遭遇30年最强火山喷发+海啸汤加怎么样了

名师精讲外刊遭遇30年最强火山喷发+海啸，汤加怎么样了？TsunamifromTongavolcanoeruptionleavestrailofflooddamage名师精讲外刊当地时间1月14日、15日，南太平洋岛国汤加一座海底火山连续两次剧烈喷发并引发海啸，引起了全世界的关注，汤加首都被火山灰覆盖，看起来像“月球表面”。火山爆发后，汤加几乎所有与外界的联系都被切断了。相关负责人表示，维修受损海底通信电缆最多需两周时间。卫星数据还显示，汤加及周边国家大气中的二氧化硫浓度增高，民众在下雨时应尽可能待在家中，并采取措施防止雨水污染饮用水。汤加火山喷发的情形如何？给周边地区带来了哪些影响呢？让我们一起来看今天的外刊。课前问题1.文中“blanket”是什么意思？2.文中提到了哪些表示“淹没”的词呢？导读名师精讲外刊TsunamifromTongavolcanoeruptionleavestrailofflooddamage【基础解析】tsunamin.海啸；海震【释】(fromJapanese)anextremelylargewaveintheseacaused,forexample,byanearthquake【近义词】tidalwave名师精讲外刊TsunamifromTongavolcanoeruptionleavestrailofflooddamage【基础解析】eruptv.1)（火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出【例】Ashbegantoeruptfromthecrater.火山灰开始从火山口喷出。2)突然发生；爆发【例】Violenceeruptedoutsidetheembassygates.大使馆门外突然发生了暴乱。3)突然发出（尤指叫喊）【例】Myfatherjusteruptedintofury.我父亲勃然大怒。4)突然（在皮肤上）出现【例】Arashhaderuptedalloverhischest.他的胸部突然出满疹子。名师精讲外刊TsunamifromTongavolcanoeruptionleavestrailofflooddamage【基础解析】trailn.（长串的）痕迹，踪迹，足迹【释】alonglineorseriesofmarksthatisleftbysb/sth【例】Thehurricaneleftatrailofdestructionbehindit.飓风过后满目疮痍。TsunamiwavescausedbyanunderseavolcanohavefloodedthePacificIslandcountryofTonga,whereentiretownshavebeeninundatedwithwaterandscientistswarnthemainislandcouldbeblanketedinvolcanicash.【基础解析】inundatev.1)淹没；泛滥【例】Theislandsmaybethefirsttobeinundatedassealevelrise.海平面上升时这些岛屿可能会被最先淹没。【近义词】flood2)〔收到太多某物而〕应接不暇【例】We'vebeeninundatedwithcomplaintsfromlisteners.听众的投诉让我们应接不暇。【近义词】overwhelm,swamp【例】Thedepartmentwasswamped/overwhelmedwithjobapplications.面对纷至沓来的求职申请，这个部门疲于应对。精讲试听结束TsunamiwavescausedbyanunderseavolcanohavefloodedthePacificIslandcountryofTonga,whereentiretownshavebeeninundatedwithwaterandscientistswarnthemainislandcouldbeblanketedinvolcanicash.【基础解析】blanketv.以厚层覆盖【释】(formal)tocoversthcompletelywithathicklayer【例】Snowsoonblanketedthefrozenground.冻土上很快就形成了一层厚厚的积雪。精讲试听结束Videossharedonsocialmediaaftertheeruptionshowedpeoplerunningforhighergroundastheonemetrehighfloodshitcoastalareasandmadetheirwayfartherinlandwhiletheskydarkenedwithash.【基础解析】hitv.1)对……造成严重影响【例】AbouttwohundredpeoplediedintheearthquakewhichhitnorthernPeru.大约两百人在那场袭击秘鲁北部的地震中丧生。2)碰到，遇到〔困难、问题等〕【常见搭配】hitasnag/problems/abadpatchetc.【例】Myfatherhitabadpatch,andhadtosellthehouse.我父亲遇到了大麻烦，只得把房子卖掉。n.（唱片、电影或戏剧的）成功【例】Thesongbecameamassivehitin1945.这首歌在1945年取得了巨大成功。Videossharedonsocialmediaaftertheeruptionshowedpeoplerunningforhighergroundastheonemetrehighfloodshitcoastalareasandmadetheirwayfartherinlandwhiletheskydarkenedwithash.【基础解析】coastaladj.沿海的；靠近海岸的【释】ofornearacoast【例1】coastalwaters/resorts/scenery沿海水域/海滨胜地/风景【例2】acoastalpath(=onethatfollowsthelineofthecoast)滨海小道Videossharedonsocialmediaaftertheeruptionshowedpeoplerunningforhighergroundastheonemetrehighfloodshitcoastalareasandmadetheirwayfartherinlandwhiletheskydarkenedwithash.【长难句分析】Videos(主语)sharedonsocialmediaaftertheeruption(过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰主语)showed(谓语)people(宾语)runningforhigherground(宾补，强调宾语补足语的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生)astheonemetrehighfloodshitcoastalareasandmadetheirwayfartherinland(as引导的时间状语从句)whiletheskydarkenedwithash(while引导的时间状语从句).TherewerenoofficialreportsofinjuriesordeathsbySundayevening,withcommunicationslimited.JacindaArdern,theprimeministerofNewZealand,toldanewsconferenceonSundaythatcontacthadnotbeenestablishedwithcoastalareasbeyondthecapital,Nuku'alofa."Nuku'alofaiscoveredinthickplumesofvolcanicdustbutotherwiseconditionsarecalmandstable,"Ardernsaid."Wehavenotyetreceivednewsfromothercoastalareas,"shesaid.【基础解析】plumen.一缕（烟雾、尘土等）；一股（水柱）；一道（火光）【释】Aplumeofsmoke,dust,fire,orwaterisalargequantityofitthatrisesintotheairinacolumn.【例】TherisingplumeofblacksmokecouldbeseenalloverKabul.那股升起的黑烟整个喀布尔都可以看到。JacindaArdern,theprimeministerofNewZealand,toldanewsconferenceonSundaythatcontacthadnotbeenestablishedwithcoastalareasbeyondthecapital,Nuku'alofa."Nuku'alofaiscoveredinthickplumesofvolcanicdustbutotherwiseconditionsarecalmandstable,"Ardernsaid."Wehavenotyetreceivednewsfromothercoastalareas,"shesaid.【基础解析】otherwiseadv.1)除此以外【例】Therewassomemusicplayingupstairs.Otherwisethehousewassilent.楼上有些音乐声。除此以外，房子里静悄悄的。2)否则；不然【例】Shutthewindow,otherwiseit'llgettoocoldinhere.把窗户关好，不然屋子里就太冷了。3)在其他方面；另；亦【例1】Youknowwhatthisisabout.Whypretendotherwise(=thatyoudonot)?你明明知道这是怎么回事，为什么装作不知道？【例2】Iwantedtoseehimbuthewasotherwiseengaged(=doingsthelse).我想见他，但他正忙着别的事情。JacindaArdern,theprimeministerofNewZealand,toldanewsconferenceonSundaythatcontacthadnotbeenestablishedwithcoastalareasbeyondthecapital,Nuku'alofa."Nuku'alofaiscoveredinthickplumesofvolcanicdustbutotherwiseconditionsarecalmandstable,"Ardernsaid."Wehavenotyetreceivednewsfromothercoastalareas,"shesaid.【基础解析】yetadv.用于否定句和疑问句，谈论尚未发生但可能发生的事【释】usedinnegativesentencesandquestionstotalkaboutsththathasnothappenedbutthatyouexpecttohappen【例1】Shehasn'tyetsetadateforhermarriage.她还没选定结婚的日子。【例2】'Areyouready?''No,notyet.'“你准备好了吗？”“还没有。”Ardernsaidthemainunderseacommunicationscablewasaffected,likelyduetolossofpower.Powerwasbeingrestoredinsomeareasontheislandsandlocalmobilephoneswereslowlystartingtowork,sheadded.TheNewZealandhighcommissioninNuku'alofahadsaidthetsunamihasdamagedboats,shopsandotherinfrastructure.【基础解析】cablen.1)电缆【释】asetofwires,coveredinplasticorrubber,thatcarrieselectricity,telephonesignals,etc.【例1】overhead/undergroundcables高架/地下电缆【例2】a10,000voltcable1万伏特高压电缆【例3】fibre-opticcable光缆2)（系船用的）缆绳；（支撑桥梁等用的）钢索【释】thickstrongmetalropeusedonships,forsupportingbridges,etc.【例】Theminersrodeaconveyanceattachedtoacablemadeofbraidedsteelwire.矿工们乘坐连着钢索的缆车。Tonga'scabinetheldacrisismeetingonSundayandwasreachingoutforassistance,saidtheofficeofZedSeselja,Australia'sministerforthePacific.AustraliawouldsendaP8surveillanceaircrafttoTongaonMonday.【基础解析】cabinetn.1)内阁【释】(usuallytheCabinet)agroupofchosenmembersofagovernment,whichisresponsibleforadvisinganddecidingongovernmentpolicy【例】acabinetmeeting/minister内阁会议/内阁阁员2)储藏柜；陈列柜【释】apieceoffurniturewithdoors,drawersand/orshelves,thatisusedforstoringorshowingthings【例】kitchencabinets橱柜Tonga'scabinetheldacrisismeetingonSundayandwasreachingoutforassistance,saidtheofficeofZedSeselja,Australia'sministerforthePacific.AustraliawouldsendaP8surveillanceaircrafttoTongaonMonday.【基础解析】surveillancen.1)监视，侦察〔指一个国家监视另一个国家的军事行动来判断其动向〕【释】whenonecountrywatchesthemilitaryactivitiesofanothercountrytoseewhattheyareplanningtodo【例1】asurveillancemission侦察任务【例2】surveillanceaircraft侦察机2)〔对可疑的人或场所的〕监视，盯梢【释】whenthepolice,armyetc.watchapersonorplacecarefullybecausetheymaybeconnectedwithcriminalactivities【例1】24-hoursurveillanceofthebuilding对大楼的24小时监视【例2】Thesuspectswerekeptundersurveillance.嫌疑犯受到监视。AsthetsunamistruckonSaturday,avideoshotfromtheroofofabuildingonthecoastshowedlargewavesbreachingthecoastalwallsecondsapart,whileavideoshotfromtheNewZealandhighcommissioninNuku'alofa,wherepeopleranforshelter,showedthedowntownareaofPatangatahadbeencompletelysubmerged,includingtheRoyalPalaceandTonga'slargestbank.【基础解析】breachv.1)在……上打开缺口【释】tomakeaholeinawall,fence,etc.sothatsb/sthcangothroughit【例】Thedamhadbeenbreached.大坝决口了。2)违反；违背【释】tonotkeeptoanagreementornotkeepapromise【例】Thegovernmentisaccusedofbreachingthetermsofthetreaty.政府被控违反条约中的规定。【近义词】breakAsthetsunamistruckonSaturday,avideoshotfromtheroofofabuildingonthecoastshowedlargewavesbreachingthecoastalwallsecondsapart,whileavideoshotfromtheNewZealandhighcommissioninNuku'alofa,wherepeopleranforshelter,showedthedowntownareaofPatangatahadbeencompletelysubmerged,includingtheRoyalPalaceandTonga'slargestbank.【基础解析】submergev.1)（使）潜入水中，没入水中，浸没，淹没【释】togounderthesurfaceofwaterorliquid;toputsthormakesthgounderthesurfaceofwaterorliquid【例】Thefieldshadbeensubmergedbyfloodwater.农田被洪水淹没了。2)湮没，湮灭，掩盖（思想、感情等）【释】tohideideas,feelings,opinions,etc.completely【例】Doubtsthathadbeensubmergedinhermindsuddenlyresurfaced.她心里早已湮灭的疑团突然又浮现出来。AsthetsunamistruckonSaturday,avideoshotfromtheroofofabuildingonthecoastshowedlargewavesbreachingthecoastalwallsecondsapart,whileavideoshotfromtheNewZealandhighcommissioninNuku'alofa,wherepeopleranforshelter,showedthedowntownareaofPatangatahadbeencompletelysubmerged,includingtheRoyalPalaceandTonga'slargestbank.【长难句分析】AsthetsunamistruckonSaturday(as引导时间状语从句1),avideo(主语1)shotfromtheroofofabuildingonthecoast(过去分词短语作后置定语)showed(谓语1)largewaves(宾语1)breachingthecoastalwallsecondsapart(现在分词短语作宾补),while(并列连词while)avideo(主语2)shotfromtheNewZealandhighcommissioninNuku'alofa(过去分词短语作后置定语),wherepeopleranforshelter(where引导的定语从句),showed(谓语2)thedowntownareaofPatangatahadbeencompletelysubmerged(宾语从句，作showed的宾语),includingtheRoyalPalaceandTonga'slargestbank.BlakeSmith-Tatafi,aTonganbasedinAustralia,saidtheywereprayingandinfear."Ifyoudon'tknow,theislandofTongaisflat.Thisleavestheirpeoplewithnowhereofrealisticsafetytoevacuate.Villagescompletelyunderwater.Wehaven'thadcontactforhoursnow.Thisisacrisis,"hesaid.【基础解析】evacuatev.1)疏散；使……撤离【例】Theywereplanningtoevacuatethes