高三英语一轮复习阅读拓展训练（三）

阅读拓展训练（三）

1

Asdigitaldeviceshavetakenoversociety,"keyboardactivityisnowoftenrecommended

asareplacementforearlyhandwriting,anewstudynotes.Theideaisthattypingmaybe

easierforyoungchildren.

Thepotentialbenefitsofhandwritingforlearningandmemoryhavebeendebatedfor

sometime.Thenewstudysetouttoanswertwoquestions.Howdoeshandwritingcompareto

usingakeyboardordrawingwhenitcomestolearningnewinformation?Andhowsimilar

arehandwritinganddrawing?

Inall,12adultsand12seventh-graderstookpart.Researchersaskedeachofthemto

writeanddrawwithadigitalpen.Eachwasalsoaskedtotypeonakeyboard.While

performingthesetasks,eachvolunteerworeacapthatheldelectrodes（电极）nexttotheir

head.ItJqokgd…somewhat」ike.a.haii•…nejftted…with256sensors,which.recordedthe

volunteers'brainwaves,a.typeofelectricalactivity,,asEEGs.

Theelectrodesnotedwhichpartsofthebrainturnedonduringeachtask.Andthey

showedthatthebrainactivitywasaboutthesameinboththekidsandtheadults.Writing

turnedonmemoryareasinthebrain.Typingdidn't.Drawingimagesandwritingalsoturned

onpartsofthebraininvolvedwithlearning.Writingevenactivatedlanguageareas.

Thissuggests,accordingtoVanderMeer,thenewstudy'sleader,thatwhenwewriteby

hand,“webothlearnbetterandrememberbetter."Herteamnowsuggests“thatchildren,

fromanearlyage,mustbeexposedtohandwritinganddrawingactivitiesinschool.”

These.new,.findings.backup.olherstudies.showingpotentialbenefits.ofhandwriting..says

JoshuaWeiner,whowas.notinvolvedwiththenew,study.Hisownstudentstypefasterthan

theycanwrite,hefinds.Slowingdownseemstorequirethemto“thinkmore^^whentaking

notes,hesays.Headdsthatthiscould"improvememoryandenhanceleaming.^^Weiner

concludesthat"writingmaybebeneficial“asitinvolvesmoreofa“brainresponse^^.

VanderMeerrecognizesthatlearningtowritebyhandisaslowerprocess.Sheisalso

awarethatitrequiresfinemotorskills.But,sheadds,“Ifwedon'tchallengeourbrain,it

can'treachitsfullpotential.,5

1-Acapwasusedintheexperimentto.

A-givethevolunteersinstructionsB-recordthevolunteers?everymove

C•helpthevolunteersbetterfocusonthetaskD-keeptrackofthevolunteers5brainactivity

2-WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?

A-Thetoolsinventedbytheresearchers.B•Thebackgroundoftheparticipants.

C-Theprocessoftheexperiment.D•Theapplicationofthestudy.

3-Whatdidtheresearchteamfind?

A-Typingmadethebrainmoreactive.

B-Writingturnedonmoreareasinthebrain.

C-Drawingactivatedthearearelatedtomemory.

D•Adultscoulddobetterthankidsintakingnotes.

4-WhichofthefollowingwouldVanderMeerprobablyagreewith?

A•Keyboardsshouldbeusedaslittleaspossible.

B-Requirementsforhand-writtennoteswillbenefitkids.

C-Theprocessofwritingslowsdownthebrainresponse.

D-Typinggivesusachancetoimprovememoryandlearning.

第2页,共13页

【重点词汇】

replacement

debate

involve

activate

expose

potential

【认知词汇】

device

sensor

【中译英翻译】

1.作为一位传统文化迷，我及其渴望参加这类与文化交流有关的活动。

2.那几次艰苦的训练激发了他的潜力。

2

Youmayhaveheardthathumansonlyuse10percentoftheirbrainpower,andthatifyou

couldunlocktherestofyourbrainpower,youcoulddosomuchmore.However,thereisa

powerfulbodyofevidencedebunkingthe10percentmyth.Scientistshaveconsistently

shownthathumansusetheirentirebrainthroughouteachday.

Despitetheevidence,the10percentmythhasinspiredmanyreferencesinthecultural

imagination.A2013studyshowedthatabout65percentofAmericansbelievedthemyth,and

a1998studyshowedthatafullthirdofpsychologymajors,whofocusontheworkingsofthe

brain,fellforit.

Neuropsychologystudieshowtheanatomy（构造）ofthebrainaffectssomeone'sbehavior,

emotion,andcognition.Overtheyears,brainscientistshaveshownthatdifferentpartsofthe

brainareresponsibleforspecificfunctions.Contrarytothe10percentmyth,scientistshave

proventhateverypartofthebrainisintegralforourdailyfunctioning.Manybrainimaging

studiesthatmeasurebrainactivitywhenapersonisdoingaspecifictaskshowhowdifferent

partsofthebrainworktogether.Forexample,whileyouarereadingthistextonyour

smartphone,somepartsofyourbrain,includingthoseresponsibleforvision,reading

comprehension,andholdingyourphone,willbemoreactive.

However,somebrainimagesunintentionallysupportthe10percentmyth,becausethey

oftenshowsmallbrightsplotches（斑点）onanotherwisegraybrain.Thismayimplythat

onlythebrightspotshavebrainactivity,butthatisn'tthecase.Rather,coloredsplotches

representbrainareasthataremoreactivewhensomeone'sdoingataskcomparedtowhen

they5renot.Thegrayspotsarestillactive,justtoalesserdegree.

Amoredirectcountertothe10percentmythliesinindividualswhohavesufferedbrain

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damage.Ifthe10percentmythweretrue,damagetoperhaps90percentofthebrainwouldn't

affectdailyfunctioning.Yetstudiesshowthatdamagingevenaverysmallpartofthebrain

mayhavedevastatingconsequences.Forexample,damagetoBroca'sareahindersproper

formationofwordsandfluentspeech,thoughgenerallanguagecomprehensionremains

intact.

Anotherlineofevidenceagainstthe10percentmythcomesfromevolution.Theadult

brainonlyconstitutes2percentofbodymass,yetitconsumesover20percentofthebody's

energy.Incomparison,theadultbrainsofmanyvertebratespecies-includingsomefish,

reptiles,birds,andmammals-consume2to8percentoftheirbody'senergy.Thebrainhas

beenshapedbymillionsofyearsofnaturalselection,whichpassesdownfavorabletraitsto

increaselikelihoodofsurvival.Itisunlikelythatthebodywoulddedicatesomuchofits

energytokeepanentirebrainfunctioningifitonlyuses10percentofthebrain.

5-Whatdoestheunderlinedphrasetufellfor“inParagraph2probablymean?

A-Believed.B•Proved.C-Developed.D-Discovered.

6-Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprobablyagreewith?

A-Wehaveahugepotentialforbraindevelopment.

B-Weconsumetoomuchbodyenergyusingourbrain.

C-Werelyoneverypartofourbrainfordailyactivities.

D•Wecanseeinactivebrainareasbyusingbrainimages.

7-Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor'sattitudetowardsthe10percentmyth?

A­Objective.B•Doubtful.

C-Unconcerned.D•Supportive.

8-Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A•WhatPercentageoftheHumanBrainIsUsed?

B-HowCantheHumanBrainBeFullyDeveloped?

C-HowCantheMythoftheHumanBrainBeSolved?

D-WhatAretheFunctionsoftheDifferentPartsoftheHumanBrain?

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3

Avideocirculatedonsocialmediaearlierthisyear,showingatouristopeningthedoorof

avehicle,reachingoutanarmandattemptingtostrokeapassinglioness.Thelioness

shruggedhimoff,butitcouldhaveeasilygonehorriblywrong.

Recklessbehaviouraroundwildliferisksthesafetyofbothpeopleandanimals.People

riskbeingattacked,mauled（撕咬）andpossiblykilled,whileanimalscanbeharmed,

removedorputdown,irrespectiveofwhethertheywereonlydefendingthemselves.Animal

attackscanalsocastadestinationinanegativelight,causingtemporaryclosuresorscaring

offvisitors.Alljustsosomeonecouldboastthattheyhadstrokedalionorcapturedamoment

onacameraphone.

“Touristsaregettingmoreandmorerecklessaroundwildlifeandthesourceofthe

problemissocialmedia.^^sayswildlifephotographerAnetteMosshachers."Peoplerisking

theirlivesordoingstupidthingswithwildlifeareafter'likes'andfollowers,somethingto

showoffonsocialmedia,“saysMossbacher."Thegreatertherisk,themore'likes'theyget.

Withsomeclients,itseemslikeasicknessoraddiction.

Yetsocialmediaisnotentirelytoblame.Peoplehavealwaystakenrisksforan

experience.Foolishbehaviorandatendencytogetcockyarounddangerousanimalsmust

havebeenaroundsincethedawnofhumanity.Ahungerforattentiononlinemightdrivesome

ofthecurrentmadness,butsomeindividualsmightbetryingtorecreateapieceoftheaction

theyhaveseenontelevision.Perhapstheadrenaline（肾上腺激素）rushwhenclosetowild

animalscausesanevaporationofcommonsense.

“There'saworryinglackofawarenessthatanimalsseveraltimesoursize,weight,speed

andstrengthcaneasilyhurtus,“sayswildlifephotographerDavidLloyd."Idon'tthinkparks

aredoingenoughtoraiseawareness.Touristsneedtoknowhowtheirpresencecanaffect

wildlife.Agoodexampleischeetahs（猎豹）onvehiclerooftops.Itmaybeathrillforthe

bystanders,buttheconsequencesifamothercheetahfallsoffwouldbesevere.Shewouldno

longerbeabletohunt,sohercubscouldeasilystarve.^^

“Peoplearen'tgettingtheeducationaboutwhytheyneedtostayawayfromwildlife,

includingavoidingdiseases,keepingpeoplesecureandlettingwildlifebewild,“saysPhilip

Muruthi,vicepresidentofspeciesconservationandsciencefortheAfricanWildlife

Foundation."Weneedtoeducatetouriststhroughsigns,pamphletsandfrontlinedrivers.We

shouldsticktoguidelines,andthereneedstobeenforcementthroughthelaw.”

9-Whatcanwelearnaboutrecklessbehaviouraroundwildlife?

A-Itharmstouristsmorethananimals.

B♦Itenablestouriststogetintimatewithanimals.

C-Itmaybringmoreprofitstoatouristdestination.

D-Itmaygetanimalskilledfordefendingthemselves.

10•AsforMossbacher'sopiniononwhatdrivespeople'srecklessbehavior,theauthor

is.

A-sympatheticB•disapprovingC-doubtfulD-indifferent

11-Whatdoestheunderlinedword“cocky“inParagraph4probablymean?

A-Selfish.B•Frightened.C-Arrogant.D-Shocked.

12-Whatcanweconcludefromthepassage?

A-Parksareexpectedtotakemoreresponsibilitiesforeducatingtourists.

B-Raisingtourists'awarenessmeansstressingthedangerofanimalstothem.

C-Moreregulationofthetouristindustryisthekeytoraisingtourists5awareness.

D-Penaltiesratherthaneducationcanstoppeopletakingsillyrisksaroundwildlife.

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4

Wheredidyourfamilyeatdinnerlastnight?Inthecaronthewaytosport?At

McDonald's?Oratthedinnertable?Asurveytakenafewyearsagofoundthat28%.families

atedinnertogetherathomesevennightsa.week.Anotherquartersaidtheyatetogetherthree

orfewernightsaweek.

Onceuponatimethesituationwasdifferent.13Plates,forksandspoons

wouldbelaidout.Asdinnertimeapproached,anincreasingnumberofhungrymouths

wouldbegintoappearwiththequestion,"What'sfordinner”?

14Thedataseemstopointtotwomainissues:overworkedparentsand

over-scheduledchildren.Whenmumordaddogethomeintheevening,theyaresooninthe

caragaintosendthechildrentosoccer,music,tutoring,andahostofotherevents.

This.nightlyceremonyaroundthe.dinnerlableisbothvitalandfruitful;iiiswhatkeepsa

family.—together.Sure,theconversationisnotalwayssignificantandchildrenargue.And

sometimesthedeepestandmostmeaningfultimesinafamilyarenotatthetableatall.

15Thedinnertableistheplacewhereafamilybuildsanidentity.Storiesarepassed

down,jokesareexchangedandthewiderworldisexaminedthroughthelens（镜头）ofa

family'svalues.Childrenpickupvocabularyandasenseofhowconversationisstructured.

16Dinnertimeis“familytime”.Comingbackdailytothesameplacehelpsgain

familiarity.

Thesignificanceofdinnertimeismorethanabove.Studiesshowthatthemorefamilies

eattogether,thelesslikelythechildrenaretosmoke,drink,getdepressed,anddevelop

eatingdisorders,andthemorelikelytheyaretodowellinschoolandlearnhowtosocialize.

OneprofessoratRutgersUniversityinNewJerseystated,“Amealisaboutcivilizing

children.17

Sostartbyplanningsomestayathomefamilydinnerstogether.Justfamilytalk.

A•It'satimetoteachthemtobeamemberoftheirculture.

B-Eachnightthediningtablewouldbesetwithasimplecloth.

C-Whynotcutbackonafewactivitiesandhavedinnerwithyourfamily?

D-Whataccountsforthisdeclineinfamilieseatingtogethertodaythough?

E-Theyalsolearngoodtablemanners,somethingthatwillbenefitthemforlife.

F-Itwasimportantforchildrenandparentstositdowntogetherandgettoknoweachother.

G•However,thereisstillsomethinguniqueaboutthetimeafamilyspendsaroundthedinnertable.

【重点词汇】

approach

vital

depressed

【认知词汇】

disorder

【中译英翻译】

参加植树活动是应对环境污染的一个极好的方法，这对吸收有害气体起到关键作用。

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5

CasualDressintheWorkplace

ForRuth,anemployeeataninsurancecompany,Fridayisn'tjustanotherworkday.Itis

thedaywhenshecanwearasweaterandcasualtrousersinsteadofbusinesssuit.18

“Itisarealtreat.Itputsusingoodmoodandwindstheweekdown.^^Ruthhasjoined

thousandsofworkersacrosstheUnitedStateswhohappilychangefromjackets,ties,and

dressestojeans,poloshirts,andsweatersonFridays.

Whydress-downFriday?”Ithinkitgivesanatmosphereoflessformality（正式）says

PresidentMatthewofEntexIndustries.Today,dressingcasuallyonthejobisawaytoshow

yourcompanyisinstyle.Anothercontributorisfaxes,voicemailandemail,whichhave

reducedpubliccontact.19

However,eventhoughdressingdownispopular,thetrendiscontroversial.Someworkers

remainstronglyopposed.4tYouhavegotallthetimeintheworldtodressdownwhenyou

retire,5,declaredonewoman.20"Wehadsomeveryimportantguestscomeinon