiastictodosth.对做某事充满热情enthusiasmn.热心；热忱；热情withenthusiasm热情地enthusiastn.热心者，爱好者enthusiastn.热衷于……的人；爱好者(1)ThoughJackwaslackinginexperience,hemadeupforitin_________(enthusiastic).(2)I’msurethemagazinewillappealtoyou,foryou’vebeenenthusiastic_______sports.6.aboardadv.&prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)Goaboardplease；theboatisleaving.请上船吧，就要开船了。Weleaboard!欢迎乘坐!易混辨析单词含义例句aboardadv.&prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)；在(船、飞机、公共汽车等)上Allpassengersaboardfellintotheriver.船上所有的乘客都落入了河里。boardn.板；(尤指)木板;膳食;董事会v.上船(或火车、公共汽车、飞机等);寄宿Thepassengersareboardingtheplane.乘客们正在登机。abroadadv.到国外；在国外Heoftengoesabroad.他经常去国外。broadadj.宽广的；宽阔的Hehasverybroadshoulders.他的肩膀很宽。7.assignvt.分派；布置；分配①assignsb.sth.＝assignsth.tosb.给某人分配(布置)某物/某事②assignsb.todosth.指派某人做某事assignmentcn.任务；作业；分配；布置Applicantsintechnicalassignmentsmusthavereachedthelastyearoftheirstudiesinatechnicalinstitution.技术任务的申请人必须在技术机构完成最后一年的研究。(2021北京)(1.)Theteacherassignedadifferenttask____eachofthestudents.(2.)Themonitorassignedus__________(make)preparationsforthepartythenextweek.(3.)Onreceivingthe________________(assign),wesetouttoworkatonce.(4.)Thetask________(assign),dangerousorotherwise,mustbefinishedasscheduled.assignmentcn.任务；作业；分配；布置Applicantsintechnicalassignmentsmusthavereachedthelastyearoftheirstudiesinatechnicalinstitution.技术任务的申请人必须在技术机构完成最后一年的研究。(2021北京)8.envyvt.&n.羡慕，嫉妒n.betheenvyof

...成为……羡慕/忌妒的对象begreenwithenvy非常忌妒；眼红enviousadj.羡慕的；妒忌的beenviousofsb.羡慕/嫉妒某人9.crushvt.压碎，压伤Thecarwaspletelycrushedunderthetruck.破坏，毁坏(某人的信心或幸福)Shefeltpletelycrushedbytheteacher’scriticism.n.拥挤的人群Icouldn’tfindawaythroughthecrush.热恋，迷恋Ihadahugecrushonher.10.sinkvi.(sank/sunk，sunk)沉没；下沉；下降；降低；渗透；陷入；(心情)沮丧vt.使下沉；使沉没；使某锋利物穿透表面n.(厨房里的)洗涤池，水槽①Myheartsank.我的心一沉。②sinkinto...渗入；渐渐进入(消极、不快等的)状态Shesankintoadeepsleep.她沉沉地睡去。Hesankintoanarmchair.他坐到扶手椅上。③besunkinsth.陷入(不快或沉思)中Hejustsatthere，restinghischeeksonhishands，sunkinthought.他只是坐在那里，双手托着脸颊，陷入了沉思。(读后续写—状态描写)④sink...into

...把……插入……Unfortunately，thatdogsankitsteethintohisarm.不幸的是，那条狗咬了他的胳膊。11.abandonvt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃n.放任/纵①abandononeselfto(介词)=beabandonedto…沉溺/纵情于；②abandondoing... 放弃做……③withabandon恣意/放纵地;尽情地abandonedadj.被抛弃的；报废的；自暴自弃(1)Pleasedon'tabandonyourself_______putergames.(2)Theyoungmanabandonedhimselfto_______(drink)becauseofhisfailureincause.(3)Thelittleboyclaimedthathisparentshadabandoned______(raise)him.(4)(abandon)himselftothesorrowoflosinghiscat,Stevenjustcouldn’thelpcrying.(5)Wangcollectedmorethan7million(abandon)bricksofdifferentages.12.blanketn.①毯子，毛毯electricblanket②覆盖层ablanketoffog/snow/cloud厚厚的一层雾/雪/云adj.总括的，全体的ablanketbanontobaccoadvertising烟草广告的全面取缔ablanketrefusal完全拒绝blanketadvice一揽子建议13.belongingsn．财物；动产Surroundings环境,savings储蓄,findings调查发现，调研结果常见搭配(1)belongingn.归属asenseofbelonging归属感(2)belongvi.属于（不用于被动语态和进行时态）belongtosb.属于某人，归某人所有belongtosth.是(俱乐部、组织等)的成员，是(某族类或纲目)的一部分Shepackedherfewbelongingsinabagandleft.她把她的几件东西装进包里便离开了。14.genuineadj.真的，名副其实的IsthepaintingagenuinePicasso?真诚的，真心的，可信赖的genuineconcernforothersadv.genuinely真诚地，由衷地I’mgenuinelysorry.n.genuineness真成，真事，真挚15.perseverance毅力，不屈不挠的精神Theonlywaytoimproveisthroughhardworkanddoggedperseverance.perseverev.坚持，孜孜以求perseverein(doing)sth.坚持（做）某事Despiteanumberofsetbacks,theyperseveredintheirattemptstoflyaroundtheworldinaballoon.虽屡遭挫折，他们仍不断尝试乘气球环游世界。perseverewithsb./sth.Sheperseveredwithherviolinlessons.她孜孜不倦地学习小提琴。16.resolven.决心/坚定的信念weaken/strengthen/testone’sresolve(todosth.)削弱/增强/考验某人(做某事)的决心vi.&vt.决定/决心；解决(问题或困难)①resolve(not)todosth.决定/决心(不)做某事②resolveon(doing)sth.决定/决心(做)某事Wehaveresolvedonmakinganearlystarttocatchthetrain.③resolveanissue/adispute/aconflict/acrisis解决问题/争端/冲突/危机resolutionn.决心/定[C];决议[C]；解决[U];makearesolutiontodosth.决心/决定做某事pass/adopt/approvearesolution通过一项决议(1)Heresolved____doingsomethingtohelpthechildrenhehadmet.(2)Insteadofresolving(lose)weightinonemonth,trytobepracticable.17.crewn.①全体工作人员Noneofthepassengersandcrewwereinjured.②技术人员团队，专业团队afilm/cameracrew电影摄制组v.当工作人员Normallytheboatiscrewedbyfivepeople.18.cruel常见搭配becruelto对……残忍Itiscruelofsbtodosth某人做某事太残忍cruellyadv.残忍地；残酷地crueltyn.残忍；残酷adj．残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的语法填空(1)Itwascruel_______Jimtoignoreher.吉姆存心不理会她，真是无情。(2)Sometimesyouhavetobecruel_______(be)kind.有时候为了某人好你就得对他狠。(3)Youshouldn'thavetreatedthepetdogso_____(cruel).你本不应该如此残忍地对待宠物狗。(4)Itwashis____(cruel)thatforcedhiswifetoleavetheirhome.是他的残忍迫使他妻子离开家。19.thoroughadj.①彻底的，完全的Thepolicecarriedoutathoroughinvestigation.②细致的Butthereisnotamorethoroughstudyinthisphenomenon.adv.thoroughly及其，非常，彻底，完全I’mthoroughlyconfused.n.thoroughness彻底性，完全，周密Iwasimpressedbythethoroughnessofthereport.20.furnituren.家具[U](总称名词)(1)apieceoffurniture一件家具(2)furnishvt.装修；布置，设置；提供；供应furnishsth.withsth.用……布置……furnishsb./sth.withsth.＝furnishsth.tosb./sth.为某人/某物提供某物befurnishedwith备有；安装有(3)furnishedadj.备有家具的具语法填空（1）Eleanormovedintoasmall____________(furnish)apartment.（2）Manyproprietors(业主)trytofurnishtheirhouses_______antiques.（3）Thehouseiscrammedwithpriceless____________(furnish)andworksofart.21.fortunatelyadv.幸运地；unfortunatelyadv.不幸地fortunen.大笔的钱/巨款【C】；运气/机遇【U】；命运【常用复数】发财/致富makea/one’sfortune碰运气seekone’sfortunemisfortunen.不幸/厄运fortunateadj.幸运的unfortunateadj.不幸运的①befortunatetodosth./indoingsth. 很幸运做某事②It’sfortunatethat从句（主语从句） ……很幸运(1)Iwasfortunate________(work)withabrilliantheadofdepartment.(2)=Iwasfortunate______workingwithabrilliantheadofdepartment.(3)=Itisfortunate______Iworkedwithabrilliantheadofdepartment.22.rough adj.（表面）粗糙的；粗略的/不确切的；粗野的/粗暴的；汹涌的/风浪很大的/（时期）艰难的；roughlyadv.粗略地，大致上，粗暴地(1.)Herhandswereroughfromhardwork.(2.)Ihavegotaroughideaofwhathelookslike.(3.)Theyplainedofroughhandlingbytheguards.(4.)Theshipwentdowninroughseas.(5.)Thefirstyearwasrough,butthingshavegottenbetter.23.makefire生火onfire着火；(身体某部位)火辣辣(地疼痛)setfireto放火烧(=set...onfire)catchfire着火putoutthefire扑灭火fightafire救火make短语：makeup形成，构成；编造；弥补；和好；化妆makeout辨认清楚；理解makesense讲得通，合乎情理makeit获得成功，准时到达makethemostof充分利用makeupone’smind26.giveoff放出（热、光、气味或气体）Evenifputerscreensdidn’tgiveoffradiation,staringatthemforlongperiodscancauseharmtoyourvision.giveout发出，放出；分发；用完；耗尽givein屈服，让步，投降giveback归还，送回giveup放弃，认输giveaway泄露，捐赠，赠送，颁发24mitmentn.承诺/承诺的事【C】；（对组织/活动的）投入/奉献/忠诚【U】；(mitmittedmitted；mitting)makeamitmenttosb.对某人作出承诺carryoutone’smitment履行某人的承诺mitv.①犯（错误/罪行）自杀mitsuicide犯罪mitacrime②投入（钱/时间/人力等）mitAtoB 把A投入B③承诺mit(oneself)todoingsth.=sb.bemittedtodoingsth.=sb.makeamitmenttodoingsth.某人承诺(自己)做某事/致力于mittedadj.尽心尽力的/坚定的(1.)Thecouncilhasmittedlargeamountsofmoney_____housingprojects.(2.)Heclearlymittedhimselfto_________(continue)downthepathofeconomicreform.=Hewasmittedtocontinuingdownthepathofeconomicreform.=Hemadeamitmenttocontinuingdownthepathofeconomicreform.25..if引导的虚拟条件句虚拟情况从句谓语形式主句谓语形式与现在事实相反过去式（be动词一般用were）would／could／should／might＋动词原形与过去事实相反had＋过去分词would/could/should/might+have十过去分词与将来事实相反（1）过去式（be动词一般用were）（2）wereto＋动词原形（3）should＋动词原形would／could／should／might＋动词原形Ifitweren'tforseaanimals，wewouldallstarve.要不是有海洋动物，我们都得挨饿。(P44)Ifithadnotbeenforthebadweatheryesterday，wewouldhavegonetotheparktoflykites.如果不是昨天天气不好，我们就去公园放风筝了。IfIweretomeethimtomorrow，Ishouldaskhimaboutit.如果我明天遇见他，我就会问他这件事的。(1)IfI______(be)you,Iwouldreaditagain.如果我是你的话，我会再读一遍。（表示与现在事实相反）(2)We______havecalledataxiyesterdayifHarold______(offer)usaridehome.如果昨天哈罗德没有开车送我们回家，我们就叫出租车了。（表示与过去事实相反） (3)Ifyou____haveanydifficultyingettingtheinformation,you_____(e)directlytomyoffice.如果找这些信息有困难，你可以直接到我办公室来。（表示与将来事实相反）结构拓展在含有should、were、had的虚拟条件句中可省略if，把were、had、should提到句首变为倒装结构。•Wereshetoliveabroad，shewouldn'tbeabletoseeherbestfriendsvery