2023年高考卷英语长难句分析课件高三英语一轮复习

高考英语

长难句分析选自2023高考真题阅读01/02/写作句式拓展练习长难句分析

练习

CONTENTRevision——三长两短一平行的标记原则主干三长两短一平行主谓SV介词短语非谓语短语从句形容词副词并列结构主谓宾SVO主谓宾宾SVOO主谓宾补SVOC主系表SLPCompulsory(括号原则)不做标记△下划线※同位语、插入语、强调句、省略句、倒装句的嵌套Revision——“一括二划三会意”三步法①去繁存简抓主干无论句子多长,结构多么复杂,句子都是由一些基本成分组成的。因此突破长难句的关键在于先找到句子的主干,再分析其他成分②借助连词/引导词划意群运用语法知识,借助连词/引导词的提示,将长句分解成若干意群,以降低理解难度③调整语序明句意理解句意时,应注意英、汉两种语言的差异,合理调整语序。Revision——攻克三个“拦路虎”①

非简单句并列句：句子+并列连词(and,but,or,while,so,notonly...butalso...,either...or...等)十句子主从复合句：主从复合句中的三大从句为:定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句。②非谓语动词(短语)非谓语动词(短语)在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语和状语，主要形式为：todo，doing，done。③非正常语序非正常语序的句子主要指倒装句和强调句。高考长难句分析11.Apersonisthoughttodevelopahabitinthecourseofpursuinggoalsbybeginningtoassociatecertaincues(刺激)withbehaviouralresponsesthathelpmeetthegoal.(2023年北京卷阅读表达)本句为主从复合句。主干：Apersonisthoughttodevelopahabit。其修饰成分为：①

in

thecourseofpursuinggoals②

bybeginningtoassociatecertaincueswithbehaviouralresponses③

thathelpmeetthegoal翻译：人们认为，一个人在追求目标的过程中，会将某些特定的刺激与有助于实现目标的行为反应联系起来，从而养成一种习惯。2.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.（2023年新高考I卷阅读理解D篇）本句含有多个从句。主句：Thekeyfindingofthestudywas...。①that引导的表语从句，that在句子中不作成分，无含义，该从句的主干是theaveragesweremoreaccurate。②

when引导的时间状语从句。③that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词smallergroups。翻译：该研究最重要的发现是，当人群被进一步分成更小的组，允许彼此进行讨论时，这些小组的平均结果比同等数量独立个体的平均结果更加准确。3.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.（2023年新高考I卷阅读理解C篇）本句是主从复合句。主句：Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism。①

starting作非谓语动词，引导状语，相当于whichstartwith...；其中，that引导的是定语从句，修饰theforces。②

moving作非谓语动词，引导状语，且与①形成先后顺序的逻辑关系。③

注意在英译汉中，定语从句和“名介名”的短语需要从后往前翻。翻译：在第一部分里，我描述了数字极简主义的哲学基础，首先分析了让许多人的数字生活越来越难以忍受的因素，然后详细探讨了什么是数字极简主义哲学。4.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.（2023年全国乙卷阅读理解D篇）本句是主从复合句。主句：TheCT,AA,AP,Icanspeaktous。①

allofwhom引导的是定语从句。②

speak(tosb.)ofsth.意为“谈论，提及...”。③

throughtheobjectstheymade作方式状语，theymade是定语从句，省略了关联词that。④ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice中toldthroughthings作定语，修饰history。翻译：加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的原住民、非洲的贝宁人和印加人，所有这些出现在本书中的人们，都可以通过他们制造的物品最有力地向我们讲述他们过往的成就：通过物品讲述的历史让他们重新得到了发声的机会。5.Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.（2023年新高考I卷阅读理解C篇）本句是主从复合句。主句：Thegoalistomake...andthentoteach...。①

makethecaseforsth意为“说明某物的情况”。②

including引导的状语用来补充具体内容，后面只能加名词(性短语)。③

why&who&how引导的是宾语从句；work作为动词时意为“起作用，生效”。④

if引导的是条件状语从句。⑤it’srightforyou是decide的宾语从句，省略了关联词that。翻译：本书的目的是说明数字极简主义的理由，包括详细探讨它有何要求，以及为什么有效，然后教你如何应用这种哲学，如果你确定适合自己。6.EventhoughBritainhasareputationforless-than-impressivecuisine,itisproducingmoretopclasschefswhoappearfrequentlyonourtelevisionscreensandwhoserecipebooksfrequentlytopthebestsellerlists.（2023年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇）本句是主从复合句。本句虽然较长，但是结构简单，只需找准结构既可快速拆分句子，理解整体大意。主句：itisproducingmoretopclasschefs。①

eventhough引导的是条件状语从句。②

who&whose作为并列的定语从句，修饰先行词chefs。③

top在本句中作谓语动词，意为“登上顶峰，名列前茅”。翻译：尽管英国的菜肴有个不怎么样的名声，但是越来越多的顶级厨师来自英国，他们经常出现在电视屏幕上，他们的食谱经常在畅销书列表上名列前茅。8.Still,lookingbackonthephotos,theyaresomeofmybestshotsthoughtheycouldhavebeensomuchbetterifIwouldhavebeenpreparedandmanagedmytimewisely.（2023年全国乙卷阅读理解B篇）本句是主从复合句。主句：theyaresomeofmybestshots。①

lookingback引导的是现在分词作状语，意为“回顾”。②

thought引导的是让步状语从句。③if引导的是条件状语从句；wouldhavedone为虚拟语气，表示“本应该，本能够”，指代与现在事实相反。翻译：不过，回顾这些照片，它们是我拍得最好的照片，虽然如果我能做好准备并且合理管理时间，它们可能会好得多。【真题再现】HowdoestheauthorfindhisphotostakenatDevil’sLake?A.Amusing.

B.Satisfying.

C.Encouraging.

D.Comforting.10.Ratherthansettingplansinstone,I’velearnedthatsometimesIneedtotaketheopportunitiesthatareoffered,eveniftheydon’tsoundperfectatthetime,andmakethemostofthem.（2023年北京卷阅读理解B篇）本句是主从复合句。主句：I’velearnedthatIneedtotaketheopportunitiesandmakethemostofthem。①

ratherthan作状语，是直接被转折短语否定掉的信息，侧重的内容在后面；set...instone意为“板上钉钉”。②

learned后的that引导宾语从句；而opportunities后的that引导定语从句。③

evenif引导的是让步状语从句；and连接的是并列句。翻译：我明白了有时需要去抓住出现的机会，并且充分利用它们，而不是一成不变地按照计划做，即使这些机会当时听起来并不完美。写作长难句拓展201追加成分注意：“1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯”。※目的：扩展句子，充实文章※方法：在要点句基础上适当增加合乎逻辑的附加成分，如定语(从句)、状语(从句)(如目的、条件、原因、结果、方式等)、非谓语结构、独立主格结构、举例等，使表达更丰满，内容更充实，主题更突出。※特点：结构多变，句式多样1.(提醒演讲参赛选手)要守时、讲卫生、守纪律。Pleasearriveontime,keepquietanddon'tlitteraround.→Pleasearrivethereontime,

for

whoever

is

late

won'tbeallowed

to

enter(因为迟到的人不让进).It'sbad

manners

to

litter

around.

Andalwayskeepquiet

while

waiting

for

your

turn

(在等待轮到你的时候).2.(演讲注意事项)要面带微笑；要讲慢些，讲清楚。Besuretowearasmileonyourface.Besides,remembertospeakslowlyandclearly.→Besuretowearasmileonyourface

when

you

speak(当你说话的时候),

whichwillmakeyourelaxed(这能使你放松).Besides,remembertospeakslowlyandclearlysothatyoucanleaveagoodimpressiononthe

audience

and

judges(这样子你可以给观众和裁判留下好印象).Asweallknow,thereisaChineseclassicalmusicconcertthatwillbeheldinthemusichallofourschoolonNovember8th.Accordingtotheconcertposter,manymusicmasterpieceswillbeplayedbyafamousband.2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)(介绍语言能力)克服语言障碍。TheEnglishshortfilmismainlyrelatedtothedevelopmentofourschool,whichwillgreatlyhelpusstudents

knowtheschool's

historybetterandappealtoustomakecontributionstoourschool'sdevelopment.5．(2018·北京高考书面表达)(咨询来北京上大学)建议你上北京大学，中国文学专业适合你。02补加语句补加语句是常见的“增加细节”的方法，这可以使文章显得错落有致，这样不仅使文章在形式上增加美感，而且使文章读起来铿锵有力，从而使作文在内容上更加连贯、丰满。※目的：充实文章，增强连贯性※方法：根据行文走向，适当增加一些与主题相关的语句，或由要点衍生的句子，既起到前引后联的作用，又能补充一些相关信息，帮助阅卷者理解所写内容。同时，还能协调句式，避免句式单调的问题※特色：协调句式，结构多样技法1列举具体的实例进行补充说明①我喜欢读书。Ilikereadingbooks,+suchasnovels,shortstories,magazinesandnewspapers.②我要花一些时间和父母在一起。I'llspendsometimestayingwithmyparents.+chattingwiththemanddoingsomehousework.③我想找一个像我一样喜欢旅行的笔友。I'dliketoseekapenpalwhoisinterestedintravelingjustlikeme.+Ifpossible,wecantraveltogetherorshareourunforgettabletravelingexperiences.技法2增添与所写信息相关的神态、动作、心理描写以及背景渲染等内容①我有时去村西的小河游泳。Igoswimmingintheriverofthewestofthevillagenowandthen.+Thewaterintheriverisveryclear.(背景渲染)+Weatherpermitting,Igoswimmingintheriverofthewestofthevillagenowandthen.(相关条件)②旅行了一周后，他回到了家。Afteraweek'strip,hereturnedhome.+tiredbutveryhappy.(心理描写)技法3增加相关信息的时间、地点等内容①我要和父母一起去超市购物。I'mgoingtodosomeshoppingwithmyparentsinthesupermarket.+andwon'tbebackuntilabout5:00intheafternoon.(增加时间)②我已经带来了你让我归还的这两本书。Ihavetakenwithmethetwobooksyouaskedmetoreturn.+totheCityLibrary.(增加地点)③(谈论善款用途)募捐得来的钱将送给最急需的人。Themoneycollectedinthecharitysalewillbesenttothoseingreatneed.+Thiswillnotonlyhelpthemgetthroughdifficulties,butalsogivethemwarmthandhappiness.(增加意义)1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)(介绍音乐节的情况)As

scheduled,

the

festival

will

start

at

9:00

August

15th.

(1)

It

will

last

two

and

a

half

hours.

(持续时长)(2)

Additionally,

we

will

be

fully

absorbed

in

the

attractive

and

fascinating

performances.

(活动内容)(3)

And

at

the

same

time

we

will

sit

on

the

grass

and

enjoy

the

tasty

food

and

drinks

provided

by

sponsors.

(其它活动)(4)

Furthermore,

we

also

expect

to

see

you

on

the

stage

then.

(表达期待)2．(说明自己所擅长的两项技艺)As

a

Chinese,

I'm

good

at

many

skills

related

to

our

traditional

culture.

But

among

them,

Tai

chi

is

my

favorite

because

it

does

much

good

to

my

health.(1)

I'm

sure

American

friends

will

be

also

crazy

about

it

after

they

touch

it.

(这项技能对竞选这一职位的好处)And

as

you

know,

Chinese

cooking

is

popular

all

over

the

world.

(2)

It

happens

that

I'm

expert

at

it,

and

I'm

glad

to

present

some

traditional

Chinese

dishes

to

everybody.(这项技能对竞选这一职位的好处)3．(2018·天津高考书面表达)

邀请他的原因(1)We

are

desperately

in

need

of

your

help.

(邀请的原因)So

as

the

group

leader,

I

sincerely

invite

you

to

join

us.

(2)I

am

convinced

that

with

our

joint

efforts

we

can

undoubtedly

get

good

results.

(我坚信我们共同的努力会得到好的结果)(3)

What's

more,

I

will

e-mail

you

our

training

plan

soon,

hoping

you

can

offer

some

constructive

suggestions

regarding

it.

(我邮件发你我们的培训计划，希望你可以提供一些建设性的建议)5．(互联网的好处)The

Internet

is

playing

a

more

and

more

important

part

in

our

daily

life.

We

can

not

only

read

news

from

home

and

abroad,

but

also

get

information,

send

emails

and

attend

online

schools.(不仅可以...而且可以...)03增加过渡增加过渡是常见的“增加细节”的方法，过渡性词语和过渡性语句的使用是语言连贯性得以实现的最常用手段。在句与句之间、段与段之间恰当地使用一些承上启下的过渡(连接)性词语，句子可避免语句陡转直下，不联不搭，通过合理过渡，实现语句的衔接顺畅。这就需要考生在日常学习中积累背诵常用的过渡词。例如：表示列举的firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally；表示自己看法的asfarasI'mconcerned,frommypointofview,inmyopinion；表示转折的onthecontrary,however,everycoinhastwosides等。※目的：增加凝聚力，突出连贯性※方法：根据行文或段落需要，在句与句或段与段之间适当增加过渡性词语，或者过渡句，以使文章浑然一体，提高说服力※特色：行文连贯，条理清晰1．(话题：家长用车接送学生引起校门口拥堵) Our

traffic

department

should

strengthen

management

to

make

the

parents

obey

traffic

rules.

Our

school

should

appeal

to

us

students

to

walk

or

ride

a

bike

to

and

from

school,

which

is

not

only

friendly

to

our

traffic

environment

but

also

is

good

for

students'

health.2．(去美国学习英语询问具体问题)I'mconcernedwithhowfaritisfromthehostfamilytomyschool.I'mwonderingwhethera

privatebedroomwillbeofferedtome.ItendtoknowifthereareanyspecialcustomsthatIshouldpayattentionto.Wouldyoupleasegivemesomemoresuggestionsonhowtogetalongwellwiththehostfamily?I'msureyouradvicewillbenefitmealot.2．(去美国学习英语询问具体问题)I'mconcernedwithhowfaritisfromthehostfamilytomyschool.I'mwonderingwhethera

privatebedroomwillbeofferedtome.ItendtoknowifthereareanyspecialcustomsthatIshouldpayattentionto.Wouldyoupleasegivemesomemoresuggestionsonhowtogetalongwellwiththehostfamily?I'msureyouradvicewillbenefitmealot.1.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)First

of

all/To

begin

with

(首先),

I'm

a

big

fan

of

traditional

Chinese

paintings.

Therefore

(因此),I

am

capable

of

offering

visitors

detailed

explanations

on

the

stories

of

famous

Chinese

painters.2.(2018·浙江高考写作)We

lost

our

way

in

the

forest

and

to

make

matters

worse/worse

still

(更糟的是),

it

got

dark.3.(2018·北京高考书面表达)In

my

opinion/view

(依我看),

studying

for

a

degree

in

a

different

culture

is

never

easy.4.On

the

one

hand

(一方面),

they

can

sweep

the

tombs

for

the

dead.

On

the

other

hand

(另一方面),

they

can

go

for

a

walk

in

the

country

in

spring

when

the

grass

has

just

turned

green.5.In

a

word/In

conclusion/In

short/In

brief

(总之),

success

is

important,

and

so

is

failure,

because

it's

the

mother

of

success.04详加描述详加描述是常见的“增加细节”的方法，这可以使文章词数达标、内容充实、结构连贯、语意顺畅。※目的：有详有略，主次分明※方法：根据提示要求，首先确定主要点和次要点，然后在主要点上着笔泼墨。除了前面提到的采用“追加成分”以扩展句子的方式外，还可把一些主要点分开详述，从而提升这些要点的分量※特色：详略得当，重点突出Dear

James, I'm

very

excited

and

inspired

by

the

news

that

your

first

novel

has

been

published.

I'd

like

to

offer

my

sincere

congratulations

to

you

on

your

great

success. Actually,

I

have

witnessed

your

progre