世界银行-尼日利亚电气化项目创造的就业机会：清洁能源转型创造就业机会的潜力-案例研究（英）-2024.1

JOBS

GENERATEDBY

THE

NIGERIAELECTRIFICATIONPROJECTCASESTUDYJob

Creation

Potential

of

theClean

Energy

TransitionJOBSGENERATEDBYTHENIGERIAELECTRIFICATIONPROJECT1JOBS

GENERATEDBY

THE

NIGERIAELECTRIFICATIONPROJECTCASESTUDYJob

Creation

Potential

of

theClean

Energy

TransitionABOUTESMAPTheEnergySectorManagementAssistanceProgram(ESMAP)is

a

partnership

betweentheWorldBankandover

20partnerstohelplow-and

middle-incomecountriesreduce

povertyand

boostgrowththroughsus-tainableenergysolutions.ESMAP’sanalyticaland

advisoryservicesarefullyintegratedwithintheWorldBank’scountryfinancingandpolicydialogueintheenergysector.ThroughtheWorldBank,ESMAPworkstoacceler-atetheenergytransitionrequiredtoachieveSustainableDevelopmentGoal7

(SDG7),whichensuresaccesstoaffordable,

reliable,sustainable,and

modernenergyfor

all.IthelpsshapeWorldBankstrategiesandprogramstoachievetheWorldBank’sClimateChangeActionPlantargets.Learnmoreat:.©November2023|InternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment/TheWorldBank1818HStreetNW,Washington,DC20433Telephone:202-473-1000;Internet:Thiswork

is

a

productoftheWorldBank,withcontributionsgivenbythestaff

and

consultantslistedintheacknowledgments.Thefindings,interpretations,and

conclusionsexpressedinthiswork

donotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsoftheWorldBank,itsBoard

ofExecutiveDirectors,orthegovernmentstheyrepresent.TheWorldBankdoesnotguaranteetheaccuracyofthedataincludedinthiswork.Theboundaries,colors,denominations,and

other

informationshownonanymapinthiswork

donotimplyanyjudgmentonthepartoftheWorldBankconcerningthelegalstatusofanyterritoryortheendorsementoracceptanceofsuchboundaries.Nothinghereinshallconstituteorbeconsidered

tobe

a

limitationuponorwaiveroftheprivilegesand

immunitiesofTheWorldBank,allofwhicharespecificallyreserved.RightsandPermissionsThisworkisavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution3.0IGOlicense(CCBY3.0IGO)http:///licenses/by/3.0/igo.UndertheCreativeCommonsAttributionlicense,youarefreetocopy,distribute,transmit,andadaptthiswork,includingforcommercialpurposes,underthefollowingconditions:Attribution—Pleasecitetheworkasfollows:EnergySectorManagementAssistanceProgram(ESMAP).2023.JobsGeneratedbytheNigeriaElectrificationProject:JobCreationPotentialoftheCleanEnergyTransition.ESMAPCaseStudy.Washington,DC:TheWorldBank.License:CreativeCommonsAttributionCCBY3.0IGOTranslations—Ifyoucreateatranslationofthiswork,pleaseaddthefollowingdisclaimeralongwiththeattribution:ThistranslationwasnotcreatedbyTheWorldBankandshouldnotbeconsideredanofficialWorldBanktranslation.TheWorldBankshallnotbeliableforanycontentorerrorinthistranslation.Adaptations—Ifyoucreateanadaptationofthiswork,pleaseaddthefollowingdisclaimeralongwiththeattribution:ThisisanadaptationofanoriginalworkbyTheWorldBank.ViewsandopinionsexpressedintheadaptationarethesoleresponsibilityoftheauthororauthorsoftheadaptationandarenotendorsedbyTheWorldBank.Third-Party

Content—TheWorldBankdoesnotnecessarilyowneachcomponentofthecontentcontainedwithinthework.TheWorldBankthereforedoesnotwarrantthattheuseofanythirdparty-ownedindividualcomponentorpartcontainedinthework

willnotinfringeontherightsofthosethirdparties.Theriskofclaimsresultingfromsuchinfringementrestssolelywithyou.Ifyouwishtore-usea

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isyourresponsibilitytodeterminewhether

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for

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toobtainpermissionfromthecopyrightowner.Examplesofcomponentscaninclude,butarenotlimited

to,tables,figures,orimages.AllqueriesonrightsandlicensesshouldbeaddressedtoWorldBankPublications,TheWorldBank,1818HStreetNW,Washington,DC20433,USA;e-mail:pubrights@.ProductionCredits—Designer|CircleGraphics,Inc.CoverImage|©NigeriaElectrificationProject-NigerianRuralElectrificationAgency(NEP-NREA)Photos|

p.4,p.14,p.18,p.32,p.36©NigeriaElectrificationProject

-

Nigerian

RuralElectrificationAgency(NEP-NREA),p.

x

©DasanBobo/WorldBank,p.10©EgbaneAllimagesremainthesolepropertyoftheirsourceandmaynotbeusedforanypurposewithoutwrittenpermissionfromthesource.ContentsAcknowledgmentsAboutthisReportAcronymsvviviiviiiKeyFindings1. Introduction152. Summary

of

Relevant

Energy

Interventions3. Overview

of

the

Labor

Market4. Identification

and

Quantification

of

Jobs5. Results111519313539416. Enablers

of

and

Barriers

to

Mini

Grid

Use

and

Expansion7. ConclusionReferencesAppendixA.SynergieswithOtherWorldBankEnergyInterventionsinNigeriaJOBSGENERATEDBYTHENIGERIAELECTRIFICATIONPROJECTiiiListofTablesandFiguresList

of

TablesTable1.SelectedIndicatorsandTargetsforComponent1oftheNigeriaElectrificationProjectTable2.SummaryofInterviewsTable3.NEPMiniGridSitesSelectedforthisCaseStudyTable4.NumberandTypesofDirectJobsCreated,byMiniGridDeveloperTable5.Job-YearsbyJobTypeandSite616162028List

of

FigureFigure1.TheoryofChangeforComponent1oftheNigeriaElectrificationProject38ivCONTENTSAcknowledgmentsThisworkwasmadepossiblebytheEnergySectorManagementAssistanceProgram(ESMAP)withfinancialsupportfromtheRoyalMinistryofForeignAffairsofDenmark.ESMAPisapartnershipbetweentheWorldBankand19donorstohelplow-andmiddle-incomecountriesreducepovertyandboostgrowththroughsustainableenergysolutions.Thereportwaspreparedbya

teamcoordinatedbyZuzanaDobrotková(SeniorEnergySpecialist)andcomprisingofSheoliPargal(LeadEnergyEconomist),AnnaAghababyan(SeniorOperationsOfficer)andAndersPedersen(SeniorEnergySpecialist).TheworkwasinitiatedundertheguidanceofRohitKhanna(PracticeManager,ESMAP)andcompletedunderGabrielaElizondoAzuela(PracticeManager,ESMAP),withoverallstrategicdirectionprovidedbyDemetriosPapathanasiou(GlobalDirector,EnergyandExtractivesGlobalPractice).A

teamfromtheconsultingcompanyMathematica,consistingofFaraz

Usmani,DuncanChaplin,PatriciaCosta,Sarah

Leser,andSaraBryk,collectedbackgroundmaterialandconductedupstreamresearch

forthiscasestudy.Theteamacknowledgestheimportantinputs,insightsandassistancereceivedfromArshSharma(SeniorEnergySpecialist),TatiaLemondzhava(EnergySpecialist)andAshishShrestha(EnergySpecialist)andWorldBankconsultantsStephaniePinnington,NicolasFichauxandKavitaRai.Editor:FayreMakeig.JOBSGENERATEDBYTHENIGERIAELECTRIFICATIONPROJECTvAboutthisReportThisreportpresentsthefindingsandconclusionsofa

casestudyundertakenundera

programofanalyticalworkthatinvestigatestheimpactsoftheglobaltransitiontoclean

energyonthequantityandqualityofjobsinlow-andmiddle-incomecountries.Undertheprogram,entitled“EstimatingtheJobCreationPotentialoftheCleanEnergyTransition,”theWorldBank’sEnergySectorManagementAssistanceProgram(ESMAP)undertookmultiplestreamsofanalysis:••A

reviewoftheliteratureandcommonlyusedmethodologiesofinvestigationModelingofeconomywidejobimpactsofpoliciessupportingtheclean

energytransitioninselectedcountriesinSub-SaharanAfrica••Case

studies

of

the

effects

on

employment

of

selected

World

Bank

clean

energy

projectsDeepdivesintotheimpactonjobsofclosureofcoal-firedpowerplants;ofproductiveusesofelectricityassociatedwithminigridsinNigeria;andoftheRusumoFallsHydropowerProject.Buildingontheabove-mentionedsteamsofanalysis,theprogramhasalsoproducedahigh-levelreportsummarizingitsfindingsandconclusions“JobsforaLivablePlanet:JobCreationPotentialoftheCleanEnergyTransition”andadiscussionpapertosupportprojectdesign“TrackingJobsinProjectsFocusedonCleanEnergyandProductiveUsesofElectricity”,providingstrategiesfortrackingandenhancingjobcreationthatcanbeusedinthecleanenergyprojects.Thereportsdevelopedunderthisprogramtogetheraimtosupportlow-andmiddle-incomecountriesinreapinggreatersocioeconomicbenefitsfromtheenergytransitionbysupportingtheminincreasingthenumberandqualityoflocaljobsgeneratedwhileimplementingcleanenergyprojects.Realizingthebenefitsofthejobscreatedbycleanenergyinterventionswilldependoneffectiveplanningandpreparationintheearlystagesofprojectsandsustainedsupportduringtheirimplementation.Thereportstargetmultipleaudiences,frompolicymakerstodevelopmentpractitionersandacademics.Theyalsoaimtofamiliarizeenergyspecialistswiththeeffectsofenergyprojectsonjobsandgivethemtoolsthatenablethemtotakeaccountof—and,wherepossible,maximize—thesocioeconomicbenefitsofthecleanenergytransition.Thereportscanbefoundat/publications.viABOUTTHISREPORTAcronymsFGNGDPILOMSMEsNEPNERCO&MPVFederalGovernmentofNigeriagrossdomesticproductInternationalLabourOrganizationmicro,small,andmediumenterprisesNigeriaElectrificationProjectNigerianElectricityRegulatoryCommissionoperationandmaintenancephotovoltaicsREATOCNigerianRuralElectrificationAgencytheoryofchangeAllcurrencyisinUnitedStatesdollars(US$,USD),unlessotherwiseindicated.JOBSGENERATEDBYTHENIGERIAELECTRIFICATIONPROJECTviiKeyFindingsTheSolarHybridMiniGridsforRuralEconomicDevelopmentcomponentoftheNigeriaElectrificationProjectcreateddirectandindirectemploymentopportunitiesacrossvariousskilllevelsinNigeria.Theprojectcontributedtolocaleconomicgrowth,genderdiversity,andtheexpansionofsmallbusinessesinnewlyelectrifiedareas.Keyfindingsfromthecasestudywere:Direct

Employment:

Theminigridprojectsgenerateddirectjobsacrossvariousphases,includingdesign,construction,andoperationsandmaintenance.Thesejobscoveredarangeofroles,includingskilled(management,engineering,technicaldesign),semi-skilled(customerrelations,technicians,operators),andunskilled(manuallaborers,securitypersonnel).Intotal,191.8person-yearsofdirectjobswerecreated,with118beingdomestic.Local

Recruitment:

Developersrecruitedunskilledandsemi-skilledworkersfromnearbyareas,astheywerefamiliarwiththehostcommunities.Thisapproachsupportedlocaleconomicgrowthandcommunityawareness,aligningwithprojectgoals.Skilledworkerswereoftenbroughtinonformalcontracts,withsomedifficultyinsourcingskilledlaborinNorthernregions.Gender

Diversity:

Whiletherewerenospecificpoliciestopromotefemaleemployment,femaleparticipationintheprojectswasinlinewithglobalaveragesfortherenewableenergysector,whichisapproximately32percentfemale.Indirect

Job

Creation:

Thedemandforequipmentandbuildingmaterialsledtoindirectjobcreation.Approximately30percentofmaterialsusedinminigridconstructionweredomesticallysourced,whileotherswereimportedduetoavailabilityorquality.Anestimated206job-years(foreignanddomestic)ofindirectjobswerecreatedthroughthesupplychain.Induced

Jobs:

Newlyelectrifiedareasmaywitnessinducedjobsaselectricityenablesproductiveactivitiesandnewbusinesses.Whilethestudydidnotfindevidenceofimprovedemploymentrates,itidentifiedtheemergenceofnewcommercialactivities,includinggrocerystores,restaurants,andbarbershopsinelectrifiedareas.viiiKEYFINDINGSONEINTRODUCTIONThiscasestudyseekstoshedlightontheemploymentoutcomesassociatedwiththeWorldBank’sinvestmentsinminigridsmadeaspartoftheNigeriaElectrificationProject(NEP),whichwasapprovedin2018andisexpectedtoclosein2023.Itdoessousinginsightsfrominterviews(withthedevelopersandbeneficiariesofminigridprojectsacrosssixminigridsites)complementedbydatafromvarioussecondaryanddocumentarysources.FollowingthepassageoftheElectricPowerSectorReformActin2005,Nigeriacarried

outsignificantpowersectorreformstounbundleandprivatizeelectricitygenerationanddistribution.Yetthetransitionfroma

publiclyownedtoa

largelyprivatelymanagedpower

sector,whichwascompletedby2013,didnotresultintheexpectedoutcomes.Forexample,highlosses,lowcollections,anda

lackofcost-recoverytariffsgaverisetoan

annualfinancialdeficitofapproximately$1billiontothesector—alongwiththesecond-largestabsoluteenergyaccessdeficitintheworld(withapproximately95millionpeoplelackingaccesstoelectricityin2015)(AdvisoryPowerTeam2015;WorldBank2018).Disparitiesinaccessbasedonrural-urbanstatus,gender,andwealthalsoremainedpervasive.Forexample,86percentofurbanNigerians,butonly34percentofthoseinruralareashadaccesstoelectricityin2016(WorldBank2020).Similarly,over40percentofthosewithelectricityin2015–16wereconcentratedinthehighestwealthquintile,andmale-headedhouseholdswerebetween8

and40percentmorelikelytohaveaccess(WorldBank2016,2018).Recognizingtheurgencyofthecountry’senergyaccesssituation,theFederalGovernmentofNigeria(FGN)approvedtheRuralElectrificationStrategyandImplementationPlan

in2016,aimingto“expandaccesstoelectricityasrapidlyaspossibleina

cost-effectivemanner.

.

.

[using]bothgridandoff-gridapproaches”(REA2016).Minigridsandstand-alonesolarphotovoltaics(PV)systemswereexpectedtoplaya

keyroleinachievingthis

objective.Forexample,followingthefindingsofa

studybytheMinistryofPower,WorksandHousingthatidentifiedapproximately8,000potentialloadcentersaroundthecountrythatcouldbesuitableforminigridsandpower14percentofthepopulation,theNigerianElectricityRegulatoryCommissionissueda

regulatoryframeworkin2016thataimed

toaddressbarrierstothedevelopmentofthecountry’sminigridmarket(WorldBank2018).Insupportofthisobjective,theWorldBankapprovedtheNEPin2018toincreaseaccesstoelectricityservicesforhouseholds;publiceducationalinstitutions;andunderservedmicro,small,andmediumenterprises(MSMEs)(WorldBank2018).1

Inparticular,theNEPwasdesignedtoincentivizeandleverageprivatesectorinvestmentsandactivitiesintheconstructionandoperationofminigrids,aswellasinthesalesofstand-alonesolarhomesystems.Insodoing,itsoughttofosterthegrowthofa

vibrantmarketforminigridandoff-gridenergysolutions,whilesupportingtheFGN’sgoalofincreasingelectricityaccess.Section2ofthiscasestudyprovidesadetailedoverviewoftheNEPandrelatedpowersectorinvestments,followedbyan

overviewoftheNigerianlabormarketinsection3.Section4providesan

overviewofthemethodology.Section5

presentsa

discussionofthefindingsJOBSGENERATEDBYTHENIGERIAELECTRIFICATIONPROJECT1froma

seriesofkeyinformantinterviewsconductedwiththeprojectstakeholdersandbeneficiaries.Section6

summarizeskeybarriersandenablersasreportedduringtheinterviews.Section7

concludesthecasestudy.Endnote1. AdditionalinformationontheNEPisavailableat:/en/projects-operations/project-detail/P161885.2INTRODUCTIONTWOSUMMARY

OFRELEVANT

ENERGYINTERVENTIONSInadditiontotheRuralElectrificationStrategyandImplementationPlan,intheyearssincethepassageofthe2005ElectricPowerSectorReformAct,theFGNhaslaunchedaseriesofinitiativesandprogramstoexpandelectricityaccessandstrengthenthesustainabilityofthepowersector.TheseprogramshavesoughttodriveprogresstowardtheFGN’sambitiousdualgoalsofensuringthatby2030:(1)90percentofthepopulationhasaccesstoelectricity;and(2)30percentofthetotalenergyisderivedfromrenewablesources(SignifyFoundationandIntellecap2020).Theyhavealsosoughttoaddressthebarrierstoscalingupminigrids(suchastheabsenceofadequateviabilitygapfinancingandofcrediblemarketdata,whichhavedeterredinternationalinvestors)aswellasstand-alonePVsystems(suchashighimportdutiesandtaxesonimportedcomponents)(WorldBank2018).Forexample,theNational

Renewable

Energy

and

Energy

Efficiency

Policy

andtheNationalRenewable

Energy

Action

Plan

(2015–2030)—adoptedin2015and2016,respectively—outlinedrenewableenergyandenergyefficiencytargetsandaction

planstopromotethedevelopmentandfinancingofoff-gridrenewables.Theseeffortsalsoprovidedrecommendationsforadditionalregulationsandeconomicinstrumentstocreatean

enablingenvironmentfortheoff-gridsector,andsupportedresearch

anddevelopmentandtraining(SignifyFoundationandIntellecap2020).TheyalsocomplementedthelaunchoftheRural

Electrification

Fund

byNigeria’sRuralElectrificationAgency(REA)tohelpfinanceruralelectrificationexpansion,includingthroughminigridandoff-gridelectrificationsolutions(WorldBank2018).Similarly,thePower

Sector

Recovery

Program,

approvedin2017,aimedto“improvethefinancialviabilityofsectorcompanies,increasepowersupply,andstrengthensectorgovernanceandcontractenforcement,de-riskingthesectorforprivateinvestmentandputtingitona

pathtolong-termsustainability”(WorldBank2018).Itestablisheddata-drivenprocessesfordecision-makingwithinthesector(e.g.,throughthelaunchoftheNESISTATSonlineportal,whichwassetuptoincreaseaccesstovitalstatisticsonthepowersector,suchasontheperformanceofspecificdistributioncompanies,forconsumersandotherrelevantstakeholders).Inaddition,itdevelopedandimplementeda

sector-specificforeignexchangepolicyandpromotedtheadoptionofcost-reflectivetariffs.Insodoing,itsoughttosupportthecountry’soff-gridmarketanddriveelectricityaccessviaoff-gridrenewables(SignifyFoundationandIntellecap2020).Overviewof

the

NEPTheNEPwasinitiatedin2018withtheREA

astheprimaryimplementingagency.1

Itsdevelopmentobjective(toincreaseaccesstoelectricityservicesforhouseholds,publiceducationalinstitutions,andunderservedMSMEs)wasdesignedtobuildonandcomplementtheFGN’spriorandongoingpowersectorreformandexpansionefforts.2

Specifically,theNEPwasbrokendownintofourcomponents:1.

Solar

hybrid

mini

grids

for

rural

economic

development

($330million,ofwhich$150millionisfromtheWorldBankand$180millionfromprivatesectorfunding):ThisJOBSGENERATEDBYTHENIGERIAELECTRIFICATIONPROJECT5component,whichisthefocusofthiscasestudy,aimed

tosupportthedevelopmentofprivatesectorminigridsinunservedandunderservedareaswithhigheconomicgrowthpotential(WorldBank2018).Itwasexpectedthattheactivitiesunderthiscomponentwouldbeimplementedundera

market-basedapproach,wherebytheconstruction,operation,andmaintenanceofapproximately850economicallyviableminigridswouldlargelybeledbytheprivatesectorthroughsupportviatheprovisionofmarketintelligence(tolowerthecostsofidentifyingprospectivesitesandconductingnecessaryfinancialandsocialimpactassessments)andsubsidies(toreduceinitialcapitaloutlays).Thenewminigrids(expectedtobeprimarilysolargeneration,withbatterystorageanddiesel-basedbackupgeneration)wereexpectedtobebuiltinlinewithNigeria’sgridcodestandardtoenablefutureintegrationintothenationalgridnetwork.Twoinvestmentsubcomponentswereenvisionedtobeconductedinparallel:i.

A

minimum

subsidy

tender

for

mini

grids,

whichaimed

toinitiateimplementationbyhavingtheREA

select250prospectiveminigridsitesandinvitingbidsfromprivatesectordevelopersfortheminimumcapitalcostsubsidiesrequiredtoprovideelectricitytothesesites.Fora

subsetofsiteslocatedinareasthatdevelopersconsidertoorisky,theREA

alsoconsidereda

fullypublic-financedapproach,withtheprivatesector’srolelimitedtoconstructionandoperation.ii.

A

performance-based

grants

program,

whichaimed

touseperformance-basedgrants(initiallysetat$350perconnectedenduser)toincentivizeminigridoperatorstodeliverelectricityservicestonewcustomers.Table1

summarizesselectedindicatorsandtargetsforComponentI

oftheNEP.ItsmainbeneficiariesareexpectedtobehouseholdsandMSMEsthatreceiveneworimprovedaccesstoelectricityasa

resultoftheproject.2.

Stand-alone

solar

systems

for

homes

and

MSMEs

($305million,ofwhich$75millionisfromtheWorldBankand$230millionfromprivatesectorfunding):Theobjectiveofthiscomponentwastosupporttheexpansionofthemarketforstand-alonesolarsystemsTABLE

1SelectedIndicatorsand

Targetsfor

Component

1of

theNigeria

ElectrificationProjectCOMPONENTINDICATORTARGET300,000Solar

hybrid

mini

grids

for

rural

Householdsprovidedwithelectricityaccessbyminigridseconomic

developmentMSMEsprovidedwithelectricityaccessbyminigrids30,000Volume

of

result-based

financing

channeled

to

private

sector

mini

grid

developersNewgenerationcapacityofrenewableenergy(solar)installed$150million85megawattsSource:WorldBank2018.Note:MSME=micro,small,andmediumenterprise.6SUMMARYOFRELEvANTENERGYINTERvENTIONSinNigeria,withtheaimofprovidingaccesstoovera

millionNigerianhouseholdsandMSMEsatlowercoststhancurrentavailableoptions(e.g.,dieselgenerators).Inaddition,itsoughttosupportthedistributionof1

millionsolarlanternsoverthecourseoftheproject.A

market-basedapproachwasexpectedtobefollowedtoguideactivitiesundertwosubcomponents:i.

Market

scale-up

challenge

grants,

a

catalyticfundthatwouldofferperformancegrantstoqualified,large-scaleproviderstoacceleratesalestohouseholdsandMSMEsinordertoreduceriskforprivatesectorinvestorsandhelpmobilizecapitalfornewandestablishedfirmslookingtoscalerapidly.ii.

Performance-basedgrants,

whichwouldincludegrantsofupto20percentofthesystemcosttogranteesforeacheligiblesysteminstalledandverifiedbytheprivatesector.Thiswasexpectedtoallowfirmstofinancethenecessaryinvestmentsinthehumanresources,advertising,andlogisticsrequiredtoreachpotentialcustomers.3.

Energizing

Education

Programme:

Phase

II

($105millionfromtheWorldBank):Thiscomponentaimedtoprovidereliable,affordable,andsustainablepowertoa

totalofsevenfederaluniversitiesandtwoassociatedteachinghospitalsthroughtheinstallationofdedicatedsolar-hybridpowergenerationsystems(rangingincapacityfrom1

to14megawatts).Thecomponentisa

partofa

largerprogrambytheFGNthatisaimed

atelectrifying37federaluniversitiesandsevenuniversityteachinghospitalsacrossthecountry.PhaseI

oftheprogram,whichisfundedsolelybytheFGNandimplementedbytheREA,hasalreadybeenconcluded,withpowersystemsinstalledatninefederaluniversitiesandoneteachinghospital.PhaseIIIoftheprogramisfundedbytheAfricanDevelopmentBankundertheparallelNigeriaElectrificationProject3,

andtargetseightfederaluniversities(AfricanDevelopmentBankGroup2023).Unreliableandpoor-qualitypowersupplymeansthattheseinstitutionsoftenreliedonexpensiveon-sitedieselgenerators.However,gridperformancewasexpectedtoimproveinthefuture.Forthisreason,theinstalledpowersystemsweredesignedtobuildandimproveupontheexistinggridconnectionwithoutcuttingitoffentirely(theexistinggridsupplyisexpectedtocontinuetosupplypoweratcertain

hourstononcriticalloadsacrosstheuniversitycampuses).4.

Technical

assistance

($25million,ofwhich$20millionisfromtheWorldBankand$5millionfromcounterpartfunding):Thiscomponentaimed

tobuildthecapacityofkeyinstitutions(suchastheREA)fortheupscalingofruralelectrification,support,andprojectimplementation.Itsoughttosupportvariousactivities,forexample,strengtheningkeyinstitutions’capacityforimplementingenvironmentalandsocialsafeguards,developmentofstrategiesandstudies,technicalassistancetoassessthepotentialofdifferentfinancinginstruments,andmappingofthesupplychainfortheNigerianminigridindustry.Endnotes1. TheREA

isalsotheimplementingagencyfora

separateproject—alsocalledtheNigeriaElectrificationProject—thatwasapprovedbytheAfricanDevelopmentBank(AfDB)inJOBSGENERATEDBYTHENIGERIAELECTRIFICATIONPROJECT72018.TheAfDBproject’sobjectiveandcomponentstructure(includingitsfocusonsupportingminigriddevelopmentinthecountrythroughtheprovisionofcapitalsubsidies)closelymirrorthoseoftheWorldBankproject.AdditionalinformationabouttheAfDBprojectisavailableat:/dataportal/VProject/show/P-NG-F00-020.2. AppendixA

providesan

overviewofotherproposedandongoingWorldBankprojectswithwhichtheNEPwasdesignedtohavesynergies.3. /dataportal/VProject/show/P-NG-F00-020.8SUMMARYOFRELEvANTENERGYINTERvENTIONSTHREEOVERVIEW

OF

THELABOR

MARKETIn2014,NigeriaovertookSouthAfricatobecomethecontinent’slargesteconomybasedonnominalgrossdomesticproduct(GDP)(Deloitte2014).Thiswasa

significantachievementforthecountry,whichwasalreadythemostpopulousinAfrica.YetNigeriahasstruggledwithwidespreadsocioeconomicchallenges,includingpovertyandunemployment.In2018,astheNEPwaslaunched,forinstance,nearly40percentofthepopulationlivedonlessthan$1.90a

day(theinternationalpovertyline),a

ratethatmasksconsiderablerural-urbanaswellasstate-leveldisparities(WorldBank2020