广东中考英语二轮复习课件：非谓语动词

非谓语动词考点2021年~2023年广东省卷中考(语言知识运用)考查题型2023年2022年2021年1.动词不定式作宾语语法选择1分(needtoleave)//2.动词不定式作宾语补足语语法选择/1分(tellsb.todosth.)/3.动词不定式作状语语法选择//1分(动词不定式表目的)4.不带to的常用句型////5.动词-ing和动词-ed形式(了解即可)////考情分析2021年~2023年非谓语动词每年各考了1分，主要围绕考点1~3，即动词不定式充当某种成分来考查。复习备考时要重视语法选择，也不能忽略短文填空!非谓语动词是指在句中不作谓语的动词，主要包括动词不定式(todo)、动名词(doing)和分词(doing/done)。其在句中不能单独作谓语，但仍然保留动词的某些特征。一、动词不定式动词不定式一般由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成，有的不定式不带to。不定式的否定形式是“notto(do)”。如：Heasked

me

to

playchesswithhim.他让我和他一起下棋。(带to)

Isaw

a

boy

go

acrosstheroadjustnow.我刚才看见有个男孩过了马路。(不带to)

Theteachertold

me

not

tobelateagain.老师告诉我不要再迟到了。(否定形式)

动词不定式作宾语(2023语法选择考)1.不定式作宾语的情况比较多，但是一般情况下，不定式只作部分动词的宾语。经常接不定式作宾语(即：动词+todosth.结构)的动词有：begintodosth.开始做某事hopetodosth.希望做某事learntodosth.学习做某事expecttodosth.期望做某事wanttodosth.想要做某事wishtodosth.希望做某事forgettodosth.忘记做某事liketodosth.喜欢做某事decidetodosth.决定做某事trytodosth.尽力做某事continuetodosth.继续做某事prefertodosth.更喜欢做某事

2.不定式也可以用来作某些形容词的宾语。常见的这类形容词有：bereadytodosth.准备好做某事beanxioustodosth.急于做某事beabletodosth.能够做某事besuretodosth.一定做某事begladtodosth.高兴做某事besorrytodosth.很抱歉做某事beafraidtodosth.害怕做某事bepleasedtodosth.高兴做某事bewillingtodosth.愿意做某事3.不定式和疑问词连用作宾语。如：whentodoit(什么时候做)；howtodoit(怎样做)；whattodo(做什么)；whytodoit(为什么做)；wheretodoit(在哪儿做)；whichtodo(做哪一个)等等。Idon’tknow

what

to

buyformymother.(whattobuy作know的宾语)我不知道给妈妈买什么。

(

)1.(2023广东，语法选择)“Ifeellikearealastronautinthespacecamp,andIdon’tevenneed

39

theearth，”hesaid.

A.leave

B.leaving

C.toleave2.(2021广州，完成句子)动笔前，先仔细计划要写什么。Beforeyoustart,plancarefully

.

what

to

write

C

动词不定式作宾语补足语(2022，2020语法选择考)1.不定式用作宾语补足语，也是在一些特定的动词之后。常接“宾语+宾补”(即：动词+sb.+todosth.)的动词有：asksb.todosth.请求某人做某事forcesb.todosth.强迫某人做某事allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事expectsb.todosth.期望某人做某事invitesb.todosth.邀请某人做某事wantsb.todosth.想要某人做某事tellsb.todosth.告诉某人做某事advisesb.todosth.建议某人做某事helpsb.(to)dosth.帮助某人做某事warnsb.todosth.警告某人做某事wishsb.todosth.希望某人做某事encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事ordersb.todosth.命令某人做某事teachsb.todosth.教导某人做某事Joanasked

Mary

to

speakfirst.(Mary在句中作宾语，tospeak补充说明Mary要做的事)琼请玛丽先说。

2.有些动词(一感二听三让四看)feel，hear/listento，make/have/let，see/lookat/watch/notice+sb./sth.+do，后用不定式作宾补时须省略to。但这种句式在变为被动语态时，to不能省略。Theymake

the

students

dotoomuchhomeworkeveryday.

=Thestudentsaremade

to

dotoomuchhomeworkeveryday.他们让学生每天做太多作业。

(

)1.(2022广东，语法选择)Oneday,theteachertoldher

34

atest.

A.take

B.totake

C.taking(

)2.(2020广东，语法选择)Iexpecteachofyou

33

akitethatmeanssomethingimportanttoyou.

A.make

B.tomake

C.making

D.madeBB

动词不定式作状语(2021语法选择考)不定式作状语，修饰动词，用于表示行为的目的、结果、原因或条件等，一般放在动词后面。1.todo/soastodo(不能放在句首)/inordertodo作目的状语。如：Istaythereto/so

as

to/in

order

to

seewhatwillhappen.我待在那儿，以便看看会发生什么事。

To/In

order

to

catchtheearlybus，hegotupearly.(此句不能用soasto)为了赶上早班车，他起得很早。

2.enoughtodo/too…todo结构。如：Theboyisn’toldenough

to

gotoschool.

=Theboyistoo

young

to

gotoschool.小男孩太小了，不可以去上学。

3.形容词(difficult，happy，glad，lucky，fortunate，surprised，angry，anxious，ready，quick，slow，cruel，clever等)+todo。如：Thequestionisdifficult

to

answer.这个问题很难回答。

(

)1.(2021广东，语法选择)Manytourists,theybelieve,willcome

38

thefantasticexperienceofwalkingacross.

A.enjoy B.enjoyed C.enjoying D.toenjoy(

)2.(2023广州，语法选择)Hewasnotfastenough

4

theworms(虫子)MamaBirdbroughtback.

A.get B.got

C.getting D.togetDD(

)3.(2021广州，语法选择)“AndI!”theyallsaid,untilawholeshowerwentdownandthecornwassavedallbecauseonelittleraindroptrieditsbest

15

whatitcould.

A.do B.doing C.todo D.didC

不带to的常用句型Whydon’tyoudosth.？为什么不做某事？Whynotdosth.？为什么不做某事？Would/Couldyoupleasedosth.？请你做某事，好吗？Would/Couldyoupleasenotdosth.？请你不要做某事，好吗？hadbetter(not)dosth.最好(不)要做某事wouldratherdosth.thandosth.宁愿做某事，也不愿做某事prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.宁愿做某事，也不愿做某事动词不定式用法口诀不定式有标记，to与动原连一起。没有人称数变化，动词特点它具备。主宾定状表补语，唯独作谓不可以。not加上不定式，否定结构要牢记。疑问词与不定式，构成短语有意义。二、动名词(温馨提示：本知识点是新课标理解要求语法项目，对阅读理解和写作有帮助，同学们应了解。)1.动名词的基本形式和性质(1)动名词是由“动词原形+-ing”构成，形式与动词的现在分词相同。如：Nosmokinghere.这里禁止吸烟。

(2)动名词兼有动词和名词的性质。动词的性质是可以带宾语和状语，组成动名词短语；名词的性质是在句子中可以充当主语、宾语等。如：Sheisfondofcollectingstamps.(作宾语)她喜欢集邮。Travelingabroadcanbeveryexciting.(作主语)出国旅行会是很激动人心的。

2.常见的可接动名词的短语：insiston坚持

thinkof想到

dreamof梦想

lookforwardto期望feellike想要 get/beusedto习惯于befondof喜欢 beafraidof害怕

betiredof厌烦 succeedin成功 stop/keep/prevent…from阻止……做dependon依靠 spend…in在……花费 beinterestedin对……感兴趣

beproudof以……为骄傲/自豪

注意：有些动词既可接不定式，也可接v.-ing形式，但意义不同。stopdoingsth.停止做某事stoptodosth.停下来去做另一件事trydoingsth.尝试做某事trytodosth.设法或努力去做某事rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事(已做)remembertodosth.记得去做某事(未做)forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事(已做)forgettodosth.忘记去做某事(未做)be/getusedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事usedtodosth.过去常常做某事regretdoingsth.后悔做过某事(已做)regrettodosth.遗憾要做某事(未做)(

)1.(2023广州，语法选择)Morningaftermorning,hepracticed

9

hiswings,andtheyweregettingstrongerandstronger.

A.flap B.toflap C.flapping D.flapped(

)2.(2020广州，语法选择)Butthen,insteadof

13

，Davidpicksuphisbooks,andreadsdeepintothenight.

A.sleep B.slept C.sleeps D.sleepingDC一、语法选择基础练(单项填空)(

)1.(2023·吉林)Wehope_______abeautifulhomebylivingalow-carbonlife(低碳生活).

A.build B.building C.tobuild(

)2.(2023·吉林长春)Weexpecttheworld_______Chinabetterafterthe19thAsianGamesinHangzhou.

A.understanding B.tounderstand

C.understood

D.understandBC(

)3.(2023·四川自贡)—Mike，wearetoldnot_______thephonewhilecrossingthestreet.

—Iamsorry.Iwon’tdoitagain.A.answering B.toanswer C.answer(

)4.(2023·黑龙江牡丹江)_______downairpollution，weshouldwalkortakethebusinsteadofdriving.

A.Cut B.Tocut C.Cutting(

)5.(2023·四川达州)Theteachersusedto_______keypointsontheblackboard，butnowtheyaregettingusedto_______themthroughPPTs.

A.write；showing B.writing；show C.write；showABB二、短文填空基础练(用所给单词的正确形式填空)6.It’sreportedthatChinaplans

(send)astronautstothemoonbefore2030.

7.—MissLi，canyoutellmehowtoimprovemywritingskills？—Certainly.Iadviseyou

(keep)adiaryinEnglisheveryday.

8.Asteenagers，wearenotallowed

(bring)mobilephonesintoschoolsothatwecanfocusonourschoolwork.

9.Iusedto

(sleep)late，butnowIamusedto

(go)tobedearly.

10.Theteacherwarnedus

(make)toomuchnoisebecausetheotherstudentswerehavinganexam.

nottomake

going

sleep

tobring

tokeep

tosend

11.Today，wemustcontinueworking

(keep)ourskiesblue，watersclearandlandsclean.

12.Wemusttakeactiontopreventpeoplefrom

(cut)downtoomanytrees.

13.You’dbetter

(make)aplan

(manage)yourtimewell.

14.Childrenshouldspendatleastonehour

(exercise)everyday.

15.Manypeopleenjoy

(make)zongzibythemselvesontheDragonBoatFestival.

making

exercising

tomanage

make

cutting

tokeep

(

)16.A.I B.my C.me(

)17.A.breaks B.broke C.wasbrokenC三、语法选择Youneverknowwherelifewillleadyou.WhenIwasayoungboy，Ioncegotwaterup

16

nose.AfterthatIneverwantedtogetintothewateragain.Ithoughtswimmingwasnotforme.

Oneday，Ifelloffmyskateboardandmyleg

17

sobadly，andthedoctorssaidIcouldneverreallyskateboardagain.Theysaidswimmingwastheonlyexercisethatwouldbegoodforme.

B(

)18.A.good B.better C.best(

)19.A.what B.that C.which(

)20.A.join B.tojoin C.tojoining(

)21.A.made B.willmade C.makesABBWell，Igaveitatry.Everyweek，Igotalittle

18

andhatedswimmingalittleless.Iworkedatitsomuch

19

onedaymyhighschoolswimmingcoachaskedme

20

theschoolteam.Youcanimaginehowthat

21

meandmyfamilyfeelasIwassoafraidofwaterbefore!

B(

)22.A.in B.as C.to(

)23.A.swimmer B.swim C.swimming(

)24.A.a B.an C.the(

)25.A.surprised B.surprise C.surprisedlyCAAMuch

22

everyone’ssurprise，Iwonthirdplaceinthecityfinals.Swimmingisabigpartofmylifenow.Youneverknowwhichroadlifewilltakeyoudown.Lookatme—a

23

!

Forthisreason，Isay：yourchoiceshouldn’tberefused.Andremember，lifeis

24

swimmingpool.Jumpinandstartswimming!Youmayfindwhatyoucando

25

.

C动词解题技巧分析近三年广东中考语法选择可知，动词时态、语态和动词不定式是必考点，每年各考1题。1.近三年对动词时态的考查主要是一般过去时、一般将来时与现在完成时。在做题时可以通过以下要素来判断时态：(1)上下文语境；(2)时间状语标志词；(3)段落中或并列的动词。①(2023广东)NowDavid

40

spacescience.Hehasmadeuphismindtobeaspaceengineerinthefuture.

A.study

B.isstudying

C.wasstudying(根据标志词Now可判断用现在进行时，选B。)②(2022广东)She

39

herselfthatshestillhadalongwaytogoandthatsheshouldkeeppracticing.

A.tell

B.tells

C.told(根据句中的had

判断是一般过去时，选C。)③(2021广东)Now，thecityishopingthatthebridge

37

lotsoftouriststothearea.

A.brought

B.willbring

C.isbringing

D.wasbringing(根据主句中的hoping“希望”提示及句子语境可知用一般将来时，故选B。)2.近三年对语态的考查都考了一般过去时的被动语态。做题步骤如下：(1)确定主语和谓语动词之间的语态关系(主动或者被动)；(2)确定时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时)；(3)确保一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态中be动词的形式正确。①(2023广东)Attheageofseven,Davidhadhisfirstastronauttrainingexperience.Heandhisparents

33

toaFamilySpaceCamp.

A.invited

B.areinvited

C.wereinvited(1.确定主语He

and

his

parents和谓语动词invite之间构成被动关系：invite

his

parents

and

him

to

a

Family

Space

Camp→he

and

his

parents

are

invited

to

a

Family

Space

Camp；2.根据前一句的had判断用一般过去时的被动语态，选C。)②(2022广东)Studentsintheschool

37

togetupat6：45a.m.topracticetheirbasicskills.Butshegotupat6：00inthemorning.

A.ask

B.asked

C.wereasked(1.确定主语Students和谓语ask之间是被动关系：

ask

students

to

get

up

→

students

are

asked

to

get

up；

2.根据句中的got判断应用一般过去时的被动语态；

3.主语Students是复数，故be动词用were，选C。)3.近三年对非谓语动词的考查主要是动词不定式。针对该考点，考生可通过固定搭配与句子成分分析法来确定答案。(1)固定搭配①(2023广东)Ifeellikearealastronautinthespacecamp,andIdon’tevenneed

39

theearth.

A.leave

B.leaving

C.toleave(固定搭配：need

to

do

sth.需要做某事，选C。)②(2022广东)Oneday，theteachertoldher

34

atest.

A.take

B.totake

C.taking(固定搭配：

tell

sb.to

do

sth.

告诉某人做某事，

选B。)(2)句子成分分析法①(2021广东)Manytourists，theybelieve，willcome

38

thefantasticexperienceofwalkingacross.

A.enjoy B.enjoyed C.enjoying D.toenjoy(enjoy

the

fantastic

experience是come的目的，用to

do

作目的状语，选D。)广东近五年中考完形填空中，主要考查实义动词词义的辨析。动词共考查了17次(每年必考2~3题)，其中动词的辨析考查了9次(每年必考1~2题)，动词短语辨析考查了8次。

其中15次以语境推断法来确定答案，2次以固定搭配法来确定答案。1.语境推断法根据上下文的语境提示或暗示，身临其境地理解事件发生的语境，体验语境和作者的情感态度，推断出符合场景的最佳选项。①(2023广东)Nowitwastimetoreturnhome.Whensheenteredthehouse，MumandDadwere

48

heronthesofa.

A.waitingfor B.laughingatC.lookingafterD.learningfrom(句意：现在是时候回家了。当她进到屋里，爸爸和妈妈正在沙发上等她。wait

for等候；laugh

at嘲笑；look

after照顾；learn

from向……学习。根据上文“当她进到屋里”可推断爸爸妈妈是在等她，故选A。)②(2022广东)Theydecidedto

47

whattheygrewintheirgarden…Peoplewouldstopbyandleavewithsomevegetables.

A.eat

B.sell

C.share

D.cook(句意：他们决定分享他们在花园里种的东西。eat吃；sell出售；share分享；cook烹饪。下文说到人们来访，走的时候会带一些蔬菜，说明他们分享了他们的劳动成果，故选C。)2.固定搭配法①(2023广东)Eachofthemwas

49

ababyintheirarms.“Nowyouhaveasisterandabrother!”Dadsaid.

A.hiding

B.training

C.walking

D.holding(句意：他们每人手上抱着一个婴儿。hold…in

one’s

arms抱着……，是固定搭配，故选D。)②(2021广东)Thisjobisto

47

theearthfromgerms(细菌)onthingsbroughtbackfromotherplanets.

A.move B.protect C.pull D.collect(句意：这份工作的职责是保护地球免受附着在从其他星球带回来的物品上的细菌的侵害。move移动；

protect保护；

pull拉；collect收集。固定搭配：protect…from…

保护……免受伤害。故选B。)动词的类型有很多，有实义动词、连系动词、情态动词、助动词等。2023年广东中考短文填空在形式上发生了变化，改为选词填空，其中备选项有3个动词，结合了时态和词形变化来考查。做题时：1.判断所填单词的词性；2.根据上下文、固定搭配(短语)确定单词；3.如要填动词时，注意其形式。以下是中考真题中动词在短文填空中的考查。1.空格前有情态动词(can,could,may,might,must,should,need…)时加动词原形。(2023广东)Itmight69._______theworld’searliestformoftoothbrushes.(情态动词might后面be动词用原形。)

2.空格前有标志词to时，后面的动词保留原形(be/get

used

to，

pay

attention

to,look

forward

to等几个后接动词-ing形式的短语除外)。①(2020

广东)Shefeltsadthatthekidstheredidn’thavenewclothesto_______andtoystoplaywith.(动词不定式作为后置定语修饰clothes，和下文的to

play

with修饰toys的结构一样，故填动词原形wear。)

②(2019广东)IlikedhimsomuchthatIaskedavisitorto_______aphotoofthatpaintingandme.(ask

sb.to

do

sth.请求某人做某事，是固定结构，故take用动词原形。)

3.空格前有助动词(do,does,did,will,would…)