专题13概要写作考点揭秘（上）2024年高考英语二轮复习高频考点追踪与预测

专题13概要写作考点揭秘（上）01专题网络·思维脑图02考情分析·解密高考03高频考点·以考定法04核心素养·微专题05创新好题·分层练命题特点考察体裁写作技巧注意根据题目要求，考生需要在阅读300字左右的文章的基础上写一篇不多于60词的梗概。概要必须涵盖文章所有主要信息，但又不能添加任何无关信息，也不需要对文章内容作出评价。不超过60个字。记叙文找出时间(when),地点(where),什么人(who),做了什么事(what),为什么做(why),结果怎么样(how)六要素。其中,最重要的要点是某人(who)做了何事(what)。若是夹叙夹议的文章,还要加上作者的看法、观点、经验或感悟。结构：故事的写作目的/主题（1句）+故事大意，突出冲突以及故事背后的深意（23句）1、找关键词和主题句，归纳段落大意。2、各要点的表达要相对独立。3、多使用概括性词语，少用具体描述性词语。4、句型力求简单。可用同义转换或句子重构5、要点之间要有适当的衔接，而且使用较短的连接词。6、不要照抄原文，尽量用自己的话概括，连续5个词以上照抄要扣1分。说明文抓住关键句：文章第一段和各段第一句。说明文一般有三种：描写某事物的性质功能；针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施；介绍某现象及其原因、结果。结构：说明的对象/观点/现象（1句）+解释/分述（23句）议论文找出议论文的三要素，即论点、论据和结论。其关键是找出主题句或结论句。而这种文章的整体结构多数为总分结构、分总结构、平行结构等。结构：文章论点（1句）+文章论据（23句）各种文体的写作技巧1、记叙文(Narration)：找出时间(when),地点(where),什么人(who),做了什么事(what),为什么做(why),结果怎么样(how)六要素。其中,最重要的要点是某人(who)做了何事(what)。若是夹叙夹议的文章,还要加上作者的看法、观点、经验或感悟。

1）叙事性的记叙文(Narration)。

叙事性的记叙文的主要内容的概括主要抓住记叙文的几个要素：时间、地点、人物、事件和影响或后果。

2）写人的记叙文（Description）。

写人的记叙文总结要点主要抓住人物的主要特点或事迹，划出关键词（所谓关键词是文中反复出现的体现主题或关联的词）。2、议论文（Argumentation）。

找出议论文的三要素，即论点、论据和结论。其关键是找出主题句或结论句。而这种文章的整体结构多数为总分结构、分总结构、平行结构等。因此，我们通常在首段或尾段，或者在各段的首句或尾句找论点。若文中有一分为二(即对立观点)的观点，两种观点都要概括，不要漏掉其中一方的观点。

3、说明文（Exposition）

抓住关键句：文章第一段和各段第一句。说明文一般有三种：描写某事物的性质功能；针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施；介绍某现象及其原因、结果。备考建议：平时的练习过程中，需严格按照以下三个步骤进行。1.阅读原文，划出主题句和关键词。

①快速阅读全文，标记段落，划出每段主题句。

②主题句一般位于句首或句尾，关键词出现频率较高。2.草稿环节中提取主题句和关键词。

①对主题句进行修改，采用适当连词将主题句、关键词和所要写的内容进行串联，形成一篇完整Summary。

②注意表达，切忌出现“Chinglish”。

③Summary必须清晰全面表明原文所表达信息，切不可乱入个人观点或评论。3．定稿时务必仔细检查。

①检查有无单词拼写类等基本错误。

②注意卷面整洁，切忌乱涂乱画。高考概要写作四步精准“提炼”第一步读懂原文，明确篇章结构写概要之前，一定要先通读原文，确定文章的体裁和主题。根据意义划分文中的自然段，意义段的数量对应的就是要点的数量。一个自然段不一定是一个要点，有时几个自然段说明一个要点，有时一个自然段包含数个要点。议论文的概要写作(Asummaryofanargumentation) Argument1/supportingdetail1Argument2/supportingdetail2Conclusion说明文的概要写作(Asummaryofaphenomenon/anexposition) Thetopic—whatThereason—whyTheeffects—howThesolution/conclusion第二步去次留精，提炼关键信息(1)明确全文的篇章结构后，就要处理原文的内容，目的是保留主要内容，删除次要内容。(2)先找出主题句，同时标注与主题相关的关键词，最后归纳的要点往往是这些词句的同义转述。(3)原文描述性的语言、细节性的信息，如列举数字和列举的事例等，无须在概要中一一列出。例如：Don'tforgettheclock—ortheradio.Peoplewhoeatslowlytendtoconsumeabout70fewercalories(卡路里)permealthanthosewhorushthroughtheirmeals.Beginkeepingtrackofthetime，andtrytomakedinnerlastatleast30minutes.Andwhileyou'reatit，actuallysitdowntoeat.Ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdown，turnrelaxingmusic.Itmakesyoulesslikelytorushthroughameal.(加黑部分为与主题相关的部分)本段落主要内容为通过吃饭慢减少对热量的摄入，因此要将用餐时间延长至至少三十分钟。用自己的语言将画线部分重组后，关键信息如下：Recordthetimeandsetdinnertimeforhalfanhouraseatingslowlyhelpstakeinlesscalories.第三步归纳要点，合理转换表达明确每个意义段的关键信息后，接下来应用自己的语言准确地表达各意义段的要点。为避免和原文的句子重复，可利用同义转述和句式转换这两种方式归纳要点。各要点的词数应根据文中对应内容的篇幅来定，分清主次。转换表达注意遵循两个原则：(1)不增不减不曲：客观精准地表述原文要点，不增添不属于原材料的信息或删减原材料关键信息或改变原材料所表达的意思。(2)不繁：在正确理解原文的前提下，用简洁的语言表达与所给材料一致的信息。第四步句式多样，注意过渡衔接在概要中合理使用非谓语、从句和特殊句式等使句式丰富多样，但句子结构不可过长，也不要用太复杂的句子结构。同时选用适当的过渡衔接词连接上下文，保证概要部分内容的连贯性。[典例]阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Beesareverystrangecreatures.Theyhavetheirownwayoftellingeachotherthattheyhavefoundanewflower.Theybringsomeofitsnectar(花蜜)backhomeandthendoalittledancethatshowswheretheflowerisandhowfarawayitis.Inautumntheworkerbeesgooutandcollectasmuchnectarandpollen(花粉)astheycancarry.Thentheyreturntomakehoneyandstoreitforthelongcoldwinter.Beesbuildtheirownhousesbuttheydonotalwayshaveroundtopslikepeopledrawtheminstorybooks.Theyareusuallyfivestoreyshigh.Thequeenbeealwayshasthebottomstorey.Inbetweenthebottomstoreyandalltheresttherearebarsonlyjustwideenoughfortheworkerstopassthrough.Thequeenbeecannevergouptotheotherfloorsbecausesheisbiggerthanalltheotherbees.Thestoreysthequeencan'tenterarewherethestoreroomsare.Thereareroomsforpollen，nectarandroyaljellies(蜂王浆)．Ifthereisafiretheworkershavetocoverthewallsandentranceoftherooms.Theyhavetomovethehoneyandthenectarandpollenawayfromthehotwallsoftheroom.Thequeenistheonlythatcanlayeggs.Shemateswithamalebeecalledadrone(雄蜂)．Oncethequeenhaslaidtheeggsshethrowsthedroneoutbecauseadronejustsitsaroundeatinghoneyandnectar.Hecannotgooutandcollectpollenbecausedronesdonothavepollen­carryingthingsontheirlegsliketheworkershave.Youngbeesarecallednursesbecausetheyhavetonursethenewbornbeeswhethertheylikeitornot.Whatabeeendsupbeingwhenitgrowsupdependsonwhatiteats.Ifitistobeaqueenitmustfeedonroyaljelliesanditmustnever，everseteyesonanotherqueen.Ifitdoestheymustfighttillonlyoneofthemisstillalive.[四步解题示范]第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构本文的篇章结构为“总—分”式。第1段内容为主题段，引入主题，对蜜蜂进行总括介绍；第2段介绍工蜂的职能；第3段介绍蜂王的住所；第4段介绍雄蜂；第5段介绍幼蜂的职责及命运。第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息段落 关键词 1.Topic：bees ①strange，nectar，flower2.workerbees：collectnectarandpollen ②nectar，pollen，honey，storequeenbee：queenbee'slivingspace ③bottom__storey，store__roomsdrones：dutyanddestiny ④mate，sit__aroundyoungbees：responsibilitiesandfuture ⑤nurses，grow__up，queen第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达段落要点内容合并利用词语替换法将strange改为unusual，creatures改为animals，第二、三句说的是一种特殊交流方式。第一段可概括为：Beesareunusualanimalsandhaveauniquewaytomunicatewithoneanother.第二段主要说明工蜂努力工作以采集储存花粉与花蜜，这两项可以归类成“食物”。这段可概括为：Workerbeesworktirelesslytostorefood.利用词语替换法将第三句中的has改为短语takesup，这一段可概括为：Unlikeworkerbees，therelaxingqueenbeetakesupthebottomstoreyofthefive­storeyhouse.4.蜂王与雄蜂交配后会将其逐出蜂房，可以抽象表达为蜂王利用完雄蜂后将其抛弃。这一段可概括为：Sheevendesertsthedroneaftershefinishesusinghim.5.利用词语替换法将nurse改为短语carefor，这一段可概括为：Sameasworkerbees，youngbeesneedtoworktocarefornewbornbees，buttheycanonlyleavetheirfuturestowhattheyeat.第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接本文作者介绍了蜂群中不同类型蜜蜂的特点，工蜂工作勤奋努力，蜂王靠着其权威过着轻松的生活，两者形成对比，所以用Unlike连接两个句子。第四段依然由蜂王引出雄蜂，所以用代词She代替queenbee。最后一段中幼蜂需要与工蜂一样努力工作，所以加Sameasworkerbees将二者联系起来。【参考范文】Beesareunusualanimalsandhaveauniquewaytomunicatewithoneanother.(要点1)Workerbeesworktirelesslytostorefood.(要点2)Unlikeworkerbees，therelaxingqueenbeetakesupthebottomstoreyofthefive­storeyhouse.(要点3)Sheevendesertsthedroneaftershefinishesusinghim.(要点4)Sameasworkerbees，youngbeesneedtoworktocarefornewbornbees，buttheyonlyleavetheirfuturestowhattheyeat.(要点5)1.【上海市育才中学20232024学年高三上学期10月第一次阶段检测英语试卷】Itisamonsightoncampusorinthestreets:ayoungpersonridesbyonanelectricscooter,travelingquicklyandproudly.ButBeijing’strafficauthoritieshavesaidthatstartingonSept.5,peoplewhoarecaughtridingelectricscootersonpublicroadsorbicyclelaneswillbefined10yuan.Theywillalsobegivenawarningnottousethevehiclesonpublicroadsagain.TheannouncementwasmadeaftertrafficpoliceinShanghaistartedacampaigntogetelectricscootersoffpublicroads,withpoliceofficersstoppingridersbecausethescooterscouldcausetrafficproblems.TheBeijingConsumerAssociationsaidithadtestedmorethan20electricscootersofdifferentbrandsrecentlyandfoundthatmosthadsubstandardbrakes.Itaddedthat16ofthetestedscooterscouldgofasterthanthemaximum20kmperhoursetforelectricbikes.Accordingtothetrafficpolice,peoplewhorideelectricscootersatcertainspeedscaneasilybumpintothevehiclesinthevehiclelaneandhurtpeoplewhowalkinthebicyclelanes.Butseeingthebenefitsthatelectricscootershavebroughttoyoungpeople,expertsareworriedthatthebanmaytakeeffectslowly.Electricscootersareagreatanswertothe‘lastmileproblem’ofgettingfromapublictransportstationtoone’shome.They’relightenoughtothrowoveryourshoulder.They’reeasytoridejustaboutanywhereanddon’tneedalotofphysicaleffort.Thescootercantravel25kmononecharge.It’sconvenientandeasytocontrol.Theyarealsogoodforenvironment.Unlikecarsandbuses,electricscootersproducenocarbondioxide,neednofuelandmakealmostnonoise.Formanyyoungpeople,theyusethemtocopycoolcelebritiestheyhaveseeninvideos.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】PeopleridinganelectricscooteronpublicroadswillbefinedfromSept.5th.Becauseofthesubstandardbrakesandfastspeed,electricscootersareconsideredpotentiallydangerousforridersandwalkingpeople.Consideringitsadvantageofbeingconvenient,portableenvironmentfriendlyandfashionable,expertspredictedthebanwouldtakeeffectslowly.【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。根据刚制定的规则电动车因为安全问题不能在北京的道路上行驶，但由于在某些方面电动车有一定优势，所以可能不会那么快从道路上消失。【详解】本篇要求考生写一篇总结，通过阅读文章我们可以从三个方面进行总结：1.根据法规电动车自9月5日起不能在北京道路上行驶；2.禁止电动车上路行驶的主要原因：刹车不达标，超速，威胁司机和行人；3.由于电动车有一定优势，可能短时间内不会立即从路上消失。综上，故本文可总结为：PeopleridinganelectricscooteronpublicroadswillbefinedfromSept.5th.Becauseofthesubstandardbrakesandfastspeed,electricscootersareconsideredpotentiallydangerousforridersandwalkingpeople.Consideringitsadvantageofbeingconvenient,portableenvironmentfriendlyandfashionable,expertspredictedthebanwouldtakeeffectslowly.【上海市位育中学20232024学年高三上学期期中测评英语试卷】MindfulnessMindfulnesstypicallyreferstoastateofinthemomentawarenessinwhichoneavoidsjudgingthethoughtsandemotionsofhimselfandothers.Itisoftenpracticedinmeditation（冥想）andsomeformsoftherapy.Numerousfindingsfrompsychologicalresearchsuggestpracticingmindfulnesscanleadtomanybenefits,includingstressreductionandincreasedpsychologicalwellbeing.Forexample,inastudyofcancerpatients,cultivatingmindfulnessthroughmeditationorothermindfulnessbasedtrainingenabledpeopletobemoreselectiveabouttheiremotionalexperiences,enablingthemtoreducetheirstressandanxietywhileincreasingpositiveemotions.Similarly,studiesshowthatmindfulnesscanalsoenhanceinformationprocessingspeedwhilereducingeffortandnegativethoughtsandthemeditatorssignificantlyoutperformedthenonmeditatorsonallmeasuresofattention,suggestionthatmindfulnessimprovesone'sabilitytofocus.Itisapparentthatmindfulnesshasmanynoteworthybenefits,whichincludeeverything,frompsychologicaltophysicalimprovements.However,researchhasalsoshownthatinsomecasesmindfulnesscanalsoleadtonegativeoutes.Forexample,onestudyfoundthatfollowingmindfulnessmeditation,participantsweremorelikelytoformtakememories,demonstratingapotentialunintendeddownsidetomindfulness.Inaddition,anotherstudysuggestedmindfulnessresearchersneededtobecarefulthattheydidn'tlearnparticipantsbybringingaboutunpleasantmental,physical,orspiritualreactionsthroughmindfulness.Forexample,mindfulnessmeditationmayresultinsevereanxietyforthosediagnosedwithPosttraumaticStressDisorder（PTSD）（创伤后应激障碍）.ThosewithPTSDtendtoavoidthoughtsandfeelingsrelatedtotheirtrauma.However,mindfulnessmeditationencouragesemotionalopenness,whichcouldleadindividualswithPTSDtoexperiencethestressorsthattheypreviouslyavoided,potentiallyleadingtoretraumatization.Itcan'tbedeniedthatmindfulnessisanimportanttoolinthemanagerialtoolbox,butitisnotacureall,anditmustbeappliedthoughtfullytobeeffective.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Mindfulnessmeansbeinginthepresentmindstatewithoutassessingoneselforothers.Manyfindingssuggestpracticingmindfulnesshasmanybenefits,includingstressreductionandincreasedattention.Despitethesebenefits,mindfulnesscaneatacostbecauseitmayformfalsememoriesandhurtparticipantsbymagnifyingnegativememories.Thereforeitshouldbeusedcarefully.（55词）【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了可以避免对自己和他人的想法和情绪进行评判的正念这一意识状态。正念可以减轻人们的压力、提高心理健康、减少消极思想，然而正念的练习也可能导致创伤后应激障碍患者更为严重的焦虑。【详解】1.要点摘录①Mindfulnesstypicallyreferstoastateofinthemomentawarenessinwhichoneavoidsjudgingthethoughtsandemotionsofhimselfandothers.②Numerousfindingsfrompsychologicalresearchsuggestpracticingmindfulnesscanleadtomanybenefits,includingstressreductionandincreasedpsychologicalwellbeing.③However,researchhasalsoshownthatinsomecasesmindfulnesscanalsoleadtonegativeoutes.④itmustbeappliedthoughtfullytobeeffective.2.缜密构思第1个要点总起介绍相关概念，第2、3个要点是并列关系，分别陈述了积极影响和消极影响，第4个要点对全文进行总结归纳。3.遣词造句①Mindfulnessmeansbeinginthepresentmindstatewithoutassessingoneselforothers.②Manyfindingssuggestpracticingmindfulnesshasmanybenefits③Despitethesebenefits,mindfulnesscaneatacostbecauseitmayformfalsememoriesandhurtparticipantsbymagnifyingnegativememories.④Thereforeitshouldbeusedcarefully.【点睛】[高分句型1]mindfulnesscaneatacostbecauseitmayformfalsememoriesandhurtparticipantsbymagnifyingnegativememories.（because引导原因状语从句）[高分句型2]Manyfindingssuggestpracticingmindfulnesshasmanybenefits（省略连接词that的宾语从句以及动名词作主语）【上海市同济大学第一附属中学20222023学年高三下学期5月月考】LearningtowriteeffectivelyI’vebeenwritingformostofmylife.ThebookWritingWithoutTeachersintroducedmetoonedistinctionandonepracticethathashelpedmywritingprocessestremendously.Thedistinctionisbetweenthecreativemindandthecriticalmind.Whileyouneedtoemploybothtogettoafinishedresult,theycannotworkinparallelnomatterhowmuchwemightliketothinkso.Tryingtocriticizewritingontheflyispossiblythesinglegreatestbarriertowritingthatmostofusencounter.Ifyouarelisteningtothat5thgradeEnglishteachercorrectyourgrammarwhileyouaretryingtocaptureafleeting(lastingonlyashorttime)thought,thethoughtwilldie.Ifyoucapturethefleetingthoughtandsimplyshareitwiththeworldinrawform,nooneislikelytounderstand.ThepracticethatcanhelpyoupastyourlearnedbadhabitsoftryingtoeditasyouwriteiswhatElbowcalls“freewriting.”Infreewriting,theobjectiveistogetwordsdownonpapernonstop,usuallyfor1520minutes.Nostopping,nogoingback,nocriticizing.Thegoalistogetthewordsflowing.Asthewordsbegintoflow,theideaswillefromtheshadowsandletthemselvesbecapturedonyournotepadoryourscreen.Nowyouhaverawmaterialsthatyoucanbegintoworkwithusingthecriticalmindthatyou’vepersuadedtositonthesideandwatchquietly.Mostlikely,youwillbelievethatthiswilltakemoretimethanyouactuallyhaveandyouwillendupstaringblanklyatthepagesasthedeadlinedrawsnear.Insteadofstaringatablankstartfillingitwithwordsnomatterhowbad.Halfwaythroughyouravailabletime,stopandreworkyourrawwritingintosomethingclosertofinishedproduct.Movebackandforthuntilyourunoutoftimeandthefinalresultwillmostlikelybefarbetterthanyourcurrentpractices.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Onepossibleversion:Howcanyoubeeaneffectivewriter?ThebookWritingWithoutTeachersadvisesthatyoushouldseparatecreativewritingfromcriticalwriting.Mixingthetwomeanseitherkillingbrilliantideasorpresentingsomethinginprehensible.Toacquiretheskill,takedownyourthoughtsfreelytocaptureideasandkeeprevisingyourwritinguntilitbeesagoodpiece.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如果你想要成为一名有效的作家，《没有老师的写作》一书建议你应该把创造性写作和批判性写作分开。为了获得这项技能，你可以通过自由地记下你的想法来捕捉想法，并不断修改你的写作，直到它成为一篇好文章。【详解】1.要点摘录

①ThebookWritingWithoutTeachersintroducedmetoonedistinctionandonepracticethathashelpedmywritingprocessestremendously.②Tryingtocriticizewritingontheflyispossiblythesinglegreatestbarriertowriting.③Thepracticethatcanhelpyoupastyourlearnedbadhabitsoftryingtoeditasyouwriteiscalled“freewriting.”④Whenyouhaverawmaterialsusingthecriticalmindandwatchquietly,youwillendupstaringblanklyatthepagesasthedeadlinedrawsnear.

⑤Halfwaythroughyouravailabletime,reworkyourrawwritingintosomethingclosertofinishedproduct.2.缜密构思将第2、3两个要点进行整合，将第4、5两个要点进行整合。3.遣词造句Itislikelythatyouwillbelievethiswilltakemoretimethanyouactuallyhaveandyouwillendupstaringblanklyatthepagesasthedeadlinedrawsnear.Throughthehalfavailabletime,youcanstopandreworkyourrawwritingintosomethingclosertofinishedproduct.Ifthefleetingthoughtcanbecapturedandsimplybesharedwiththeworldinrawform,nooneislikelytounderstand.【点睛】[高分句型1]：ThebookWritingWithoutTeachersintroducedmetoonedistinctionandonepracticethathashelpedmywritingprocessestremendously.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段内容进行了概括。其中that引导的定语从句表达高级。[高分句型2]：Ifyouarelisteningtothat5thgradeEnglishteachercorrectyourgrammarwhileyouaretryingtocaptureafleeting(lastingonlyashorttime)thought,thethoughtwilldie.运用if引导的条件状语从句和while引导的时间状语从句对第二段主题进行了举例说明。表达非常高级。【上海市浦东新区20232024学年高三上学期期中联考英语试题】ObstaclestothecorrectdecisionLifeisfullofchoices,someinconsequential,somereallysignificant.Butsometimesitcanbehardtomakethecorrectone.Whataretheobstaclesthatstandbetweenusandagoodoute?Someofusjustfindithardtodecide.AliceBoyes,writingforHarvardBusinessReview,tellsusthiscanbeconnectedtoperfectionism,wherepeopleattempttofindaperfectsolutiontoanyproblemandareunabletomoveforwardwhentheycan’tfindone.Itmightseemthatbeingindecisivewouldstopusmakingtherightdecision,butinfactitcouldactuallyhelpusmakethecorrectones.SusanKraussinPsychologyTodayremindsusthatpeopleoftenmakebaddecisionsbecausetheybasethemonpreconceptionsratherthanthecontextinwhichthingshappen.ShehighlightsapaperbyresearcherIrisSchneiderwhichfindsthatindecisivepeoplearemorelikelytolookatdifferentperspectivesandusethemtoetoabetterdecision.So,itcouldbethatamoresignificantbarriertomakingthebestchoiceisourcognitivebiases.DavidRobsontellsusthatintelligencecansometimesstoppeoplemakingtherightdecision.Peoplesometimesuseintelligencetoinventjustificationsforirrationalbeliefs.Hebelievesthathumilityiskeytomakingagooddecision.Peoplewhocanacceptthattheymightbewrongaremorelikelytoconsiderdifferentviewpoints.HeisbackeduponthisbyJeffBezos.TechCEOJasonFriedrecallstheAmazonfoundersayinghowthepeoplewhowererightalotofthetimewerethepeoplewhooftenchangedtheirminds.So,mayberatherthanindecision,itmightbeintelligenceanddecisiveness,backedupbyourbiasesthatactuallystopusmakinggoodchoiceswhilehumilityandindecisivenesscouldhelpuspickthebestoption.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Thereareobstaclesindecisionmaking.Someperfectionistsareindecisivebutinfacttheirindecisivenesscanaidinsounddecisionmaking.Withoutcognitivebiases,indecisivepeopletendtoconsiderdifferentperspectives.Also,intelligentpeoplelikerationalizingunreasonablebeliefsinsteadofadmittingtheirerrors.Therefore,therealobstacletobetterdecisionmakingisintelligenceanddecisiveness,ratherthanindecision.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，决策过程中存在障碍。有些完美主义者优柔寡断，但事实上，他们的优柔寡断有助于做出正确的决策。没有认知偏差，优柔寡断的人倾向于考虑不同的观点。此外，聪明的人喜欢把不合理的信念合理化，而不是承认自己的错误。因此，做出更好决策的真正障碍是智慧和果断，而不是优柔寡断。【详解】1要点摘录①Someofusjustfindithardtodecide.②Itmightseemthatbeingindecisivewouldstopusmakingtherightdecision,butinfactitcouldactuallyhelpusmakethecorrectones.③ShehighlightsapaperbyresearcherIrisSchneiderwhichfindsthatindecisivepeoplearemorelikelytolookatdifferentperspectivesandusethemtoetoabetterdecision.So,itcouldbethatamoresignificantbarriertomakingthebestchoiceisourcognitivebiases.④DavidRobsontellsusthatintelligencecansometimesstoppeoplemakingtherightdecision.⑤Peoplesometimesuseintelligencetoinventjustificationsforirrationalbeliefs.⑥So,mayberatherthanindecision,itmightbeintelligenceanddecisiveness,backedupbyourbiasesthatactuallystopusmakinggoodchoiceswhilehumilityandindecisivenesscouldhelpuspickthebestoption.2.缜密构思将第1、2、3、6几个要点进行重组，将第4、5两个要点进行整合。3.遣词造句Thereareobstaclesindecisionmaking.Someperfectionistsareindecisivebutinfacttheirindecisivenesscanaidinsounddecisionmaking.Withoutcognitivebiases,indecisivepeopletendtoconsiderdifferentperspectives.Also,intelligentpeoplelikerationalizingunreasonablebeliefsinsteadofadmittingtheirerrors.Therefore,therealobstacletobetterdecisionmakingisintelligenceanddecisiveness,ratherthanindecision.【点睛】[高分句型1]：Thereareobstaclesindecisionmaking.(这句话运用了therebe句型)[高分句型2]：Also,intelligentpeoplelikerationalizingunreasonablebeliefsinsteadofadmittingtheirerrors.(这句话运用了动名词作宾语)【上海市上海中学20232024学年高三上学期期中测评英语试题】IsItBadtoSleepWithWetHair?Ifyoushowerbeforebed,you’veprobablywonderedwhethersleepingwithdamphairisaproblem.Maybeyou’vehearditcouldmakeyousick,orthatitcandamageyourhair.What’sthetruth?Let’saddressthe“itcanmakeyousick”mythfirst.Thisideaseemstofitintotheoldbitoffolklorethatgettingyourselfchilledandwetwillcauseyoutoedownwithacold.However,itwaslongagodisproved.It’struethatyou’remuchmorelikelytocatchamoncoldduringthewintermonths.Butthishastodowithviruses.Anotherwethairrumoristheideathatharmfulthingswillcolonizeyourpillow.Someresearchhasshownthatpillowscanharborallergycausingmircoorganisms.Theytendtodowellindampenvironments.Scientifically,there’snoevidencethatpeoplewhosleepwithwethairexperiencemoreallergysymptoms.Butifyouwakeupwithastuffynose,itchyorwateryeyes,breathingproblemsorotherallergysymptoms,youshouldwashyourpillowcasesinhotwateratleastonceaweek.Whenitestothehealthofyourhair,generally,it’sthoughtthatsleepingwithhairwetmaydamageyourhair,leadingtobreakagesandalossofshine.Butit’sworthnotingthatalmostanythingyoudotoyourhairfrombrushingandblow—dryingittocoloringitorexposingittothesun—candamageit.Usingconditionercanhelprestoreit.Theremaybesomemildrisksassociatedwithgoingtobedwithwethair.Butofallthehealthconcernsyoucouldworryabout,thisoneshouldn’tkeepyouupatnight.