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英语六级复习专题一完形填空-固定搭配

1.accountfor说明…的原因,是…的原因

2.acuse…of…控告;谴责

3.allowfor考虑到,顾及,为…留出预地

4.appealto诉诸,诉请裁决(或证实等)

5.bringabout导致,引起

6.calloff取消

7.carefor照顾,照料;喜欢

8.checkin(在旅馆、机场等)登记,报到

9.checkout结帐后离开,办妥手续离去

10.comeupwith提出,提供,想出

11.counton/upon依靠,指望

12.countup共计,算出…的总数

13.drawup起草,拟订;(使)停住

14.fallbackon借助于,依靠

15.getat够得着,触及;意思是,意指;查明,发现;指责

16.goinfor从事,参加;爱好

17.hangonto紧紧抓住;保留(某物)

18.turnout制造,生产;结果是;驱逐;关掉,旋熄

19.takeover接受,接管;借用,承袭

20.takein接受,吸收,接纳;理解,领会;欺骗;包括

21.stickout(把…)坚持到底;突出,显眼

22.stickto坚持,忠于,信守;紧跟,紧随;粘贴在…上

23.setout陈述,阐明;动身,起程;开始;摆放

24.setforth阐明,陈述

25.setabout开始,着手

26.putinfor正式申请

27.referto…as…相…称作,把…当作

28.payoff还清(债);付清工资解雇(某人);向…行贿;得到好结果,取得成功

29.makeupfor补偿,弥补

30.lookover把…看一遍,把…过目;察看,参观

31.lookthrough详尽核查;(从头至尾)浏览

32.liveon靠…生活,以…为食物liein(问题、事情等)在于

33.liein(问题、事情等)在于

34.letgo(of)放开,松手

35.holdout维持,保持;坚持(要求),不屈服

36.holdback踌躇,退缩;阻J匕抑制;隐瞒,保守(秘密等)

37.haveanadvantageover胜过.havetheadvantageof由于…处于有利条件havethe

advantageofsb。知道某人所不知道的事

38.takeadvantageof(=makethebestof,utilize,makeuseof,profitfrom,harness)

利用。

39.attribute…to…(二tobelievesth.tobetheresultof・・・)把。.归因于・・,认为。.

是。.的结果

40.beginwith以…开始.tobeginwith(二firstofall)首先,第一(经常用于开始

语)

41.onbehalfof(二astherepresentativeof)以・•,名义

42.getthebetterof(二defeatsb。)打败,胜过。

43.bybirth在出生上,论出身,按血统atbirth在出生时;givebirthto出生、

44.blamesb.forsth.因…责备窠人.blamesth.onsb.把…推在某人身上

45.inblossom开花(指树木)beinblossom开花(强调状态)comeintoblossom开花(强

调动作)

46.takethefloor起立发言

47.becapableof能够,看能力becapableofbeing+过去分词是能够被…的

48.compare…with把…与…比较

49.compare*,•to,,•把・••比作…

50.complainof(orabout)抱怨;诉苦;控告;complainabout抱怨某人或事情;complain

tosb.aboutsth.(orsb。)向某人抱怨…;complain(抱怨);complement(补充);

compliment(恭维)

51.delightin(二takegreatpleasureindoingstho)喜欢,取乐

52.take(a)delightin喜欢干…,以…为乐

53.demandsth.fromsb.向某人要求(物质向)东西

54.deprivesb.ofsth.剥夺某人某物

55.deviatefrom偏离,不隹…办

56.onadiet吃某种特殊饮食,节食

57.differfrom…in与…的区别在于…

58.disposeof(=getridof,throwaway)处理掉

59.beyonddispute不容争议的,无可争议

60.indispute在争议中

61.(be)distinctfrom(=bedifferentfrom)与…截然不同

62.distinguishbetween(=makeorrecognizedifferences)辨另lj

63.distinguish…from把…与…区别开

64.doawaywith(=getridof;abolish;discardeliminate)除去,废除,取消;doaway

with(=kill)杀掉,镇压

65.comeoffduty下班

66.atlarge(=atliberty,free)在逃,逍遥法外atlarge(=ingeneral)一般来说,

大体上atlarge(=atfulllength;withdetails)详细地

67.accuse***of***(=charge***with;blamesb.forsth.;blamesth.onsb.;complain

about)指控,控告

68.allowfor(=takeintoconsideration,takeintoaccount)考虑至lj,估计至U。

69.amountto(=tobeequalto)总计,等于。

70.answerfor(undertakeresponsibilityfor,beliablefor,takechargefor)对

负责。

71.abideby(=befaithfulto;obey)忠于;遵守

72.complywith(=actinaccordancewithademand,order,ruleetCo)遵守,依

73.applytosb.forsth.为…向…申请;applyfor申请;applyto适用。

74.applyto与…有关;适用

75.arisefrom(=becausedby)由…引起。

76.arriveon到达;arriveat到达某地(小地方);得出,作出;arrivein到达某地(大

地方);

77.beashamedof(二feelshame,guiltorsorrowbecauseofsth.done)以・・•为羞

78.assuresb.ofsth.(=trytocausetobelieveortrustinstho)向・••保证,使•••

确信。

79.attach(to)(二tofix,fasten;join)缚,系,结

80.attendto(=giveonefsattention,careandthought)注意,照顾;attend

on(upon)(=waitupon,serve,lookafter)侍候,照料

81.inaccordancewith(二inagreementwith)依照,根据

82.onone'sownaccount1)为了某人的缘故,为了某人自己的利益2)(二atone'sown

risk)自行负责3)(=byoneself)依靠白己onaccount赊账;onaccountof因为;

onnoaccount不论什么原因也不;of,,,account有…。.重要性。

83.take…intoaccount(二consider)把.。.考虑进去

84.accountfor(=giveanexplanationorreasonfor)解释,说明。

85.onaccountof(二becauseof)由于,因为。

86.beaccustomedto(=beinthehabitof,beusedto)习惯于。

87.beacquaintedwith(=tohaveknowledgeof)了解;(=tohavemetsocially)熟

88.acton奉行,按照…行动;actas扮演;actfor代理

adaptoneselfto(=adjustoneselfto)使自己适应于

89.adapt***(for)(=makesth.Suitableforanewneed)改编,改写(以适应新的需要)

90.inaddition(=besides)此外,又,加之

91.inadditionto(=aswellas,besides,otherthan)除,••夕卜

92.adhereto(=abideby,conformto,complywith,clingto,insiston,persist

in,observe,opinion,belief)粘附;坚持,道循

93.adjacent(=nextto,closeto)毗邻的,临近的

94.adjusto.(to)(二changeslightly)调节;适应;

英语六级复习专题二翻译一语法精要

I动词(时态,语态,用法,省略,一致性等)

时态

1)现在完成进行时态(have/hasbeen+-ing分词构成):动作或状态从过去某时开始,继

续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束.

I'vebeenwritinglettersforanhour.

I'vebeensittinginthegarden.

2)过去完成进行时(由hadbeen+ing分词构成):过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作

I'dbeenworkingforsometimewhenhecalled.

Wehadbeenwaitingforherfortwohoursbythetimeshecame.

3)将来完成进行时:将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作.

Bynextsummer,hewillhavebeenworkingherefortwentyyears.

Inanothermonth'stimeshe'11havebeenstudyinghereforthreeyears.

4)将来完成时(由shall/willhave+过去分词构成):将来某时会业已发生的事.

Ishallhavefinishedthisonebeforelunch.

They'11havehittheyear'stargetbytheendofOctober.

语态

可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如:

Hewassaidtobejealousofhersuccess.

Itwassaidthathewasjealousofhersuccess.

能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的

有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand

等.

Itissupposedthattheshiphasbeensunk.

Theshipissupposedtohavebeensunk.

担当besupposedto与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如:

Whyareyoudrivingsofastinthisarea?Youaresupposedtoknowthespeedtoknow

thespeedlimit.(你应该晓得速度限制)

双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态

双宾语结构的被动语态:双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主

语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语.

Hewasaskedanumberofquestionsatthepressconference.

Twodayswereallowedthemformakingthenecessarypreparations.

宾补结构的被动语态:

ShewascalledBigSisterbyeverybody.

Thenhewasmadeasquadleader.

Hewasconsideredquitequalifiedforthejob.

Theroomwasalwayskeptcleanandtidy.

短语动词

Vi+adv

Theplanetookofftwohourslate.

Vi+prep

TheylookedroundtheCathedral.

Vi+prep(有被动语态)

She,slookingafterhersister'schildren.

Thechildrenwerealwayswelllookedafter.

Vi+adv+prep

Ibegantolookforwardtotheirvisits.

Vt+0+adv

Somewomenchoosetostayathomeandbringuptheirchildren.

Thechildrenwerebroughtupbytheirmother.

Theytookhimon.

Vt+adv+0(无被动语态)

Iamtryingtogiveupsmoking.

Vt+0+prep

WetalkedDonaldintoagreement.

省略

在以as,than,when,if,unless等引导的从句中的省略:在有些状语从句中,如果谓语包

含有动词be,主语又和主句的主语一致a),或者主语是itb),就常常可以把从句中的主语和

谓语的一部分(特别是动词be)省略掉.

Lookoutforcarswhencrossingthestreet.

Whentakenaccordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffects.

Whiletherehejoinedinvoluntarylabouronaproject.

Althoughnotyetsixmonthsold,shewasabletowalkwithoutsupport.

Ifnotwellmanaged,irrigationcanbeharmful.

Thoughreducedinnumbers,theygainedinfightingcapacity.

Thisviewpoint,howeverunderstandable,iswrong.

Enemies,oncediscovered,weretightlyencircledandcompletelywipedout.

Shehurriedlylefttheroomasthough/ifangry.

Sheworkedextremelyhardthoughstillratherpoorinhealth.

Fillintheapplicationasinstructed.

Wheneverknown,suchfactsshouldbereported.

Thedocumentswillbereturnedassoonassigned.

Hesaidthatnoacrobatcouldeverperformthosedaringfeatsunlesstrainedvery

young.

Oncehavingmadeapromise,youshouldkeepit.

IfnecessaryI'11havetheletterduplicated.

Fillintheblankswitharticleswhere(ver)necessary.

Ifpossible,Ishouldliketohavetwocopiesofit.

Asscheduled,theymetonJanuary20attheChineseEmbassy.

在以thana)或asb)引起的从句中,常会有一些成分省略.

Hetoldmenottousemorematerialthan(itis)necessary.

Weshouldthinkmoreofthecollectivethanofourselves.

Theyworkedwithasmuchenthusiasmasyoungpeople(did).

Heisnowavice-manager,butstilloftenworksinthekitchenasbefore.

Theirtrainingisfree,asisal1education.

Wewill,asalways,standonyourside.

错误的省略

HislifeisasfullycommittedtobooksasanyoneIknow.

Whilestandingthereinhernightgown,twobulletsstruckthewallbesideher.

一致

如果主语是单数,尽管后面跟有with,togetherwith,aswellas,asmuchas,noless

than,morethan等引导的短语,谓语动词仍旧用单数形式.

Terry,alongwithherfriend,goesskatingeverySaturday.

Anexpert,togetherwithsomeassistants,wassenttohelpinthiswork.

Thecaptain,aswellasthecoaches,wasdisappointedintheteam.

代词作主语时的一致

each,either,neither和由some,any,no,every构成的复合代词,都作单数看待.

Eachofushassomethingtosay.

Iseverybodyready?

Somebodyisusingthephone.

Neitherofushasgonethroughregulartraining.

Ilaseitherofthemtoldyou?

some,few,both,many等作复数

some可后接复数,也可接单数,表示某一.

none作复数看待时较多,但也有时作单数看待,主要看说话人脑中联系想到的是复数还是单

数概念,但none在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数:

Noneofthebooksareeasyenoughforus

Noneofusseemtohavethoughtofit.

None(=notasingleone)ofushasgotacamera.

None(=nobody)hasfeltitmorekeenlythanshedid.

Noneofthisworriesme.

all和most可后接复数,也可接不可数名词(allofthe…,mostofthe…),动词用单

数.

由and或both…and连接名词词组时,后用复数;由notonly…but(also),either…or,

neither…nor或or连接的并列主语,谓语通常和最邻近的主语一致.

Notonlytheswitchesbutalsotheoldwritinghasbeenchanged.

Mysisterormybrotherislikelytobeathome.

EitheryouorMrYangistodothework.

NeithermywifenorImyselfamabletopersuademydaughtertochangehermind.

如果一个句子是由there或here引导,而主语又不止一个,谓语通常也和最邻近的那个主

语一致.

Therewascarvedintheboardadragonandaphoenix.

Hereisapen,afewenvelopesandsomepaperforyou.

people,police,cattle,poultry(家禽),militia(民兵)等通常都用作复数.

Cattlearegrazingonthepasture.

Thepolicearelookingforhim.

有些集体名词有时作单数看待,有时作复数看待,主要根据意思来决定.

Hisfamilyisn'tverylarge.

Hisfamilyareallmusiclovers.

Thecommitteemeetstwiceamonth.

Thecommitteearedividedinopinion.

Theaudiencewasenormous.

Theaudienceweregreatlymovedatthewords.

有些名词单复数同形,可根据意思决定谓语动词的数:

Thisnewseriesisbeginningnextmonth.

Thesenewseriesarebeginningnextmonth.

Thisspeciesisnowextinct.

Thesespeciesarenowextinct.

表示时间,重量,长度,价值等的名词,尽管仍是复数形式,如果作整体看待,动词也可

用单数形式(当然用复数动词也是可以的):

Threeweekswasallowedformakingthenecessarypreparations.

Onehundredliwascoveredinasinglenight.

其他问题

书名,国家名用单数:

TalesfromShakespeareisabookbyCharlesLamb.

学科名,如mathematics,economics用单数.

manya或mor。thanone所修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式:

Manyapersonhashadthatkindofexperience.

Morethanonepersonhasinvolvedinthecase.

anumberof后接复数,thenumberof后接单数:

Anumberofbookshavebeenpublishedonthesubject.

Thenumberofbookspublishedonthesubjectissimplyamazing.

oneofthose后用单数.在“oneof+复数名词+关系分句”结构中,关系分句中谓语动

词的单复数形式在一般情况下有两形式,一是根据先行词采用复数形式:

Joanisoneofthosepeoplewhogooutoftheirwaytobehelpful.

当one之前友theonly等限定词和修饰语时,关系分句谓语动词根据one而定,即采用

单数形式:

Heistheonlyoneofthoseboyswhoiswillingtotakeonanotherassignment.

II非谓语动词

不定式

形式

主动形式被动形式

一般式todotobedone

完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone

进行式tobedoing

完成进行式tohavebeendoing

完成式:不定式的一般形式所表示的动作,通常与主要谓语表示的动作(状态)同时(或几乎

同时)发生,或是在它之后发生.假如不定式所表示的动作,在谓语所表示的动作(状态)之

前发生,就要用不定式的完成式.

Iamgladtohaveseenyourmother(=IamgladIhaveseenyourmother).

仕匕较:Iamgladtoseeyou.)

Heissaidtohavewrittenanewbookaboutworkers.

Hepretendednottohaveseenme.

进行式:如果主要谓语表示的动作(状态)发生时,不定式表示的动作正在进行,这时要用

不定式的进行式.

Youarenotsupposedtobeworking.Youhavenytquiterecoveredyet.

WedidnTtexpectyoutobewaitingforushere.

Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively.

完成进行式:在谓语所表示的时间之前一直进行的动作,就要用不定式的完成进行式.

Thestrugglewasknowntohavebeengoingfortwentyyears.

Wearehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.

被动式:当不定式的逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被

动形式.

Itisanhonourformetobeaskedtospeakhere.

Shehatedtobeflattered.

Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce.

Thisisboundtobefoundout.

Therearealotofthingstobedone.

Shewastooyoungtobeassignedsuchwork.

功用:不定式可以作主语(a),宾语(b),表语(c),定语(d)或是状语(e).

a.Toscoldherwouldnotbejust.

b.Weareplanningtobuildareservoirhere.

c.Oneofourmaintasksnowistomechanizeagriculture.

d.Doyouhaveanythingtodeclare?

e.Wehavecometolearnfromyou.

不带to的不定式:

在“动词+宾语+不定式”结构中,如果动词是表示感觉意义的see,hear,watch,smell,

feel,notice等,或是表示“致使"意义的have,make,let等,其后的不定式结构不带

to.

Johnmadehertellhimeverything.

这类结构转换为被动语态时,后面的不带to的不定式一般还原为带to的不定式.

Shewasmadetotellhimeverything.

在hadbetter,hadbest,wouldrather,wouldsooner,wouldjustassoon,might(just)

aswell,cannotbut等搭配之后,动词不定式也不带to.

I'drathernothaveeggsandbaconforbreakfast.

Theycannotbutaccepthisterm.

在makedo,makebelieve,letdrop,letfall,letfly,letslip,letdrive,letgo

of,lettherebe,hearsay,heartell,leavegoof等固定搭配中,用不带to的动词

不定式.

Johnletflyatorrentofabuseatme.

I'veheardtellofhim.

在动词help(或help+宾语)之后可用不带to的不定式,也可用带to的不定式.

CanIhelp(to)liftthisheavybox?

在介词except,but之后,如果其前有动词do的某种形式,不定式一般不带to,反之带

to.

Thereisnothingtodoexceptwaittillitstopsraining.

Smithwilldoanythingbutworkonafarm.

There'snochoicebuttowaittillitstopsraining.

连词ratherthan,soonerthan置于句首时,其后的不定式不带to.

Ratherthanpushthebookbackashewantedtodo,heforcedhimselftopickitup.

出现在句中其他位置时,其后的不定式有时带to,有时不带to.

Hedecidedtowriteratherthantelephone.

Themanagerbelievesitisimportanttoinvestinnewmachineryratherthanto

increasewages.

用作补语的动词不定式,如果主语是由“all+关系分句”,“thing+关系分句”,“what分

句”或“thing+不定式结构”等构成,并带有do的某种形式,这时,作为主语补语的不定

式可以省to,也可以不省.

Whathewilldois(to)spoilthewholething.

Allyoudonowiscompletetheform

TheonlythingIcandonowisgoonbymyself.

Thethingtodonowisclearupthismess.

TheleastIcandoisdriveeverybodyelseclosertotheissue.

不定式的其他用法

too…to结构通常表示否定意义:

Shewastooyoungtounderstandallthat.

enough…to结构则表示肯定意义:

Shewasnotoldenoughtounderstandallthat.

nottoo,buttoo,alltoo,onlytoo等和不定式连用时,不定式一般不表示否定意义:

He'sonlytoopleasedtohelpher.

so-as(to)这种结构也可用不定式作状语:

Besokindastodropinsometimewhenyouarefree.

如果要说明不定是表示的动作是谁做的,可以在不定式前加一个for引起的短语:

Itisnothardforonetodoabitofgood.

Itisagreathonourforustobepresentatthisrally.

在以某些形容词(如kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,silly,wrong,right,

foolish,stupid,careless,considerate,rude,naughty,impolite等)作表语时,不

定式前可加一个of引起的短语,来说明不定式指的是谁的情况:

It'skindofyoutothinksomuchofus.

(Itis)Awfullygoodofyoutocomeandmeetus.

It'sveryniceofyoutobesoconsiderate.

It'sunwiseofthemtoturndowntheproposal.

V+ing形式(现在分词及动名词)

形式

完成式:如果要表示动名词代表的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生,通常用动名词的完

成形式.

Hedidn'tmentionhavingmetme.

Iregretnothavingtakenheradvice.

在某些动词后(或成语中),常用(或可以用)动名词的一般形式,尽管动作是在谓语所表示

的动作之前发生的.

Excusemeforcominglate.

Idon,tremembereverseeinghimanywhere.

现在分词的完成式主要用在状语中,表示这动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生.

Havingbeentheremanytimes,heofferedtobeourguide.

Havingfoundthecause,theywereabletoproposearemedy.

另外,独立结构也可用现在分词的完成形式.

Theguestshavingleft,theyresumedtheirdiscussion.

Thechildren,havingeatingtheirfill,wereallowedtoleavethetable.

被动式:当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这动作的对象时,动名词一般要用被动形

式.

Hisbeingneglectedbythehostaddedtohisuneasiness.

Hecouldn,tbearbeingmadefunoflikethat.

但要注意,在want,need,deserve,require等动词后,尽管表示的是被动的意思,却用

动名词的主动形式.

Mypenneedsfilling.

Thepointdeservesmentioning.

Thisproblemrequiresstudyingwithgreatcare.

在worth这个形容词后情形也是这样.

Hermethodisworthtrying.

现在分词的被动式可以用来作定语,宾语补足语,状语及用于独立结构中.

Thisisoneoftheexperimentsbeingcarriedoninourlaboratory.

You'11findthetopicbeingdiscussedeverywhere.

Beingaskedtogiveaperformance,shecouldn'tverywellrefuse.

Thesearesoldatreducedprices,thedefectsalwaysbeingpointedouttothe

customers.

完成被动式:如果表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生,有时需要用动名词的完成被动

式.

Idon'trememberhavingeverbeengivenachancetotrythismethod.

但在多数情况下都避免使用这一形式,而用一般被动形式代替,以免句子显得累赘.

现在分词的完成被动式一般用来作状语或用于独立结构中.

Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance,howcouldsheletitslipaway?

Thedecisionhavingbeenmade,thenextproblemwashowtomakeagoodplan.

Allthecompositionshavingbeenwrittenandcollected,theteachersentthestudents

home.

句法功用

作主语:

Walkingisgoodexercise.

It'snicetalkingtoyou.

Thereisnodenyingthefactthatthenewmethodhasgreatlyraisedlabour

productivity.

作宾语:

Yourshoesneedpolishing.

Youmustn,tdelaysendingthetractorsover.

Heavoidedgivingusadefiniteanswer.

作介词宾语:动名词作介词宾语用的时候最多.它常可以用在某些成语后面,常见的有:

insiston,persistin,thinkof,dreamof,objectto,suspect…of,accuse…of,

charge…with,hearof,approveof,prevent…from,keep…from,stop・・・from,refrain

from,beengagedin,lookforwardto,opposedto,dependon,thank…for,feellike,

excuse***for,aimat,devote^'to,setabout,spend・・・in,get(be)usedto,befond

of,becapableof,beafraidof,betiredof,besickof,succeedin,beinterested

in,feel(be)ashamedof,beproudof,bekeenon,beresponsiblefor.

作表语:

Therealproblemisgettingtoknowtheneedsofthepeople.

动名词和不定式都可以作主语或表语.一般说来,在表示抽象的一般的行为时多用动名词;

在表示具体某词动作,特别是将来的动作时;多用不定式.

作宾语补足语:分词可以在see,hear,notice,watch,feel,find,keep,get,have

等动词后作宾语补足语.

Thewordsimmediatelysetusalllaughing.

Oncewecaughthimdozingoffinclass.

Hisremarkleftmewonderingwhathewasdrivingat.

在see,hear,feel,watch,notice等动词后,及可用现在分词,也可用不定式构成宾语

补足语.用现在分词时,表示动作正在发生,用不定式时表示动作发生了.

Doyouhearsomeoneknockingatthedoor?

Yes,Idid.Iheardhimknockthreetimes.

作状语:现在分词作状语时,通常都表示主语正在进行的另一动作,来对谓语表示的主要

动作加以修饰或作为陪衬.

Iranoutofthehouseshouting.

Igothome,feelingverytired.

DrivingtoChicagothatnight,Iwasstruckbyasuddenthought.

现在分词短语有时可以用作状语表示原因,相当于一个表示原因的状语从句.

Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn,tgetintouchwithher.

Seeingnobodyathome,shedecidedtoleavethemanote.

Havingalreadyseenthefilmtwice,shedidn'twanttogotothecinema.

现在分词短语有时可用作时间状语,相当于when引起的从句:

Seeingthosepictures,hecouldn,thelpthinkingofthosememorabledaystheyspent

together.

如果两个动作是完全同时发生的,多用when或while加分词这种结构.

Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.

Whenleavingtheairport,theywavedagainandagaintous.

ShegottoknowthemwhileattendingaconferenceinBeijing.

前面带有代词或名词的动名词结构:一个动名词前面可以加一个物主代词(或名词的所有格

结构),来表示这个动名词逻辑上的主语.

Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.

Oursoleworryisyourrelyingtoomuchonyourself.

Doyoumindmyreadingyourpaper?

Theyinsistedonmystayingthereforsupper.

如果不是在句子开头,这个结构常常可以用名词的普通格(或人称代词宾格),这比用所有

格更自然一些.

Idon'tmindhimgoing.

Shehatespeoplelosingtheirtemper.

只能用动名词作宾语的动词:suggest,finish,avoid,stop,can'thelp,mind,admit,

enjoy,leaveoff,require,postpone,putoff,delay,practise,fancy,excuse,pardon,

advise,consider,deny,endure,escape,miss

既可用动名词,也可用不定式作宾语的动词:love,like,hate,dislike,begin,start,

continue,intend,attempt,can'tbear,propose,want,need,remember,forget,

regret,neglect,try,deserve,can'tafford等.

有时两种结构之间意义差别不大,有时却有不同的意思.在remember,regret,want,try

等词后差别是比较明显的.

Irememberseeingheroncesomewhere.

Imustremembertotakemynotebookswithme.

Iregretnothavingacceptedyouradvice.

IregrettosayIhavenytgivenyouenoughhelp.

Shedoesn,twant(need)tocome.

Thehousewants(needs)cleaning.

Wemusttrytogeteverythingdoneintime.

Let'strydoingtheworksomeotherway.

悬垂修饰:分词作状语时,表示的必须是主语的一个动作或状态.

Walkingthroughthepark,wesawalotofflowers,(walking是we的动作,正确)

Walkingthroughthepark,theflowerslookedverybeautiful.(错误)

Standingonthetower,wecouldseethewholecity.(正确)

Standingonthetower,thewholevillagecouldbeseen.(错误)

分词

意义:过去分词通常来自及物动词,带有被动意义和完成意义;而现在分词有的来自及物

动词,有的来自不及物动词,通常带有主动意义和未完成意义.

frozenfoodafreezingwind

aboredtravelleraboringjourney

alostcausealosingbattle

aconqueredarmyaconqueringarmy

afinishedarticlethelastfinishingtouch

thespokenwordaspeakingbird

aclosedshoptheclosinghour

arecordedtalkarecordingmachine

来自不及物动词的过去分词很少能单独用作前置修饰语,能作这样用的仅限于下面几个词,

仅表示完成意义,不表示被动意义.

therisensun,fallenleaves,faded/witheredflowers,returnedstudents,retired

workers,departedfriends,escapedprisoners,thevanishedjewels,newly-arrived

visitors

用作后置修饰语的过去分词一般都带有修饰语或其他成分,在意义上相当于关系分句.

Mostofthepeopleinvitedtothereceptionwereoldfriends.

句法作用

作定语:distinguishedguest贵宾,unknownheroes无名英雄,armedforces武装部队,

cannedfood罐头食品,boiledwater开水,steamedbread馒头,strickenarea灾区

分词还可构成合成词作定语:simply-furnishedroom陈设简单的房间,clear-cutanswer

明确的答复,highly-developedindustry高度发展的工业,heartfeltthanks衷心的感谢,

hand-madegoods手工制品,man-madesatellite人造卫星

作补足语:可以带过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有:

see,hear,feel,find,think等表示感觉和心理状态的动词.

Isawthestudentsassembledinthehall.

Wefoundhergreatlychanged.

make,get,have,keep等表示“致使”意义的动词:

Ihavemyhaircuteverytendays.

Shegotherbadtoothpulledout.

Pleasekeepusinformedofthelatestdevelopments,

like,want,wish,order等表示希望,要求,命令等意义的动词:

Idon'twantanyofyou(tobe)involvedinthescandal.

Hewon,tlikesuchquestions(tobe)discussedatthemeeting.

过去分词短语常用作状语,修饰谓语,很多都说明动作发生的背景或情况.

Guidedbytheseprinciples,theywentonwiththework,

Delightedwithherwork,theymadeherthegeneralmanager.

过去分词短语也可作状语表示原因,相当于一个表示原因的状语从句.

Influencedbyhisexample,theyperformedcountlessgooddeeds.

有时也可说明动作发生的时间,相当于一个表示时间的状语从句.

Thismethod,triedinareasnearShanghai,resultedinamarkedriseintotal

production.

间或也可表示一个假设的情况,相当于一个条件从句.

Givencloseranalysis,wecanseethisistotallywrong.

偶尔也可用来代替一个“让步”状语从句.

Picked20yearsayear,itgrowstiredonlyafter40or50years.

独立结构:在用分词短语作状语时,它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一,致•但有时

它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语,这种结构称为独立结构,一般表示一种伴随的动作

或情况.

Herushedintotheroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.

有时可以表示时间:

Latethatautumn,hisworkfinished,hepreparedtoreturntohisinstitute.

表示原因:

Hereyesdimmedwithtears,shedidnotseehimenter.

条件:

Allthingsconsidered,herpaperisofgreatervaluethanyours,

m虚拟语气

that从居中:

wish,wouldrather(sooner),hadbetter:

IwishIwereasstrongasyou.

IwishIhadpaidmoreattentiontoourpronunciation.

IwishIrememberedtheaddress.

Iwouldrathertheycametomorrow(youhadgonetheretoo).

Ihadrather(that)youtoldhimthanIdid.

suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist等动词后的宾语

从句:

Thecommanderorderedthatallcivilians(should)beevacuated.

Heaskedthathebegivenanopportunitytotry.

Sheurgedthathewriteandacceptthepost,

itisdesired,itissuggested,itisrequested,itwasordered,itwasproposed,

itisnecessary,itisimportant,ithasbeendecided等结构后的主语从句中.

Itwasarrangedthattheyleavethefollowingweek

Itwillbebetterthatwemeetsomeothertime.

suggestion,motion,proposal,order,recommendations,plan,idea等后面的表语从

句和同位语从句:

Hissolerequirementis(was)thatthysystembeadjusted.

在某些句型中

itistimethat

Itistimethatwewent(或shouldgo)tobed.

Itishightimewe(should)putanendtothiscontroversy,

asif(though)引起的从句:

Theytalked(aretalking)asiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.

Itseemsasifitwas(were)springtoday.

Heacts(acted)asif(though)hewere(was)anexpert.

以lest,forfearthat和incase引起的从句(这时谓语多用should+动词原形):

Hetookhisraincoatwithhimlestitshouldrain.

Heputhiscoatoverthechildforfearthat(或lest)heshouldcatchcold.

I'11keepaseatforyouincaseyoushouldneedit.

以whatever,whoever,nomatterwhat这类代词或词组引起的从句(这时,谓语多用may

加动词原形构成):

Whateverdefectshemayhave,heisanhonestman.

Comewhatmay,wewillgoahead.

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