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外刊经贸知识选读年月真题
0009620064
1、【单选题】Farmers【bartered】riceformachinery.
exported
imported
A:
exchanged
B:
charged
C:
答D:案:C
2、【单选题】Moneyisstillamajor【incentive】inmostoccupations.
procedure
stimulus
A:
potential
B:
section
C:
答D:案:B
3、【单选题】ForChina'snewly-risingenterprises,【profits】areupthroughout
theregion-thankslargelytolowwages.
products
sales
A:
bonuses
B:
returns
C:
答D:案:D
4、【单选题】Theworkersdemandedthesamewageandthesametreatment!There
mustbeno【discrimination】.
distribution
prejudice
A:
agreement
B:
performance
C:
答D:案:B
5、【单选题】Victimsoftheworld'slargestindustrialaccidentgot$470million
【compensation】.
conversation
payment
A:
preparation
B:
competition
C:
答D:案:B
6、【单选题】SouthKoreaneedsonlysomedegreeof【sweat】andsomedegreeof
technologicalsophistication.
effort
water
A:
fever
B:
sweet
C:
答D:案:A
7、【单选题】Expertspredictthatthestockmarketwillremain【buoyant】.
buying
rising
A:
declining
B:
descending
C:
答D:案:B
8、【单选题】Internationalconditionsforgrowthindevelopingcountries
【deteriorated】in1991.
bettered
determined
A:
worsened
B:
damaged
C:
答D:案:C
9、【单选题】Farfromcapitulatingtothisnew【thrust】ofAmericantrade
policy,Japanistakingastandthatcouldleadtoatrans-Pacificconfrontation.
point
pressure
A:
pull
B:
priority
C:
答D:案:A
10、【单选题】Measurestoreducecostsarebeginningto【takeeffect】.
affectallsides
producedesiredresults
A:
impactcost
B:
haveinfluence
C:
答D:案:B
11、【单选题】Abusinesstaxcutisneededto【spur】industrialinvestment.
spread
spoil
A:
stimulate
B:
spill
C:
答D:案:C
12、【单选题】wantedtogoout,butIhadnomoney.Ihadno【alternative】but
tostayathome.
alternate
choose
A:
alert
B:
choice
C:
答D:案:D
13、【单选题】Akeyelementofhiseconomicprogramisthe【promotion】offree
tradeandinvestment.
encouragement
protection
A:
excitement
B:
innovation
C:
答D:案:A
14、【单选题】Speculatorsdesertedthesecurityandbigyieldsaffordedbythe
【equity】andmoneymarkets
stock
asset
A:
equality
B:
sales
C:
D:
答案:A
15、【单选题】Tradeandinvestmentliberalizationwillaggravatethecompetition
onthe【domestic】andinternationalmarkets.
world
foreign
A:
local
B:
abroad
C:
答D:案:C
16、【判断题】Passage1Chinaisnowreachingforthenextrungontheeconomic
ladder.LastfallBeijingagreedtoopenitsmarketstomoreU.S.goods,
includingeverythingfromPolaroidfilmtoautomobiles.Inreturn,Washington
wouldsupportChina'smembershipintheGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade.
Membershipinthisclub,whichincludesalltheworld'sleadingeconomies,could
provideahugeboostforalow-wageexporteconomy.Alreadythough,China's
commercialstrengthisstartingtoworrycompetitors.LastyearChina'strade
surplussurged,buoyedbyexportsoftoys,textilesandconsumerelectronics.
ItstradesurpluswiththeUnitedStateshitarecord$18billion.OnlyJapan'swas
larger.WiththeU.S.CongressduetoconsidertherenewalofChina'smost-favored
nationtradestatusinJune,officialsinBeijingfearthetradeimbalancecould
surpasshumanrightsasasourceofU.S.oppositiontopreferredstatusforChina.
"ThetradesurplusitselfwillbetheNo.1problemthisyear,"saysoneChinese
official"AfterJapan,we'llbefirstinlineforretaliation."Statements:
42.China'stradesurplus,mainlyfromexportsoftoys,textilesand
consumerelectronics,decreasedlastyear.
True
False
A:
答B:案:B
17、【判断题】Passage1Chinaisnowreachingforthenextrungontheeconomic
ladder.LastfallBeijingagreedtoopenitsmarketstomoreU.S.goods,
includingeverythingfromPolaroidfilmtoautomobiles.Inreturn,Washington
wouldsupportChina'smembershipintheGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade.
Membershipinthisclub,whichincludesalltheworld'sleadingeconomies,could
provideahugeboostforalow-wageexporteconomy.Alreadythough,China's
commercialstrengthisstartingtoworrycompetitors.LastyearChina'strade
surplussurged,buoyedbyexportsoftoys,textilesandconsumerelectronics.
ItstradesurpluswiththeUnitedStateshitarecord$18billion.OnlyJapan'swas
larger.WiththeU.S.CongressduetoconsidertherenewalofChina'smost-favored
nationtradestatusinJune,officialsinBeijingfearthetradeimbalancecould
surpasshumanrightsasasourceofU.S.oppositiontopreferredstatusforChina.
"ThetradesurplusitselfwillbetheNo.1problemthisyear,"saysoneChinese
official"AfterJapan,we'llbefirstinlineforretaliation."Statements:
43.ThestrategyofopeningmarketstomoreU.S.goodsisadoptedby
ChineseleadersinthehopeofobtainingWashington'ssupportinwinningback
China'smembershipinGATT.
True
False
A:
答B:案:A
18、【判断题】Passage1Chinaisnowreachingforthenextrungontheeconomic
ladder.LastfallBeijingagreedtoopenitsmarketstomoreU.S.goods,
includingeverythingfromPolaroidfilmtoautomobiles.Inreturn,Washington
wouldsupportChina'smembershipintheGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade.
Membershipinthisclub,whichincludesalltheworld'sleadingeconomies,could
provideahugeboostforalow-wageexporteconomy.Alreadythough,China's
commercialstrengthisstartingtoworrycompetitors.LastyearChina'strade
surplussurged,buoyedbyexportsoftoys,textilesandconsumerelectronics.
ItstradesurpluswiththeUnitedStateshitarecord$18billion.OnlyJapan'swas
larger.WiththeU.S.CongressduetoconsidertherenewalofChina'smost-favored
nationtradestatusinJune,officialsinBeijingfearthetradeimbalancecould
surpasshumanrightsasasourceofU.S.oppositiontopreferredstatusforChina.
"ThetradesurplusitselfwillbetheNo.1problemthisyear,"saysoneChinese
official"AfterJapan,we'llbefirstinlineforretaliation."Statements:
44.ChinabecamethecountrywhichheldthelargesttradesurpluswiththeU.S.
lastyear.
True
False
A:
答B:案:B
19、【判断题】Passage1Chinaisnowreachingforthenextrungontheeconomic
ladder.LastfallBeijingagreedtoopenitsmarketstomoreU.S.goods,
includingeverythingfromPolaroidfilmtoautomobiles.Inreturn,Washington
wouldsupportChina'smembershipintheGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade.
Membershipinthisclub,whichincludesalltheworld'sleadingeconomies,could
provideahugeboostforalow-wageexporteconomy.Alreadythough,China's
commercialstrengthisstartingtoworrycompetitors.LastyearChina'strade
surplussurged,buoyedbyexportsoftoys,textilesandconsumerelectronics.
ItstradesurpluswiththeUnitedStateshitarecord$18billion.OnlyJapan'swas
larger.WiththeU.S.CongressduetoconsidertherenewalofChina'smost-favored
nationtradestatusinJune,officialsinBeijingfearthetradeimbalancecould
surpasshumanrightsasasourceofU.S.oppositiontopreferredstatusforChina.
"ThetradesurplusitselfwillbetheNo.1problemthisyear,"saysoneChinese
official"AfterJapan,we'llbefirstinlineforretaliation."Statements:
45.Inthepast,thetradeimbalancewasregardedasthemoreimportantsourceof
U.S.oppositiontopreferredstatusforChinathanhumanrights.
True
False
A:
答B:案:B
20、【判断题】Passage1Chinaisnowreachingforthenextrungontheeconomic
ladder.LastfallBeijingagreedtoopenitsmarketstomoreU.S.goods,
includingeverythingfromPolaroidfilmtoautomobiles.Inreturn,Washington
wouldsupportChina'smembershipintheGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade.
Membershipinthisclub,whichincludesalltheworld'sleadingeconomies,could
provideahugeboostforalow-wageexporteconomy.Alreadythough,China's
commercialstrengthisstartingtoworrycompetitors.LastyearChina'strade
surplussurged,buoyedbyexportsoftoys,textilesandconsumerelectronics.
ItstradesurpluswiththeUnitedStateshitarecord$18billion.OnlyJapan'swas
larger.WiththeU.S.CongressduetoconsidertherenewalofChina'smost-favored
nationtradestatusinJune,officialsinBeijingfearthetradeimbalancecould
surpasshumanrightsasasourceofU.S.oppositiontopreferredstatusforChina.
"ThetradesurplusitselfwillbetheNo.1problemthisyear,"saysoneChinese
official"AfterJapan,we'llbefirstinlineforretaliation."Statements:
46.OfficialsinBeijingattachmuchimportancetothetradesurplus.
True
False
A:
答B:案:A
21、【判断题】Passage2Nikeistheworld'slargestsupplierofathletic
footwearandamongthemostsuccessfulconsumer-productscompaniestohaveemerged
inthepast20years.Partofthatsuccesshascomeaboutbypayingrock-bottom
wagestotheworkerswhomaketheshoes.Allbut1%ofthe90millionshoesNike
makeseachyeararemanufacturedinAsia.NikeisasAmericanasCoca-cola.Part
ofitsappealtothemillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldwhobuyitsathletic
shoesisthatNikeissellingasenseoffreedom."Justdoit!"exultNike's
advertisements.Butthereisaroughsidetothisdream:theruthlessnesswith
whichNikeparesitscosts.Thecompanyisforeveronthelook-outforcheap
productionsites.Ifcostsinaparticularcountryorfactorymovetoofaroutof
line,productivitywillhavetorisetocompensate,orNikewilltakeits
businesselsewhere.Thefirmusesabout40factories;20haveclosedinthepast
fiveyearsorsoanother35haveopened.Nikemaylooklikeanall-American
enterprisebutitssuccessreliesonitsabilitytoharnessAsia'sspectacular
manufacturingexpertise."We'realwayslookingfornewmanufacturingsources,says
Nike'svice-presidentforproduction."Peopleaskwhywedon'tproducemorein
EasternEurope,butwe'veconcludedthatthemostcapablemanutacturersarein
Asia".TheorganizationofNikeissimpleandeffective.Alltheproductionrisk
istakenbycontractors.Wedont'knowthefirstthingaboutmanufacturing,"
saysNike's'vice-presidentforAsia-Pacific."Wearemarketersand
designers."Therearetheareasonwhichitconcentratesitsresources.Yetit
retainstheadvantagesoffirmswhichproducein-house,namelyahighdegree
ofcontroloverqualityandtheabilitytorespondrapidlytochangingtastes.
Untilrecently,almostallNike'sshoesweremadeinSouthKoreaandTaiwan,but
aslaborcoststherehavesoared,thefirm'scontractorsinthesetwoareashave
movedmuchoftheirproductiontocheapersitesinIndonesiaandThailand.
Statements:47.ThemostimportantingredientofNike'ssuccessisgivingpeople
asenseoffreedom.
True
False
A:
答B:案:B
22、【判断题】Passage2Nikeistheworld'slargestsupplierofathletic
footwearandamongthemostsuccessfulconsumer-productscompaniestohaveemerged
inthepast20years.Partofthatsuccesshascomeaboutbypayingrock-bottom
wagestotheworkerswhomaketheshoes.Allbut1%ofthe90millionshoesNike
makeseachyeararemanufacturedinAsia.NikeisasAmericanasCoca-cola.Part
ofitsappealtothemillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldwhobuyitsathletic
shoesisthatNikeissellingasenseoffreedom."Justdoit!"exultNike's
advertisements.Butthereisaroughsidetothisdream:theruthlessnesswith
whichNikeparesitscosts.Thecompanyisforeveronthelook-outforcheap
productionsites.Ifcostsinaparticularcountryorfactorymovetoofaroutof
line,productivitywillhavetorisetocompensate,orNikewilltakeits
businesselsewhere.Thefirmusesabout40factories;20haveclosedinthepast
fiveyearsorsoanother35haveopened.Nikemaylooklikeanall-American
enterprisebutitssuccessreliesonitsabilitytoharnessAsia'sspectacular
manufacturingexpertise."We'realwayslookingfornewmanufacturingsources,says
Nike'svice-presidentforproduction."Peopleaskwhywedon'tproducemorein
EasternEurope,butwe'veconcludedthatthemostcapablemanutacturersarein
Asia".TheorganizationofNikeissimpleandeffective.Alltheproductionrisk
istakenbycontractors.Wedont'knowthefirstthingaboutmanufacturing,"
saysNike's'vice-presidentforAsia-Pacific."Wearemarketersand
designers."Therearetheareasonwhichitconcentratesitsresources.Yetit
retainstheadvantagesoffirmswhichproducein-house,namelyahighdegree
ofcontroloverqualityandtheabilitytorespondrapidlytochangingtastes.
Untilrecently,almostallNike'sshoesweremadeinSouthKoreaandTaiwan,but
aslaborcoststherehavesoared,thefirm'scontractorsinthesetwoareashave
movedmuchoftheirproductiontocheapersitesinIndonesiaandThailand.
Statements:48.ThequantityofshoesNikemanufacturesinAsiaeachyearis
about90million.
True
False
A:
答B:案:A
23、【判断题】Passage2Nikeistheworld'slargestsupplierofathletic
footwearandamongthemostsuccessfulconsumer-productscompaniestohaveemerged
inthepast20years.Partofthatsuccesshascomeaboutbypayingrock-bottom
wagestotheworkerswhomaketheshoes.Allbut1%ofthe90millionshoesNike
makeseachyeararemanufacturedinAsia.NikeisasAmericanasCoca-cola.Part
ofitsappealtothemillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldwhobuyitsathletic
shoesisthatNikeissellingasenseoffreedom."Justdoit!"exultNike's
advertisements.Butthereisaroughsidetothisdream:theruthlessnesswith
whichNikeparesitscosts.Thecompanyisforeveronthelook-outforcheap
productionsites.Ifcostsinaparticularcountryorfactorymovetoofaroutof
line,productivitywillhavetorisetocompensate,orNikewilltakeits
businesselsewhere.Thefirmusesabout40factories;20haveclosedinthepast
fiveyearsorsoanother35haveopened.Nikemaylooklikeanall-American
enterprisebutitssuccessreliesonitsabilitytoharnessAsia'sspectacular
manufacturingexpertise."We'realwayslookingfornewmanufacturingsources,says
Nike'svice-presidentforproduction."Peopleaskwhywedon'tproducemorein
EasternEurope,butwe'veconcludedthatthemostcapablemanutacturersarein
Asia".TheorganizationofNikeissimpleandeffective.Alltheproductionrisk
istakenbycontractors.Wedont'knowthefirstthingaboutmanufacturing,"
saysNike's'vice-presidentforAsia-Pacific."Wearemarketersand
designers."Therearetheareasonwhichitconcentratesitsresources.Yetit
retainstheadvantagesoffirmswhichproducein-house,namelyahighdegree
ofcontroloverqualityandtheabilitytorespondrapidlytochangingtastes.
Untilrecently,almostallNike'sshoesweremadeinSouthKoreaandTaiwan,but
aslaborcoststherehavesoared,thefirm'scontractorsinthesetwoareashave
movedmuchoftheirproductiontocheapersitesinIndonesiaandThailand.
Statements:49.Asalltheproductionriskistakenbycontractors,Nike's
mainconcentrationisonmarketinganddesigning.
True
False
A:
答B:案:A
24、【判断题】Passage2Nikeistheworld'slargestsupplierofathletic
footwearandamongthemostsuccessfulconsumer-productscompaniestohaveemerged
inthepast20years.Partofthatsuccesshascomeaboutbypayingrock-bottom
wagestotheworkerswhomaketheshoes.Allbut1%ofthe90millionshoesNike
makeseachyeararemanufacturedinAsia.NikeisasAmericanasCoca-cola.Part
ofitsappealtothemillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldwhobuyitsathletic
shoesisthatNikeissellingasenseoffreedom."Justdoit!"exultNike's
advertisements.Butthereisaroughsidetothisdream:theruthlessnesswith
whichNikeparesitscosts.Thecompanyisforeveronthelook-outforcheap
productionsites.Ifcostsinaparticularcountryorfactorymovetoofaroutof
line,productivitywillhavetorisetocompensate,orNikewilltakeits
businesselsewhere.Thefirmusesabout40factories;20haveclosedinthepast
fiveyearsorsoanother35haveopened.Nikemaylooklikeanall-American
enterprisebutitssuccessreliesonitsabilitytoharnessAsia'sspectacular
manufacturingexpertise."We'realwayslookingfornewmanufacturingsources,says
Nike'svice-presidentforproduction."Peopleaskwhywedon'tproducemorein
EasternEurope,butwe'veconcludedthatthemostcapablemanutacturersarein
Asia".TheorganizationofNikeissimpleandeffective.Alltheproductionrisk
istakenbycontractors.Wedont'knowthefirstthingaboutmanufacturing,"
saysNike's'vice-presidentforAsia-Pacific."Wearemarketersand
designers."Therearetheareasonwhichitconcentratesitsresources.Yetit
retainstheadvantagesoffirmswhichproducein-house,namelyahighdegree
ofcontroloverqualityandtheabilitytorespondrapidlytochangingtastes.
Untilrecently,almostallNike'sshoesweremadeinSouthKoreaandTaiwan,but
aslaborcoststherehavesoared,thefirm'scontractorsinthesetwoareashave
movedmuchoftheirproductiontocheapersitesinIndonesiaandThailand.
Statements:50.NikepreferstoproduceinAsiaratherthaninEasternEurope
becausetheythinktheAsianmarketisbiggerthanEasternEurope's.
True
False
A:
B:
答案:B
25、【判断题】Passage2Nikeistheworld'slargestsupplierofathletic
footwearandamongthemostsuccessfulconsumer-productscompaniestohaveemerged
inthepast20years.Partofthatsuccesshascomeaboutbypayingrock-bottom
wagestotheworkerswhomaketheshoes.Allbut1%ofthe90millionshoesNike
makeseachyeararemanufacturedinAsia.NikeisasAmericanasCoca-cola.Part
ofitsappealtothemillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldwhobuyitsathletic
shoesisthatNikeissellingasenseoffreedom."Justdoit!"exultNike's
advertisements.Butthereisaroughsidetothisdream:theruthlessnesswith
whichNikeparesitscosts.Thecompanyisforeveronthelook-outforcheap
productionsites.Ifcostsinaparticularcountryorfactorymovetoofaroutof
line,productivitywillhavetorisetocompensate,orNikewilltakeits
businesselsewhere.Thefirmusesabout40factories;20haveclosedinthepast
fiveyearsorsoanother35haveopened.Nikemaylooklikeanall-American
enterprisebutitssuccessreliesonitsabilitytoharnessAsia'sspectacular
manufacturingexpertise."We'realwayslookingfornewmanufacturingsources,says
Nike'svice-presidentforproduction."Peopleaskwhywedon'tproducemorein
EasternEurope,butwe'veconcludedthatthemostcapablemanutacturersarein
Asia".TheorganizationofNikeissimpleandeffective.Alltheproductionrisk
istakenbycontractors.Wedont'knowthefirstthingaboutmanufacturing,"
saysNike's'vice-presidentforAsia-Pacific."Wearemarketersand
designers."Therearetheareasonwhichitconcentratesitsresources.Yetit
retainstheadvantagesoffirmswhichproducein-house,namelyahighdegree
ofcontroloverqualityandtheabilitytorespondrapidlytochangingtastes.
Untilrecently,almostallNike'sshoesweremadeinSouthKoreaandTaiwan,but
aslaborcoststherehavesoared,thefirm'scontractorsinthesetwoareashave
movedmuchoftheirproductiontocheapersitesinIndonesiaandThailand.
Statements:51.Tokeepcostslow,Nike'smostimportantstrategyistoproduce
incountrieswherelaborcostsarestilllow.
True
False
A:
答B:案:A
26、【问答题】(英译中)most-favorednationtreatment
答案:最惠国待遇
27、【问答题】(英译中)tradesurplus
答案:贸易顺差
28、【问答题】(英译中)hardcurrency
答案:硬通货
29、【问答题】(英译中)mergerofbanks
答案:银行兼并
30、【问答题】(英译中)liquidassets
答案:易于变卖的资产
31、【问答题】(英译中)ahermitnation
答案:闭关自守的国家
32、【问答题】(英译中)tradenegotiation
答案:贸易谈判
33、【问答题】(英译中)ataroughestimate
答案:据粗略估计
34、【问答题】(英译中)ChineseExportCommoditiesFair
答案:中国出口商品交易会
35、【问答题】(英译中)foreignexchangereserves
答案:外汇储备
36、【问答题】(中译英)独家经销合同
答案:exclusivecontract
37、【问答题】(中译英)经常项目
答案:currentaccount
38、【问答题】(中译英)清算协议
答案:clearingagreement
39、【问答题】(中译英)人均收入
答案:percapitaincome
40、【问答题】(中译英)无壁垒市场
答案:barrier-freemarket
41、【问答题】(中译英)双重税
答案:carbontax
42、【问答题】(中译英)房地产
答案:realestate
43、【问答题】(中译英)试销
答案:testmarket
44、【问答题】(中译英)知识产权
答案:intellectualpropertyright
45、【问答题】(中译英)商业周期
答案:businesscycle
46、【问答题】Passage1Aclearlyconfident【Chinahasrolledupalarge
sectionofitsbamboocurtain】,declareditself"opentotheoutsideworld"and
hungsignsonnearlyallitscitiesinvitingforeigninvestorstocomeanddo
seriousbusiness.Forforeigninvestors,theprospectof【havingaccessto】a
marketof1.3billionconsumersnolongerseemslikeapipedream.TheChinese-in
particulartheruralpopulation——aregettingricherandnowwantvisible
improvementstotheirstandardofliving:theyaspiretoowncolourTVsets,
refrigerators,trucks,washingmachinesand【better】radios,bicyclesand
clothing.Evenlocalfactoriesaretakingnoteofthevastpotential【sales】in
theirowndomesticmarket.36.Pleaseparaphrase"hasrolledupalargesectionof
itsbamboocurtain"inLine1.
答案:Itcanbeparaphrasedas:hasopeneditslong-closeddoortotheoutside
worldinmanypartsofthecountry.
47、【问答题】Passage1Aclearlyconfident【Chinahasrolledupalarge
sectionofitsbamboocurtain】,declareditself"opentotheoutsideworld"and
hungsignsonnearlyallitscitiesinvitingforeigninvestorstocomeanddo
seriousbusiness.Forforeigninvestors,theprospectof【havingaccessto】a
marketof1.3billionconsumersnolongerseemslikeapipedream.TheChinese-in
particulartheruralpopulation——aregettingricherandnowwantvisible
improvementstotheirstandardofliving:theyaspiretoowncolourTVsets,
refrigerators,trucks,washingmachinesand【better】radios,bicyclesand
clothing.Evenlocalfactoriesaretakingnoteofthevastpotential【sales】in
theirowndomesticmarket.37.Whatisimpliedbyusingtheword"better"?Doesit
refermerelytothequalityofgoodshereorsomethingmore?
答案:Better"impliesthat"theyalreadyhadthingslikeradiosbicycles
andclothing:butexpectedtohavebetterones".
48、【问答题】Passage1Aclearlyconfident【Chinahasrolledupalarge
sectionofitsbamboocurtain】,declareditself"opentotheoutsideworld"and
hungsignsonnearlyallitscitiesinvitingforeigninvestorstocomeanddo
seriousbusiness.Forforeigninvestors,theprospectof【havingaccessto】a
marketof1.3billionconsumersnolongerseemslikeapipedream.TheChinese-in
particulartheruralpopulation——aregettingricherandnowwantvisible
improvementstotheirstandardofliving:theyaspiretoowncolourTVsets,
refrigerators,trucks,washingmachinesand【better】radios,bicyclesand
clothing.Evenlocalfactoriesaretakingnoteofthevastpotential【sales】in
theirowndomesticmarket.38.Whatdo"havingaccessto"and"sales"mean?
答案:Havingaccesstomeans"enteringandthemeaningof"sales"is"quantities
tobesold".
49、【问答题】Passage2AmericawantsJapantomeetimporttargetsforsome
Americangoods.AnunwillingJapanhasdecidedto【drawtheline】.Once,when
Japanfacedpressurefromabroaditwouldeither【givein】reluctantlyorkeep
quietandhopethatthefusswoulddiedown.【Nolonger,itseems】.TheClinton
administrationstronglybelievesinexertingsuchpressure.Itspolicyistoopen
someJapanesemarkets(whichitdeemstobeclosed)bysettingimporttargets-an
approachtotradepolicythatsupporterscall"result-oriented".Thisuglyterm
foreshadowsuncertainconsequences.Farfromcapitulatingtothisnewthrustof
Americantradepolicy,Japanistakingastandthatcouldleadtoatrans-Pacif
confrontation.39.Pleasegiveasynonymtothe
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