中考英语二轮复习课件：专题十四并列句和复合句

专题十四并列句和复合句中考考点梳理考点分类突破考点1

并列句并列句是由并列连词把两个或两个以上相互独立的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。有时也可不用连词,只用逗号或分号。并列连词的分类表并列关系and,both...and...,notonly...but

also...,aswellas等表转折关系but,yet,still,while,however等表选择关系or,either...or...,neither...nor...,not...but...等表因果关系so,for,therefore等考点2

宾语从句(1)在复合句中充当宾语的句子叫作宾语从句。引导句that起连接主从句的作用,一般可以省略。I’mafraid(that)Ihavemadeamistake.恐怕我犯了一个错误。引导词what,which,who,whose,whom等连接代词在从句中作成分。Idon’tknowwhattheyaregoingtodo.我不知道他们打算做什么。when,where,why,how等连接副词在从句中作状语。Doyouknowhowtheyfoundtheplace?你知道他们怎么找到那个地方的吗?引导词当宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来时,连接词用whether或if,意为“是否”。CouldyoutellmewhetheritsnowsinwinterinAustralia?你能告诉我澳大利亚冬天是否下雪吗?语序从句一律用陈述语序,即“主语＋谓语”结构。DoyouknowwhereTomlives?你知道Tom住在哪儿吗?时态主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况使用相应时态。IthinkJoewenttoBeijingyesterday.我认为Joe昨天去北京了。时态主句是一般过去时,从句使用过去的某种时态。KatesaidshewaswatchingTVthistimeyesterday.Kate说昨天这个时候她在看电视。从句表示的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等时,不管主句使用什么时态,从句都用一般现在时。MissHusaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.胡老师说地球绕着太阳转。(续表)(2)宾语从句的简化①当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等时,从句可简化为不定式结构。IhopethatIcanreceiveyoure-mail.＝Ihopetoreceiveyoure-mail.我希望收到你的电子邮件。②当含有疑问词的宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn等时,从句可简化为“疑问词＋不定式”结构。Shedoesn’tknowwhatsheshoulddonext.＝Shedoesn’tknowwhattodonext.她不知道下一步该做什么。③宾语从句可以简化为名词或名词短语。Idon’tbelievewhatTomsaid.＝Idon’tbelieveTom’swords.我不相信Tom说的话。口诀记忆宾语从句的用法宾语从句三注意,时态、语序、引导词。主句一般现在时,从句时态随句意。主句若是过去时,主从时态要一致。宾从表达是真理,一般现在代过去。引导词也不难,陈述要用that连。一般问句表“是否”,if或whether来引导。特殊问句作宾从,疑问词引导就能行。还有一点要说明,陈述语序要记清。主句动词“猜想”词,“否定转移”莫忘记。特殊用法记心间,学好宾从不一般。

以下情况只能用whether不用if①动词不定式前只能用whether。Ican’tdecidewhethertostay.我不能决定是否留下。②后有ornot时用whether。Iwanttoknowwhetherit’sgoodnewsornot.我想知道这是否是好消息。③介词后只能用whether。Hisfatherisworriedaboutwhetherhewilllosehiswork.他的父亲担心他是否会失去工作。④宾语从句放在句首表示强调时只能用whether。Whetherthisistrue,Ireallydon’tknow.这是否是真的,我真不知道。⑤句中已有if引导的状语从句或当用if会发生歧义时用whether。Couldyoutellmewhetheryouknowtheanswer?你能告诉我你是否知道答案吗?考点3

状语从句状语从句在复合句中起状语作用,用来修饰主句中的谓语、定语或状语,有时可修饰整个句子。常见的状语从句:类别连词(词组)例句时间状语从句when当…时;since

自从;until直到……为止;assoon

as

一…就……;before在……之前Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenhecame.当他来的时候,我正在做作业。条件状语从句if如果;unless除非We’llgotoseeyouifwearefree.如果我们有空,我们就去看你。原因状语从句because

因为;since因为,既然;as

由于Sinceeveryoneishere,let’sstartthemeeting.既然大家都在这儿,我们开会吧。(续表)类别连词(词组)例句目的状语从句so

that为了Pleasespeakslowlysothatwecanfollowyou.请讲慢点,以便我们能跟上你。结果状语从句so/such...that...

如此……以至于……Wegotupsolatethatwemissedtheearlybus.我们起得太晚了,以至于错过了早班车。让步状语从句although/though尽管Theairisaroundus,thoughwecan’tseeit.空气在我们周围,尽管我们看不到它。类别连词(词组)例句比较状语从句than

比;as...as...和……一样……;not

so/as...as...

不如……那样……ItwasmuchbetterthanI’dexpected.它比我期待的要好得多。方式状语从句as

像Wedidastheteachertoldus.我们按照老师告诉我们的做。地点状语从句where哪里Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者,事竟成。考点4

定语从句定语从句在复合句中修饰名词或代词,在句中起定语的作用。被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词功能先行词例句that,who主语、宾语、表语人Doyouknowthegirlwhooftencomeshere?你认识经常来这儿的那个女孩吗?whom宾语He’s

the

boy

(whom)

I

talked

with

just

now.他就是刚才和我说话的男孩。关系词功能先行词例句that,which主语、宾语、表语事、物Adictionaryisabookthatgivesthemeaningofwords.字典是一本解释单词意思的书。时间I’ll

never

forget

the

days,which

we

spent

together.我将永远不会忘记我们在一起的日子。that,which主语、宾语、表语地点Theschool(that)wevisitedyesterdayisafamousoneinShanghai.昨天我们参观的那所学校是上海的一所名校。whose定语人、物What’sthenameoftheboywhosefatherisadoctor?父亲是名医生的那个男孩叫什么名字?关系词功能先行词例句when时间状语时间Istillrememberthedaywhenwemet.我还记得我们见面的那天。where地点状语地点ThisistheplacewhereIstudiedlastyear.这是我去年学习的地方。why原因状语原因Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyouarelate.请告诉我你迟到的原因。

(1)只用that不用which的情况:①当先行词是不定代词(all,little,few,much,something,anything,everything等)或先行词被不定代词修饰时。Thereisnothingthatcanstophimfromdoingit.没有什么能阻止他做这件事。②当先行词既有指人的名词又有指物的名词时。Hedescribedinhisbookthepeopleandplacesthatinterestedhimmost.他在书中描述了最让他感兴趣的人和地方。③先行词前有序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时,或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词的最高级时。ThisisthebestbookthatIhavereadthisyear.这是我今年读过的最好的书。④当先行词被theonly,thevery等修饰时。Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.他是唯一去过那个地方的外国人。⑤主句是who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。Whoistheboythatisplayingfootball?正在踢足球的那个男孩是谁?(2)只用which不用that的情况:①先行词本身是that,those时。What’sthatwhichmadesomuchnoisejustnow?刚才发出那么大噪声的是什么?②一个句子中有两个定语从句时,为避免重复,一个用that,另一个用which。LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopen.我给你看看那本我从新开放的图书馆借来的小说。(3)用who不用that的情况:先行词如果是指人的不定代词(one,anyone,noone,all,nobody,anybody,none等)不宜用that。专项能力检测单项选择1.(2022·江苏宿迁)—Jenny,doyouknow

A

⁠?

—Er,nextTuesday.A.whenthesportsmeetingwilltakeplaceB.whenwillthesportsmeetingtakeplaceC.wherethesportsmeetingwilltakeplaceD.wherewillthesportsmeetingtakeplaceA

2.(2022·湖北武汉)—Canyoutellme

D

⁠?

—Togetpracticalskills.A.whatdoyoulearnaboutsafetyB.whendoyouhavetheartfestivalC.howyoubalanceyourstudiesandhobbiesD.whyyoulearncookingatschool3.(2022·四川乐山改编)—Whatkindofbooksdoyoulikebest?—Ilikebooks

C

⁠areaboutscienceandtechnology.

A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whoseD

C

4.(2022·湖南岳阳改编)Theywonder

A

⁠.

A.ifrobotswillthinklikeahumanin25to50yearsB.ifwillrobotsthinklikeahumanin25to50yearsC.whenrobotswillthinklikeahumanin25to50yearsD.whenwillrobotsthinklikeahumanin25to50years5.(2022·湖南邵阳改编)—Whatkindofmusicdoyoulike,Linda?—Ilikemusic

B

⁠Icandanceto.

A.whenB.thatC.whatD.whereA

B

6.(2022·甘肃武威)Iwonder

C

⁠.

A.thatAprilisthehottestmonthinThailandB.doyouknowwhereIcanbuysomemedicineC.whetherJuneisagoodtimetovisitGansuD.howcanIimprovemypronunciation7.(2022·云南)—Yourstampsaresofantastic.Couldyoupleasetellme

D

⁠?

—Oh,Iboughttheminthepostofficenexttothebank.A.whydidyoubuythemB.wheredidyoubuythemC.whyyouboughtthemD.whereyouboughtthemC

D

8.(2022·黑龙江绥化改编)Ican’tforgettheteachersandtheuniversity

A

⁠Ivisitedtwoyearsago.Theybringmemanysweetmemories.

A.thatB.whichC.whatD.who9.(2022·江苏扬州)—Excuseme,couldyoutellme

D

⁠?

—YoucantakebusNo.6there.It’sabout15minutes’ride.A.howfaristheSlenderWestLakeB.howfartheSlenderWestLakeisC.howcanIgettotheSlenderWestLakeD.howIcangettotheSlenderWestLakeA

D

10.(2022·四川成都改编)Romeisanancientcity

B

⁠isfullofplacesofinterest.

A.whereB.whichC.whoD.where11.(2022·四川成都改编)—Iwonder

B

⁠lifewillbedifferentinthefuture.

—Maybewewillbeabletoliveonanotherplanetwiththedevelopmentofspacetechnology.A.whenB.howC.whatD.whoseB

B

12.(2022·重庆)—Excuseme,doyouknow

B

⁠?

—Yes.NextFriday.A.whenwillthevolunteerscomebackB.whenthevolunteerswillcomebackC.howwillthevolunteerscomebackD.howthevolunteerswillcomebackB

13.(2022·重庆)—Canyoutellme

B

⁠?

—Yes.Inthelanguagecenter.A.wherewillthespeechcompetitionbeheldB.wherethespeechcompetitionwillbeheldC.whenwillthespeechcompetitionbeheldD.whenthespeechcompetitionwillbeheldB

14.(2022·四川泸州)—Couldyoutellme

D

⁠forthefruit?

—Youcanjustpayonthephone.A.howmuchwillIpayB.howwillIpayC.howmuchIwillpayD.howIwillpayD

15.(2022·四川达州)—Doyoulikethemovie

A

⁠iscalledThe

Battle

at

Lake

Changjin?

—Sure.Ithinknomovieis

A

⁠thanit.

A.that;moretouchingB.what;lesstouchingC.that;moretouchedD.which;lesstouchedA

A

16.(2022·四川达州)—Iwonder

D

⁠lateforschoolyesterday.

—Badluck!Igotuplateandmissedthebus.A.howyouwereB.whywereyouC.howwereyouD.whyyouwere17.(2022·四川自贡改编)—WhatdoyouthinkoftheMonkeyKing?—Ithinkhe’sahero

A

⁠keepsfightingtohelptheweakpeople.

A.whoB.whereC.whoseD.whenD

A

18.(2022·四川自贡改编)—Thismathexerciseis

C

⁠difficult

C

⁠Ican’tworkitout.

—Comeon!Useyourheadandyouwillfindaway.A.such;thatB.so;whichC.so;thatD.such;whichC

C

19.(2022·江苏连云港)—Couldyoupleasetellme

D

⁠?

—YoucantakebusNo.2.A.whenwasthenearesthospitalbuiltB.howcanIgettothenearesthospitalC.whenthenearesthospitalwasbuiltD.howIcangettothenearesthospitalD

20.(2022·湖南怀化改编)—Doyouknow

B

⁠?

—Sheisateacher.A.whatisLinda’sjobB.whatLinda’sjobisC.whatwasLinda’sjobD.howwasLinda’sjobB

21.(2022·云南昆明)—Couldyoupleasetellme

B

⁠whentheymeetforthefirsttimeinChina?

—Theyusuallyshakehands.A.whatdopeopleusuallydoB.whatpeopleusuallydoC.wheredopeopleusuallygoD.wherepeopleusuallygoB

22.(2021·四川泸州)—Canyoutellme

A

⁠forthesummervacation?—Whynotvolunteeratthemuseum?A.whatIshoulddoB.whatshouldIdoC.whenIshoulddoD.whenshouldIdo23.(2021·贵州铜仁)—Doyouknowtheboy

B

⁠handwritingwonthefirstinthecompetition?

—Oh,heisWangWei,ourmonitor.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.whichA

B

24.(2021·安徽)—I’mnotsure

C

⁠mysuggestionishelpfultoyou.

—Itcertainlyis.Everylittlebithelps.A.whyB.howC.whetherD.where25.(2021·天津)Mycousinbecameacountrydoctor

A

⁠hefinishedmedicalschool.

A.afterB.sothatC.butD.soC