2024届高三英语二轮复习之阅读理解专题讲义素材

阅读理解专题一、命题概况1.文本信息、题型分布年份语篇体裁难度话题考点分布2023阅读A应用文易人与社会：自行车租赁和雇佣导游等细节细节理解7题推理判断5题词义猜测1题主旨大意1题观点态度1题阅读B记叙文易人与社会：净化污水的生态机器阅读C说明文中人与社会：数字极简主义生活方式的优点阅读D说明文难人与社会：“群体智慧”效应2022阅读A应用文易人与社会：文学引用课的评分制度细节理解9题推理判断3题词义猜测1题主旨大意1题文章来源1题阅读B说明文中人与社会：实际行动减少食物浪费阅读C新闻报道中人与社会：养鸡提升老年人幸福感阅读D说明文难人与社会：饮食变化带来发音变化2021阅读A应用文易人与社会：罗马的四个旅馆细节理解8题推理判断2题词义猜测1题主旨大意1题标题归纳1题写作意图1题观点态度1题阅读B记叙文易人与社会：介绍钢琴翻页的职业阅读C说明文中人与自然：湿地破坏，保护环境阅读D说明文中人与自我：情商是品质还是技能2020阅读A应用文易人与社会：诗歌邀请赛细节理解题7推理判断题5词义猜测题2写作意图题1阅读B记叙文易人与自我：努力自有回报阅读C说明文中人与社会：介绍一本有关乌兹别克斯坦游记的书阅读D说明文中人与社会：就餐同伴对饮食习惯的影响2.考点分布2023新课标I卷2022新课标I卷2021新课标I卷2020新高考全国I卷阅读理解细节理解7题推理判断5题词义猜测1题主旨大意1题观点态度1题细节理解9题推理判断3题词义猜测1题主旨大意1题文章来源1题细节理解8题推理判断2题词义猜测1题主旨大意1题标题归纳1题写作意图1题观点态度1题细节理解题7推理判断题5词义猜测题2写作意图题1二、微技能提升1.细节定位和替换 通过题目中的提示，根据原词复现、近义词、反义词等提示信息，定位到原文中的信息，并理解此信息，然后对应选项作出正确选择。训练信息定位能力和英英释义的理解能力。此类题型属于基础题，学生应该尽可能不失分。范例1:2023新高考I卷ABikeRental&GuidedToursWelcometoAmsterdam,welcometoMacBike.Youseemuchmorefromtheseatofabike!Cyclingisthemosteconomical,sustainableandfunwaytoexplorethecity,withitsbeautifulcanals,parks,squaresandcountlesslights.YoucanalsobikealonglovelylandscapesoutsideofAmsterdam.WhyMacBikeMacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalcompanyinAmsterdam.Withover2,500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,wemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake(刹车),bikeswithhandbrakeandgears(排挡),bikeswithchildseats,andchildren’sbikes.PricesHandBrake,ThreeGearsFootBrake,NoGears1hour€7.50€5.003hours€11.00€7.501day(24hours)€14.75€9.75Eachadditionalday€8.00€6.00GuidedCityToursThe2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.YoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.23.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?A.TheGooyer,Windmill. B.TheSkinnyBridge.C.HeinekenBrewery. D.DamSquare.【思路解析】抓住题干中的关键词start,对比原文后发现它是最后一段中depart的同义词，因此定位到最后一段ThetourdepartsfromDamSquare.答案D便显而易见。范例2：2021新高考I卷 BByday,RobertTittertonisalawyer.InhissparetimethoughhegoesonstagebesidepianistMariaRaspopova—notasamusicianbutasherpageturner.“I’mnotatrainedmusician,butI’velearnttoreadmusicsoIcanhelpMariainherperformance.”MrTittertonischairmanoftheOmegaEnsemblebuthasbeenthegroup’sofficialpageturnerforthepastfouryears.Hisjobistositbesidethepianistandturnthepagesofthescoresothemusiciandoesn’thavetobreaktheflowofsoundbydoingitthemselves.Hesaidhebecamejustasnervousasthoseplayinginstrumentsonstage.“Alotofskillsareneededforthejob.Youhavetomakesureyoudon’tturntwopagesatonceandmakesureyoufindtherepeatsinthemusicwhenyouhavetogobacktotherightspot.”MrTittertonexplained.Beingapageturnerrequiresplentyofpractice.Somepiecesofmusiccangofor40minutesandrequireupto50pageturns,includingbackturnsforrepeatpassages.Silentonstagecommunicationiskey,andeachpianisthastheirownstyleof“nodding”toindicateapageturnwhichtheyneedtopractisewiththeirpageturner.Butlikeallperformances,therearemomentswhenthingsgowrong.“Iwasturningthepagetogetreadyforthenextpage,butthedraftwindfromtheturncausedthesparepagestofalloffthestand,”MrTittertonsaid,“LuckilyIwasabletocatchthemandputthemback.”Mostpageturnersarepianostudentsorup-and-comingconcertpianists,althoughMsRaspopovahasonceaskedherhusbandtohelpheroutonstage.“Myhusbandistheworstpageturner,”shelaughed.“He’sinterestedinthemusic,feelingeverynote,andIhavetosay:‘Turn,turn!’“RobertisthebestpageturnerI’vehadinmyentirelife.”26.WhatdoesTittertonneedtopractise?A.Countingthepages. B.Recognizingthe“nodding”.C.Catchingfallingobjects. D.Performinginhisownstyle.【思路解析】通过题干中的needtopractise，结合原文第四段首句Beingapageturnerrequiresplentyofpractice.，定位到原文中四小节。接下来就需要正确理解这个小节的内容。注意提炼关键信息：Silentonstagecommunicationiskey,andeachpianisthastheirownstyleof“nodding”toindicateapageturnwhichtheyneedtopractisewiththeirpageturner.而在选项中，这些关键信息被替换为recognizethenodding。范例3:2022新高考I卷DHumanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon“m”and“a”totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld'slanguages.Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(对齐),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure(结构),makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn'thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn2tgrowtobesolarge.AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“V”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.“Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,”saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.【思路解析】首先抓住题干中的关键词difficult和producelabiodentals,对比原文便会发现difficult是第三段中hard的同义词，而producelabiodentals则是原文信息复现，因此答案定位到第三段的Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(对齐),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals.造成唇齿音发音困难的原因是古代人类成年人的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的。再结合选项，ABD中的信息与原文信息有明显的偏差，而C项中提到的下颚结构问题与原文信息相关，因此选C。练习1：POETRYCHALLENGEWriteapoemabouthowcourage,determination,andstrengthhavehelpedyoufacechallengesinyourlife.Prizes3GrandPrizes:TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthreewinners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner’schoice.Tripincludesround-tripairtickets,hotelstayfortwonights,andtoursoftheNationalAirandSpaceMuseumandtheofficeofNationalGeographicWorld.6FirstPrizes:ThebookSkyPioneer:APhotobiographyofAmeliaEarhartsignedbyauthorCorinneSzaboandpilotLindaFinch.50HonorableMentions:Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners,whowilleachreceiveaT-shirtinmemoryofEarhart’sfinalflight.RulesFollowallrulescarefullytopreventdisqualification.■Writeapoemusing100wordsorfewer.Yourpoemcanbeanyformat,anynumberoflines.■Writebyhandortypeonasinglesheetofpaper.Youmayuseboththefrontandbackofthepaper.■Onthesamesheetofpaper,writeortypeyourname,address,telephonenumber,andbirthdate.■MailyourentrytousbyOctober31thisyear.21.Howmanypeoplecaneachgrandprizewinnertakeonthefreetrip?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Six.【思路解析】由题干中grandprize定位在原文Prizes部分第一句话——3GrandPrizes:TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthreewinners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner’schoice.（大奖获得者有三名，其中每一名获胜者都可获得免费去华盛顿的旅游机会，并且可以带一位家长——父亲或者母亲，和另一位获奖者仔细选择的人。因此，每位大奖获得者可以带2人免费参加履行。）注意正确理解各个数字代表的具体内容。选A。练习2：Now,EarthDayiscelebratedaroundtheworld.Westillfacemanychallenges,suchasclimatechange,plasticpollution,anddeforestation.Butwecanallmakeadifference.HerTreesSaveLivesAdelineTiffanieSuwanawas12whenherfamily’shomeflooded.Indonesia,herislandnation,isoftenhithardbyfloodsandothernaturaldisasters.Adelinelearnedthatmangrovetreesplayakeyroleinfloodprotectionandralliedclassmatestoplant200treesduringaschoolbreak.TheystartedagroupcalledSahabatAlamorFriendsofNature,whichworkstoconservetheregion’sbiodiversityandcombatclimatechange.Today,Adelineattendsuniversity,studyinghowbusinessescanhelptheenvironment.Teens’Two-FoldInventionEPS—expandedpolystyrenefoam—isthewhite,lightweightstuffusedtomakethingsliketakeoutfoodcontainers,foameggcartons,andpacking“peanuts”.Butittakesupalotofspaceandisdifficulttorecycle.EPSbreaksintosmallpiecesasitfloatsdownwaterwaysintooceans,harmingwildlifealongtheway.Eighth-gradersJuliaBray,LukeClay,andAshtonCoferlookedatEPS’schemicalmakeupandsawthatitwasmostlycarbon.Thatsparkedanidea.Couldtheyturnitintoactivatedcarbon,amaterialthatfilterstoxinsfromwater?After50hoursofexperiments,includingonethataccidentallysetthefamilygrillfire,theysucceeded!SolarforHerSchoolWhenClaireVlasesofMontanawasinseventhgrade,shelearnedaboutplanstoexpandandmodernizehermiddleschool.Claireaskedtheschoolboardtoaddsolarpanelstotheproject.Theboardlikedtheideabutsaiditcouldcontributejust$25,000,one-fifthofthecost.SoClaireorganizedagroupofkidsandadultswhosettoworkraisingtherest.Theyaskedfordonations,evengoingdoor-to-doorforthem.Andtheyappealedtocharitablefoundationstoo.Oneevendonatedhalfthecost!Aftertwoyearsofhardwork,thegrouppaidforthesolarpanels,whichnowsupplyone-fourthoftheschool’selectricityneeds.22.Howmuchdidoneofthecharitableorganizationsdonateforsolarpanels?A.$25,000. B.$50,000. C.$62,500. D.$125,000.【思路解析】由题干中锁定关键词charitableorganization,donatesolarpanels，定位在SolarforHerSchool这个部分，尤其是文章倒数第二段Theyaskedfordonations,evengoingdoor-to-doorforthem.Andtheyappealedtocharitablefoundationstoo.Oneevendonatedhalfthecost!向上一段追溯thecost的数额，可知$25,000,one-fifthofthecost（得出算式$25,000=1/5*thecost——thecost=$125,000）；最终可得出halfthecost=1/2*$125,000=$62,500。选C。练习3:LeavingourhostelinthecentreofPhnomPenh,weclimbinsideoursmallTukTukcabinattachedtothebackofKiwi'smotorbike;abottleofwaterinonehandandasurgeon-stylemaskintheotherwesetoffonour45-minutecommute.Itisafamiliarstarttothedayformeandtwoothervolunteers.WearesettingouttoworkinanorphanagejustoutsideCambodia'scapitalcity.ThemorningrushhourinPhnomPenhiscrowdedandchaotic.Kiwidirectsourpathbetweenthetrucks,4×4Lexus’andcountlessmotorbikes,whichoftencarryentirefamilies.Wereachthedustyhighway，masksandsunshadesfirmlyinplacetoprotectoureyesandlungs.Amixtureofconcretebuildingsandhutsexistalongthesideoftheroadamongaseaofrubbish.Theresidentsoftensmileandwaveaswepassby.Weturnontoafarmtrack.Thelastpartofourjourneyisarollercoaster,jumpingoutofpotholes（路面坑洼）andturningtoavoidfallingoffthesinkingroad.Wepasshutsonstilts（木桩），skinnycowsandfarmyardswherechildrenjumpandscreamuponseeingus.Thestreamalongthesideoftheroadisalmostbonedryandvegetationisrareacrossthefields.Finallywearriveatourdestination:theoasis（令人快慰的地方）isSamrongFarm.Bythegates，agroupof10-year-oldchildrencompeteintheareaofmarbles.We'regreetedbytheshoutsof“Cha,cha（shortfor‘teacher’）!”fromseveralotherkidsgatheringround.Asweclimboutofourvehicle，thesunisalreadyhotandtheoasisisasdryasthefieldssurroundingit.Insuchconditionsyouwouldimaginelifetobehard，butyouwouldn'tknowittoseethewarmsmilesandhearthelaughteroftheresidentsatSamrongOrphanage.ComparedtochildrenintheWesternWorldtheyhavelittleandyettheygivesomuchingenerosityofspiritandenthusiasmforeveryday.Despitethejourney,itissogoodtoarriveatworkinthemorning.24.Wherewastheauthorgoing?A.ToSamrongOrphanage. B.TotheoasisofSamrong.C.TothecapitalofCambodia. D.TothecentreofPhnomPenh.【思路解析】根据题干信息，我们可以在原文中定位到两处信息，其一是第一段中的“WearesettingouttoworkinanorphanagejustoutsideCambodia'scapitalcity.”此处setout是题干中go的近义词，由这句可知，“我们”要前往柬埔寨首都郊外的一家孤儿院工作，因此A项可选。但另一处信息可能会给学生产生干扰，即第四段段首的“Finallywearriveatourdestination:theoasis（令人快慰的地方）isSamrongFarm.”，学习易受到arriveat的干扰，误选B项。事实上，此句中的oasis是一个暗喻，并非指具体的地方。练习4：Whenhumansarefeelinglonely,wecancallorvideochatwithfriendsandfamilywholivefaraway.But,scientistsasked,whataboutpetparrots?Newresearchsuggeststhatthesechattycreaturesmayalsobenefitfromvirtuallyconnectingwiththeirpeers.Theideaforthisstudywasnotrandom:Inthewild,parrotstendtoliveinlargegroups.Butwhenkeptinaspets,thesesocialbirdsareoftenontheirown.Feelingboredandlonely,theymaydeveloppsychologicalissuesandcaneventurntoself-harmingbehaviourslikepullingouttheirfeathers.Inthestudy,researcherswantedtoseewhether18petparrotscouldlearntomakeandreceivevideocallswhentheyneededtohelpreduceloneliness.Intheinitialstage,thebirdslearnttoringabellandthentouchaphotoofanotherbirdonatabletscreentostartacalltothatbird.Callswouldonlyworkwhencaregiverswereabletoassistatbothends.Inthesecondstage,theparrotscouldchoosetocallotherbirdsattheirownwillbyringingthebellthenselectingthebirdtheywantedtocall.Duringatwo-monthstudyperiod,ownerssaidtheyrecorded147deliberatecallsbetweenbirds.“Wesawsomereallyencouragingresultsfromthestudy,”saidresearchers.Theparrotsseemedtograspthattheyweretrulyengagingwithotherbirdsonscreenandtheirbehaviouroftenmirroredwhatwewouldexpectfromreal-lifeinteractionsbetweenthesetypesofbirds.“Shecamealiveduringthecalls,”onepetownersaidaboutherbird,accordingtoaNortheasternUniversitystatement.TheteamhaspreviouslydesignedsimilartechnologysuchasDogPhone,whichallowedpetdogstoshakeaballtocommunicatewiththeirowner.“TheanimalInternetisalreadyhere—therearehundredsofproductsonthemarketthatletpetownersinteractwiththeiranimalsremotelyoverthenet,buttheirdesignisprimarilyfocusedonwhathumanswant,notwhattheirpetsneed,”Hirskyj-DouglasfromtheUniversityofGlasgowadded.24.Whydidresearcherswanttoteachparrotstomakevideocalls?A.Toassesstheeffectsofvideocallsonanimals. B.Totrainparrots’communicationskills. C.Tohelpgetpetparrotsoutofbadmoods. D.Toimprovetherelationshipsbetweenparrots.【思路解析】分析题干Whydidresearcherswanttoteachparrotstomakevideocalls?确定问题重心：研究，研究对象parrots，任务makevideocalls，为什么有此任务？即任务的目的是什么？带着关键词，我们可以在原文中寻找“目的”的表达。定位在第三小节第一句话Inthestudy,researcherswantedtosee（目的）whether18petparrotscouldlearntomakeandreceivevideocallswhentheyneededtohelpreduceloneliness.而选项C.Tohelpgetpetparrotsoutofbadmoods.中用badmoods替换了原文的loneliness。而loneliness这个概念在原文第一二小节进行了铺垫：根据文章第一节和第二节内容可知，宠物鹦鹉会感到无聊、孤独，研究人员借鉴人们用视频通话来消除孤独的方法，看看鹦鹉会不会受益。所以研究的目的是为了帮助鹦鹉摆脱低落情绪。选C。2.细节推理判断 此类题型属于中高档题，具有一定挑战性，并非简单的所见即所得。这类题型往往注重对学生思维力的考查，要求学生能基于对题干的理解准确定位信息，需要学生具备分析长难句、语篇等的能力，培养对于原有信息的分析再加工能力，才能实现对原文信息的准确理解。有时候还需结合选项，进行综合的分析、推理，才能作出准确的判断。范例1：2023新高考I卷BWhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(细菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeksithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse—likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”24.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Hewasfondoftraveling. B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.C.Hehadaninquiringmind. D.Helongedtobeadoctor.【思路解析】题干中已经帮助我们锁定文章第一二小节：根据第一段WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.（当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱）以及第二段Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(细菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?（在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？）可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。通过这两段描述的细节，我们需要分析信息，并总结出答案C：Hehadaninquiringmind. 范例2:2023新高考I卷CThegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate(培养)asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude(独处)andthenecessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatworksforyourparticularcircumstances.31.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo?A.Usethemasneeded. B.Recommendthemtofriends.C.Evaluatetheireffects. D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.【思路解析】根据题干中的parttwo，答案可以在最后一段定位。在根据题干中的suggestreaders可以定位到最后一句话“Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatworksforyourparticularcircumstances.”对这句话的准确理解是关键。这句话属于长难句，句子结构比较复杂，句子的主干是Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolbox，meanttoaid...作后置定语修饰toolbox，后置定语中还包含了定语从句thatworksforyourparticularcircumstances，修饰lifestyle。整句话的意思是：你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你努力建立一种特定环境下适合你的极简主义生活方式。视作工具箱与A项的意思相符。范例3：2023新高考I卷DOnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(转折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.33.Navajas’studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif________.A.thecrowdswererelativelysmall B.therewereoccasionalunderestimatesC.individualsdidnotcommunicate D.estimateswerenotfullyindependent【思路解析】此题重点是对题干中evenif（即使）的逻辑理解。根据第二段的Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.（从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。）和第三段的Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.（这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确。）可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。注意：复习过程中一定要注重英语思维能力的培养。这篇文章的中心词并不是群体的大小，而是是否独立思考（即实验中设置的haveadiscussion或independentindividuals）。事实上文章中心句并不是第一段第一句“OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.”，而是最后一段最后一句“AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.”，因为第三段已经有转折，第四段是论证，第五段是结论——讨论的重要性。因此第一段反而是背景，是本文观点的起点，第二段是对第一段的解释。可见，现在高考卷对学生思维能力要求很高，因此我们应该在解决词汇、语法等基础语言能力的基础上，提升思维能力，能够快速理顺文章的逻辑关系。如何快速读懂原文，理顺逻辑关系？以上题为例：①要快速定位，根据题干Navajas’study确定第三段（根据第三段首句第一个词的转折意味，ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(转折)onthisclassicphenomenon.此题也需要了解上一段所讲述的内容）；②锁定关键词，简化信息并予以图示：解决说明文，一个有效方式就是mindmapThiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(转折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywas【thatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.】Forinstance（举例为主旨服务）,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Para2view averageaccuracyrequireindependentestimatesPara3findingaverageaccuracy4smallgroups*520