高考英语语法填空及完形填空考点清单

高考语法填空及完形填空考点清单一、名词：1.特殊名词的复数:childchildren,manmen,womanwomen,footfeet,toothteeth,mousemice,sheepsheep,speciesspecies,stomachstomachs,deerdeer,goosegeese,oxoxen,ChineseChinese,JapaneseJapanese,phenomenonphenomena,meansmeans,seriesseries,crisiscrises,basisbases,GermanGermans,AustralianAustralians2.不可数名词:advice,baggage,equipment,information,luggage,furniture,fun,weather,knowledge,jewelry,progress,traffic3.可数不可数均可，但意思不同:

arm手臂,arms武器;good好处,goods货物;green绿色,greens蔬菜;paper纸,papers论文;sand沙,sands沙滩;time时间,times时代;water水,waters水域;wood木材,woods森林;work工作,works著作;experience经验,experiences经历;room空间,rooms房间;exercise锻炼,exercises练习4.只有复数形式的名词：trousers,clothes,socks,shorts,goods,thanks,congratulations,belongings,scissors,glasses,wages工资；riches财富；surroundings环境；ashes灰尘；passes圆规5.复数形式，单数意思的名词：plastics,news,politics,physics,mathematics6.复合名词的复数形式:girlfriends,boystudents,womenteachers,menworkers,passersby,gobetweens,grownups7.谓语动词用复数的名词:

police,cattle,clothes,goods8.抽象名词具体化为可数名词：surprise,cold,pleasure,pity,failure,success,worry,honor,must,difficulty,youth,beauty,wonder,danger,interest9.辅音字母+o结尾复数加es的名词：tomatotomatoes,potatopotatoes,heroheroes10.变“f”或“fe”为“v”之后再加es为复数形式的名词：wifewives,lifelives,knifeknives,wolfwolves,selfselves,leafleaves,shelfshelves,thiefthieves11.特殊注意的名词:

people(民族,人);nature(自然,特性);man(男人,人类)，youth(年轻人,青年男子,青春)12.特殊注意的搭配:

congratulations祝贺;havewordswithsb.同某人吵架;inhighspirits以很高热情地;giveone’sregardstosb.向某人问侯;inrags衣衫破烂;Itisgoodmannerstodosth.有礼貌做某事二、动词时态和语态：1.常考动词时态：(1)三个一般：一般现在时、一般过去式、一般将来时；(2)三个现在：现在进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时；(3)三个过去：过去进行时、过去完成时，过去完成进行时。2.现在进行时与频度副词always,allthetime,forever,constantly,continuously等词连用，往往表赞扬、埋怨、气愤或厌恶等情绪。Heisalwaysthinkingofhisstudy.(称赞)Heisalwaysmakingthesamemistakes.(批评)3.某些表动向和起始的动词begin,e,go,leave,sail,start,arrive,return,dine,end,stop,depart,open,close,sail等，当其表一个按计划、安排下必将进行的动作或出现的状态时(这时都有一个表示未来的时间状语)要用一般现在时代替将来时。IleaveforDaliannextSunday.4.在时间、真实条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，(有时也用现在进行时代替一般将来时，显得更确定)Whenheesback,we'llgoshoppingtogether.5.不能用被动语态的几种情况(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。(2)表示状态的动词last,hold,benefit,contain,equal,fit,join,mean,last,looklike,consistof等不能用于被动语态中。(3)表示归属的动词如have,own,belongto等不能用于被动语态之中。(4)表示“希望、意图”的动词如wish,want,hope,like,love,hate等不能用于被动语态之中。(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。(6)宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词等时，谓语动词不用被动语态。6.主动形式表被动意义(1)当feel,look,smell,taste,sound,remain等后面接形容词时。(2)当break,burn,cook,cut,drive,eat,iron,keep,play,sell,last,open,shut,wear,wash,write,translate,print,run,read,operate等词带状语修饰语well,easily,poorly等时。(3)当动词begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,run等表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。(4)当breakout,takeplace,shutoff,turnoff,workout等表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。(5)want,require,need,deserve后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。(6)beworthdoing用主动形式表示被动含义。(7)在“be+形容词+todo”中，(常用于此结构的形容词有：difficult,easy,hard,interesting,pleasant,nice,bitter,fit,dangerous,light,heavy,important等)不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动表被动。(8)某些不定式：toblame,toseek,tolet,torent等与be连用时Thehouseistolet.这房子要出租。(9)常见的不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语有：fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watch,agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto等。7.被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况(1)beseated坐着。如：Heisseatedonabench.(Heseatshimselfonabench.)坐在凳子上。(2)behidden躲藏。如：Hewashiddenbehindthedoor.(Hehidhimselfbehindthedoor.)他藏在门后。(3)belost迷路。如：Unsavedchangeswillbelost.未保存的更改将丢失。(4)bedrunk喝醉。如：Hemustbedrunk,orelseheismad.他准是醉了，不然就是疯了。(5)bedressed穿着。如：Thegirlwasdressedinaredshortskirt.那女孩穿着一条红色的短裙。注意：bedetermined,bepleased,begraduated(from),befinished,beprepared(for),beoccupied(in),getmarried等都属于被动形式表示主动意义的情况。8.主动变被动时，宾补成主补，作补语的不定式前需用to。如:Hewasmadetoworkalldaylong(bytheboss).9.短语动词变被动语态时，勿丢掉后面的介词。如：Thechildrenweretakengoodcareof(byher).Yourpronunciationandspellingshouldbepaidattentionto.10.情态动词和begoingto,beto,besureto,usedto,haveto,hadbetter等结构变被动语态时,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be+过去分词。11.表被动意义的介词短语underexamination在审查中,underdiscussion在讨论中,underrepair维修中,beyondbelief难以置信,beyondone’scontrol失控,beyondone’sreach鞭长莫及/够不着,forsale出售,forrent出租,inprint印刷中,insight看得见,inuse在使用中,outofcontrol控制不了,outoffashion不流行,onsale销售中,onshow在展出中,inthechargeof受制于,undertheleadershipof在……的领导下等。12.“with+宾语+不定式”结构中，不定式用主动式表被动。Withnothingtodo,Ifeelbored.三、非谓语动词1.非谓语动词的各种形式：一般式完成式进行式不定式主动to

doto

havedoneto

bedoing被动to

bedoneto

havebeendoneto

havebeendoinging形式主动doinghaving

done被动being

donehaving

beendone过去分词被动done2.非谓语动词的否定形式:

在非谓语动词前加not,never.即not/nevertodo,not/neverdoing3.非谓语动词的复合结构不定式的复合结构：for/ofsb.todosth.动名词复合结构：代词宾格或名词所有格+doing(ing形式作主语时,用代词主格或名词所有格＋doing)分词独立结构：代词主格或名词+doing/done(句中作状语表时间、原因、伴随、让步、方式等)4.非谓语动词的做题步骤(1)判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词;(2)找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语;(3)判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系;(4)判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前且表被动关系常用done;之后且表主动关系常用todo;同时且表主动关系常用doing.5.不定式符号to的保留问题有时为了避免重复，可以用to来代替前面的不定式，这种情况出现在下列动词之后：expect,hope,wish,mean,prefer,care,forget,want,try；或出现在beglad/happy,wouldlike/love等的后面。如果在省略的不定式结构中含有：be,have,havebeen这些词要保留。6.在therebe结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式；如果说话人强调的事情本身必须被完成，则用被动形式。如：Thereisalotofworktodo.(Someonehastodothework.)Thereisalotofworktobedone.(Theworkhastobedone.)注意:下面两个句子的含义的不同Thereisnothingtodo.(无事可做，感到十分乏味。)Thereisnothingtobedone.(某东西坏了，无法使之恢复正常。)7.动名词作主语动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语，但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。Itis/wasnouse/good+doingsth.Itis/wasnotanyuse/good+doingsth.Itis/wasoflittleuse/good+doingsth.如：Itis/wasuseless如：Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水难收。注意:若主语和表语都是非谓语动词，应保持形式上的一致如：Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。8.分词作状语

分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致,可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。如：Hearingthenews,theygotexcited.(时间)

Becarefulwhile/whencrossingthestreet.(时间)Havingbeenbittenbyasnake,shewasfrightenedatit.(原因)Givenachance,Icansurprisetheworld.(条件)Thecupdroppedtotheground,breakingintopieces.(结果)Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.(让步)Theteachercameintothelab,followedbysomestudents.(伴随状况)

9.独立成分有些分词短语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分。常见的有,Generallyspeaking…一般说来;Franklyspeaking…坦白地说;Judgingfrom…根据……来判断;Considering…考虑到……;Totellyouthetruth…说实话;10.不定式作表语在seem/appear(似乎,好像),prove/turnout(被证明是),remain(仍然是,尚待)等连系动词后,可用不定式作表语。如：Heseemed(tobe)veryhappy.11.动词不定式在介词but,otherthan后面时,如果介词之前有行为动词do的某种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,否则就要带to。另外在can’tchoosebut,can’thelpbut,can’tbut后面的不定式也要省略to。如:Wecoulddonothingbut/otherthanwait.

Wehavenochoicebuttowait.

Ican’tchoosebutlaugh.四、形容词1.不规则形容词与副词：far,late,old,bad,ill,many,much,good,well,little2.只修饰可数名词的有：few,afew,many,agreat/goodmany,alargenumberof…3.只修饰不可数名词的有：little,alittle,much,alargeamountof,agreat/gooddealof…4.可数不可数都可修饰的有：alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof,largequantitiesof5.beveryimportant=beofgreatimportance6.只作表语的形容词：abroad国外的,afraid害怕的,ahead向前的,alike相似的,alive在世的,asleep睡着的,awake醒着的,fond喜欢的7.习惯后置的形容词:

enough充足的,included包括的,present出席的,left剩下的,involved有关的,abroad国外的,afraid害怕的,ahead向前的,alike相似的,alive在世的,asleep睡着的,awake醒着的,deep深的,long长的,high高的,thick厚的,old老的,thin薄的,wide宽的,narrow窄的,junior年少的,senior年长的8.形似副词的形容词friendly,manly,womanly,brotherly,sisterly,wifely,radely,husbandly,timely,hourly,daily,weekly,yearly,monthly,quarterly,early,silly,ugly,lovely,likely,lively,lonely,sickly,homely,worldly五、副词1.有无ly意思不同的副词wide宽的,widely广泛地;

deep深的,deeply深刻地;

high高的,highly高度地;

direct直接地,directly立刻;close亲近的,closely紧密地;

near附近,nearly几乎;

hard难,hardly几乎不;

most大多数,mostly主要地;dear可爱,dearly非常;

late迟,lately最近;

bad坏,badly非常;

low低的,lowly卑贱地;fine很好地,finely细微地;

easy小心,easily容易地;sharp恰好,sharply急剧地;

pretty相当,prettily漂亮地2.形容词变副词时的拼写变化particularparticularly特别的,beautifulbeautifully美丽的,possiblepossibly可能的,truetruly真实的,fullfully满的,scientificscientifically科学的,easyeasily容易的,goodwell好的3.无比较等级的形容词或副词alive,asleep,aloud,awake,foreign,main,final,junior,plete,double,square,correct,enough,fearless,alone,total,empty,right,wrong,impossible,favourite,excellent,last,perfect,whole,superior(优越),inferior(较劣的),unique(唯一的),wooden(木制的),senior(高级的)六、代词1.不定代词:all,any,none,both,either,neither;other,another;some,any;little,few;something,anything,nothing,somebody,one,anybody/one,nobody,noone等2.替代词:it,one,ones,that,those3.习惯接oneself的动词:

abandon放弃,absent...from缺席,amuse娱乐,apply应用,carry携带,mit提交,concern关注,conduct表现,content使满足,devote奉献,dress穿衣,enjoy享受,excuse借口,feel感觉,forget忘记,help帮助,hurt伤害,lose…in使沉溺于,prideupon以自豪,shave刮胡子,suggest建议,value...on重视…4.相互代词：eachother,oneanother5.指示代词：this,that,these,those,such,same6.复合不定代词被形容词所修饰时，形容词须放在它们的后面。如：nothingwrong没有毛病7.whatever,whoever,whichever等词可引导名词性从句,也可引导表示让步的状语从句。8.this和that有时作状语用，表示"程度"，意谓"这么"和"那么"。如：thisthick这么厚,thatmuch那么多9.少数前有冠词的代词。theother,theothers,afew,alittle10.常用于“疑问词+不定式”结构的动词advise建议,answer回答,ask问,beg乞求,consider考虑,convince说服,decide决定,discover发现,doubt怀疑,explain解释,find找到,forget忘记,guess猜,hear听到,imagine想,know知道,learn学习,persuade说服,pray祈祷,promise承诺,remember记得,remind提醒,see看到,show显示,suggest建议,teach教,tell告诉,think认为,unders