2025届新高考英语专题突破复习 阅读理解解题技巧

2025届新高考英语专题突破复习阅读理解解题技巧新高考的阅读理解一般有4篇文章，分值逐渐增加，难度逐级增加，文体类型也变得越来越丰富，下面简单分析一下文体类型。第一篇是应用文，共3题目7.5分，主要介绍旅游景点、推荐读物、课程，价格比较、电影推荐等，一般考察细节理解题，相对简单，仔细阅读从文章中都能找到答案。第二篇是记叙文，共4题10分，一般会我们讲一个励志的小故事，考察内容太多了，重点题型有细节理解题、判断推理题、主旨大意题等。第三篇是说明文，共4题10分，主要是一些科普知识，如健康、新冠肺炎、低碳生活等，题型就包括词义猜测题、态度观点题、写作意图题、判断推理题，难度就大了，需要我们自己深刻的认识和理解，要有一定的推断分析能力。第四篇是说明文，议论文，共4题10分，和当前最新的科普前言、国内外大事、新兴事物相关。题目难度不一定最难，但如果你对文章中出现的新鲜事物一无所知就麻烦了，也就是说平时我们要“家事国事天下事，事事关心”，否则就惨了。(1)细节理解（最多）——关键词匹配，对比(2)主旨大意（topic;mainlyabout;besttitle...）(3)推理判断（多）（infer;imply;suggest表明;from...,welearnthat...)(4)词义猜测1——上下文逻辑对比推测；注意and、but并列关系；构词法等题目类型：细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题、写作意图题、观点态度题考查内容主要是时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数字等细节，也就是我们初中时说的6个W问题。这类题目的共同特点是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。当然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句。细节理解：分为直接理解题和间接理解题，前者常用who,what,which,when,where,why和how提问。后者需与原文信息转换，表达上与原文有差异。常见命题形式有：Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?Allthefollowingarementionedexcept.....？Whichofthefollowingismentioned(notmentioned)?Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue/right/false/wrongabout…?（选项定位）解题技巧一、关键词快速匹配1.题干划关键词（特殊疑问词；人名/地名等；时间/数字/比较级最高级等——易查找）2.文中定位关键词（句子/段落，一般不跨段）3.对比选项与关键词（原文复现；同义替换！！信息整合—原文精简句）l干扰项——（1）无中生有（切忌主观臆断）（2）与原文相反（is变is

not；expensive—cheap…）（3）半对半错

（有错就排除）（4）偷换概念

（如AdoB变为C

（5）过于绝对的选项—must/all/only...AllcustomerstravellingonTransLinkservicesmustbeinpossessionofavalidticketbeforeboarding.Forticketinformation,pleaseaskatyourlocalstationorcall131230.WhileQueenslandRailmakeseveryefforttoensuretrainsrunasscheduled,therecanbenoguaranteeofconnectionsbetweentrainsorbetweentrainservicesandbusservices.例题演练：1.Whatwouldyoudotogetticketinformation?

A.Call131617.

B.Visit.au.C.Askatthelocalstation.

D.Checkthetrainschedule.Lostproperty（失物招领）CallLostPropertyon131617duringbusinesshoursforitemslostonQueenslandRailservices.ThelostpropertyofficeisopenMondaytoFriday7:30amto5:00pmandislocated（位于）atRomaStreetstation.

Atwhichstationcanyoufindthelostpropertyoffice?Altandi.

B.RomaStreet.

C.VarsityLakes.

D.FortitudeValley.WhichtrainwouldyoutakeifyougofromCentraltoVarsityLakes?A.6:42pm.

B.7:29pm.

C.8:57pm.

D.11:02pm.DepartOriginDestinationArrive6:42pmAltandiVarsityLakes7:37pm7:29pmCentralVarsityLakes8:52pm8:57pmFortitudeValleyVarsityLakes9:52pm11:02pmRomaStreetVarsityLakes12:22am解题技巧二、注意同义替换LateWorkAnessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Dailyassignmentsnotcompletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewillbeaccepted.3.Whatwillhappenifyou

submit

anessayoneweekaftertheduedate?A.Youwillreceiveazero.

B.Youwilllosealettergrade.C.Youwillbegivenatest.

D.Youwillhavetorewriteit.Whichtourdoyouneedto

bookinadvance?

A.CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.B.WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.C.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.D.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTourCherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseeaworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington,D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability—thecherryblossoms—disappear!WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTourDuration:3hours(4miles)JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,D.C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.解题技巧三、数字计算题——看清题目，列数学计算公式（注意人数、价格、折扣等）What'sthechargeforacouplewiththeir5-year-oldboyiftheystayinLing'sMeadowforsevennights?A．£210.

B．£168.

C．£126.

D．£100.8.Ling'sMeadowThiscampsiteonafamily-runfarmoffersarealescape,withplentifulanimalstospot.Withamaximumof25peopleonthesiteatonetime,everythingcentresaroundnature:wastewaterisrecycledonthefarm.Camping£12/£6anightforadult/child,under-3sfree,20%off

staysofsevennightsorlonger.解题技巧五、零散信息题——整合归纳分析（对于离散的细节理解，先找到相关的内容，再分析整合）例题演练：【2018·全国Ⅰ.C片段】

Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.

Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.

Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelost,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.

Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.

Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.

◆Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.

About6,800.

B.

About3,400.

C.

About2,400.

D.

About1,200.

【解题点津】1.在出现一些关键词，如however，but，moreover,therefore，thus时，要特别注意句子前后意义的转折、递进、因果等关系。2.

细节理解题的答案可能是原文的同义转换。3.

注意选项中的副词、形容词和介词短语等与原文是否一致。如:must,may,often，should,usually,might,most,moreorless,likely,all,never,few等存在程度不同，经常被偷换,往往被忽视。4.

注意干扰项特点：与原文内容相反；与原文内容一半相符，一半不同;叙述过于绝对化；原文没有提及。（2）主旨大意题一、考查形式：（1）文章大意

（2）段落大意（3）最佳标题

方法：（1）首尾段/段落首句(report/studyshowed...（2）高频词

（3）选项逆代入分析法l主旨题干扰项：（1）以偏概全——文章中的一小部分

（2）范围扩大——主题超出了文章要讨论的范围（鹅鹅鹅→家禽）

（3）无中生有——出现与文章不相干内容

常见类型1.归纳标题题。特点：短小精悍，一般多为一个短语；涵盖性强，一般能覆盖全文意思；精确性强，表达范围要恰当，不能随意改变语意程度或色彩。常见命题形式有：What’sthebesttitleforthetext?Thebesttitleforthispassageis___.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebest/suitabletitleforthepassage?2.概括大意题。包括寻找段落大意（topic）和文章中心思想（mainidea）。常见命题形式有：Whatisthegeneral/mainideaofthepassage？

Whichofthefollowingexpressesthemainidea？

Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?What’sthearticlemainlyabout

？Thewriterofthestorywantstotellusthat_____.

文章大意解题方法l细节推理题1.信息定位——跳读，找到原文相关信息点；2.字面理解——细读，理解相关信息点的字面意义3.深层理解——分析推理，在理解字面意义的基础上进行合理推断，从而理解作者的言外之意4.通常含有infer,suggest,imply，conclude，intend等标志性词语推理判断常见命题形式有：

Itcanbeinferred/concludedfromthetextthat__________.

Theauthorimplies/suggeststhat_____.

Wemayinferthat_________.

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisimpliedbutNOTstated?

例题演练：AnewreportfromtheInternationalBarAssociation(IBA)suggestsmachineswillmostlikelyreplacehumansinagrowingnumberofoccupations.Oneoftheauthorsofthereport,GerlindWisskirchen,believesthatgovernmentsneedtointroducehumanquotas(配额)insomesectorsinordertoprotectjobs.1．WhatmessagedoesthenewreportfromtheIBAsend?

A．Morejobswillbeofferedtohumans.

B．Somedayhumanswon’tneedtowork.

C．MorejobswillbecreatedbecauseofAI.D．Somedayrobotswilltakeoveryourjob人物性格，品质humorous幽默的

generous慷慨大方的

considerate考虑周到/体贴的

ambitious雄心壮志的

optimistic积极乐观的

pessimistic/passive消极的friendly友好的

productive多产的

cautious谨慎的

creative有创造力的

dedicated

有奉献精神的

determined有决心的

caring关心人的/有同情心的

knowledgeable知识渊博的

demanding高要求的

stubborn固执的

patient耐心的

good-tempered好脾气的

far-sighted有远见的

low-key低调的

aggressive有进取心的

cooperative有合作精神的

well-educated受高等教育的

punctual守时的

sympathetic有同情心的l观点态度题①表示支持或肯定positive积极乐观的；supportive支持的；optimistic乐观的；approving赞成的;favorable赞成hopefulpromising有前途的，有希望的②表示客观、中立indifferent漠不关心的；objective客观的；neutral中立的；ambiguous模棱两可的；unclear不清楚③表示反对或否定critical批评的；negative否定的，消极的；disappointed失望的；disapproving不赞成的；doubtful怀疑的；opposed反对的；

ironic

讽刺的④担心：worriedconcerned

常见命题形式：Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowards…?Whatistheauthor’sopinionon…?Theauthor’stoneinthispassageis_____.【解题点津】1.

要先判断题目考查的是作者的观点或态度还是文中人物的观点或态度。2.

注意切勿用自己的观点代替作者的观点或文中人物的观点。3.

注意文中描写环境以及表达感情色彩、观点或态度的词语或句子，利用它们来推断作者的观点或态度。4.

文中人物的观点或态度经常会出现在该人物的话语中。Ithinkofmediacharactersasanadd-ontoalreadybusyminds,bycarefullymonitoringwhogetsinvitedintoourlives,theybecomepartoftheparentingteam.Theyteachloyaltyadventure,curiosity--lessonsI'mtryingtoconvey,butinamuchcoolerwaythanIcan.1.What'stheauthor’sattitudetothemediacharactersinparentingchildren?

AIndifferent.

B.Critical.

C.Supportive.

D.Disapproving.

文章出处题一般情况下，介绍某产品性能——广告(advertisement)；介绍某人生平事迹——传记(biography传记)：介绍浅显的科学知识的文章——教材(textbook)或杂志；介绍某处名胜或景点——旅游杂志、休闲杂志;geography地理/biology生物textbook

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art/sciencemagazine艺术、科学杂志newsreport新闻报道bookreview书评guidebrochure指导手册travelbrochure旅游手册novel/sciencefiction小说、科幻小说常见命题形式有：Thepassageisprobablytakeoutof_____Thepassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin_____Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?含有网址或click等字眼的文章可能出自网站；含有experiment,research等词的文章可能来自科学报告或研究论文；科学杂志；含有admission,routes等词的文章可能来自旅行指南；含有food,health等词的文章可能来自健康杂志或报纸的健康板块。Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric（生物测量）technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice

thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence（节奏）withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser’stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople’sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit’sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.1.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?

A.Adiary.

B.Aguidebook

C.Anovel.

D.Amagazinebringin/introducethetopicattract/drawthereader’sinterest/attention预测推理判断题。最后一段推测根据语篇对文章接下来的内容或可能的结局进行猜测，常见命题形式有：Whatdoyouthinkwillhappenif/when…?Attheendofthispassage,thewritermightcontinuetowrite_____（4）词义猜测题（1）熟词生义（2）“灵活”的常用词增多,必须根据具体的上下文语境才能正确理解（3）根据定义，释义猜词义：破折号，冒号，同位语从句，定语从句，namely,called,thatistosay,suchas,forexample,like等（4）超纲生词(embarkon,declutter...)5.根据逻辑关系猜词义。but,however,