2023年湖南高考英语真题及答案

2023年湖南高考英语真题及答案

本试卷共12页。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

注意事项：1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在

考生信息条形码粘贴区。

2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字

体工整、笔迹清楚。

3.请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；

在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。

4.作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。

5.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。

第一部分听力（1-20小题）在笔试结束后进行。

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

BikeRental&GuidedTours

WelcometoAmsterdam,welcometoMacBike.Youseemuchmorefromtheseatof

abike!Cyclingisthemosteconomical,sustainableandfunwaytoexplorethecity,

withitsbeautifulcanals,parks,squaresandcountlesslights.Youcanalsobike

alonglovelylandscapesoutsideofAmsterdam.

WhyMacBike

第1页，共21页7/2

MacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerental

companyinAmsterdam.Withover2,500bikesstoi-edinourfiverentalshopsat

strategiclocations,wemakesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.Weoffer

thenewestbicyclesinawidevariety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake（刹

?），bikeswithhandbrakeandgears（排挡），bikeswithchildseats,andchildren,s

bikes.

Prices

HandBrake,ThreeGearsFootBrake,NoGears

1hour€7.50€5.00

3hours€1100€7.50

1day（24hours）€14.75€9.75

Eachadditionalday€8.00€600

GuidedCityTours

The2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,

HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthe

hour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.YoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBikeshopor

bookonline.

1.WhatisanadvantageofMacBike?

A.Itgiveschildrenadiscount.B.Itofoffersmanytypesofbikes.

C.Itorganizesfreecycletours.D.Ithasover2,500rentalshops.

2.Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwo

第2页，共21页7/2

days?

A.€15.75.B.€19.50.C.€22.75.D.

€29.50.

3.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?

A.TheGooyer,Windmill.B.TheSkinnyBridge.

C.HeinekenBrewery.D.DamSquare.

B

WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,

observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclear

afterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhe

gotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemesses

peopleweremaking.

Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentback

toobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmful

bacteria（细菌）？Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtheright

combinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethe

waynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.

ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge

（污泥）.First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeach

other.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplants

andanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littleby1ittle,thesedifferent

kindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafew

第3页，共21页7/2

weeks,Johnaddedthesludge.

Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetook

thesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeksithadallbeendigested,and

allthatwasleftwaspurewater.

Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-

likefacilitythattreatedsewage（污水）from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Ue

alsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheast

China.

uEcologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes."LifeonEarth

iskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,“hesays."Youputorganisms

innewrelationshipsandobservewhat1shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystems

developtheirownwaystoself-repair.”

4.Whatcanwe1earnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Hewasfondoftraveling.B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.

C.Hehadaninquiringmind.D.Helongedtobeadoctor,

5.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?

A.Tofeedtheanimals.B.Tobuildanecosystem.

C.Toprotecttheplants.D.Totesttheeco-machine.

6.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?

A.ToreviewJohn*sresearchplans.B.Toshowanapplicationof

John,sidea.

C.TocompareJohn,sdifferentjobs.D,ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn,s

第4页，共21页7/2

invention.

7.WhatisthebasisforJohn,swork?

A.Naturecanrepairitself.B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.

C.LifeonEarthisdiverse.D.Mosttinycreatureslivein

groups.

C

Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includinga

detailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhow

toadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit'srightforyou.

Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethe

philosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationof

theforcesthataremakingsomanypeople*sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,

beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitaiminimalismphilosophy.

Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthis

philosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfrom

optionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwi11

thenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelieve

willprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.

Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I'11guideyouthroughcarryingoutyourown

digitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I'11drawonanexperiment1ranin2018inwhich

over1,600peopleagreedtoperforinadigitaldeclutter.You'11hearthese

participants,storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwel1forthem,andwhattraps

第5页，共21页7/2

theyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.

Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelp

youcultivate（培养）asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,

Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude（独处）andthenecessityof

cultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspendonmindless

deviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices,whicharedesigned

tohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthesepracticesas

atoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsfor

yourparticularcircumstances.

8.Whatisthebookaimedat?

A.TeachingcriticalthinkingskiIls.B.Advocatingasimpledigital

lifestyle.

C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.D.Promotingtheuseofadigital

device.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean?

A.Clearnp.B.Add-on.C.Check-in.D.

Take-over.

10.Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?

A.Theoreticalmodels.B.Statisticalmethods.

C.Practicalexamples.D.Historicalanalyses.

11.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo?

A.Usethemasneeded.B.Recommendthemtofriends.

第6页，共21页7/2

C.Evaluatetheireffects.D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.

D

OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhich

illustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowdsweffect.The

experimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofa

1argenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.

Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrors

aren'talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometo

underestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleach

otherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtend

tomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon'tcanceleachotherout.Inmore

technicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople*sestimatesbe

independent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people*serrorsbecomecorrelatedor

dependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.

ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist（转折）on

thisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswere

furtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,the

averagesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberof

independentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesof

fourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverage

obtainedfrom20independentindividuals.

Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtoget

第7页，共21页7/2

abettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didthey

tendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthose

leastwi11ingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn't

thedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“shared

argumentsandreasonedtogether."Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresulted

inaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashave1imitations

andmanyquestionsremainthepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionand

decision-makingareenormous.

12.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?

A.Themethodsofestimation.B.Theunderlyinglogicofthe

effect.

C.Thecausesofpeople,serrors.D.ThedesignofGalton*s

experiment.

13.Navajas*studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif，

A.thecrowdswererelativelysmallB.therewereoccasional

underestimates

C.individualsdidnotcommunicateD.estimateswerenotfully

independent

14.Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?

A.Thesizeofthegroups.B.Thedominantmembers.

C.Thediscussionprocess.D.Theindividualestimates.

15.Whatistheauthor*sattitudetowardNavajas?studies?

第8页，共21页7/2

A.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.

Approving.

第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为

多余选项。

PersonalForgiveness

Takingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon'tbeatyourself

upaboutthem.Toerr（犯错）ishuman.16Youcanusethefollowingwriting

exercisetohelpyoudothis.

Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheadingaPersonalstrengths.”

17Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?

Theydon'thavetobeworld-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou're

proudof.

Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading“Actsofkindness."Onthisone,

listallthepositivethingsyou*vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyou

helpedafriendwiththeirhomework,whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked,

orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.18

Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.19

Thatway,youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandthe

aspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.Infact,don,twaituntilyou've

madeamistaketotrythis-it'sagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.

It'ssomethingofacliche（陈词滥调）thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheir

第9页，共21页7/2

successesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingisit'strue.20We*reall

changingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopand

grow.

A.Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.

B.Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.

C.Theymighteven1iketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.

D.It'sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.

EItdoesn,tmeanyouhavetoignorewhatrshappenedorforgetit.

F.Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.

G.Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn'tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.

第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

OnOct.11,hundredsofrunnerscompetedinacross-countryraceinMinnesota.

MelanieBaileyshouldhave21thecourseearlierthanshedid.Her22

camebecauseshewascarryinga23acrossthefinish1ine.

Asreportedbyalocalnewspaper,Baileywasmorethantwo-thirdsoftheway

throughher24whenarunnerinfrontofherbegancryinginpain.She

25tohelpherfellowrunner,DanielleLenoue.Baileytookherarmtosee

ifshecouldwalkforwardwith26.Shecouldn*t.Baileythen27

toletLenoueclimbontoherbackandcarriedheral1thewaytothefinishline,

thenanother300feettowhereLenouecouldget28attention.

第10页，共21页7/2

Oncethere,Lenouewas29andlatertakentoahospitai,whereshe

learnedthatshehadseriousinjuriesinoneofherknees.Shewouldhavestruggled

withextreme30tomakeittothataidcheckpointwithoutBailey'shelp.

AsforBailey,sheismore31aboutwhyheractisconsideredabig

32.“Shewasjustcrying.1couldn,t33her,“Baileytoldthe

reporter."IfeellikeIwasjustdoingtherightthing.”

Althoughthetwoyoungwomenwerestrangersbeforethe34,they,ve

sincebecomefriends.Neitherwontherace,butthe35ofhumankindness

wontheday.

21.A.designedB.followedC.changedD.

finished

22.A.delayB.chanceC.troubleD.excuse

23.A.judgeB.volunteerc.classmateD.

competitor

24.A.raceB.schoolc.townD.

training

25.A.agreedB.returnedc.stoppedD.

promised

26.A.courageB.aidc.patienceD.advice

27.A.wentawayB.stoodupc.steppedasideD.bent

down

28.A.medicalB.publicc.constantD.equal

第11页，共21页7/2

29.A.interruptedB.assessedC.identifiedD.

appreciated

30.A.hungerB.painC.coldD.

tiredness

31.A.worriedB.ashamedC.confusedD.

discouraged

32.A.gameB.problemC.lessonD.deal

33.A.leaveB.cureC.botherD.

understand

34.A.rideB.testC.meetD.show

35.A.secretB.displayC.benefitD.

exchange

第二节(共10小题;每小题L5分，满分15分)

阅读卜.面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Xiaolongbao(soupdumplings),thoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumpling

wrappers,encasinghot,36(taste)soupandsweet,freshmeat,arefarand

awaymyfavoriteChinesestreetfood.Thedumplingsarrivesteaminganddangerously

hot.Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhether37(bite)asmallholeinit

first,releasingthestreamandriskingaspill(溢出)，38toputthewhole

dumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue.Shanghaimay

bethe39(recognize)homeofthesoupdumplingsbutfoodhistorianswi11

actuallypointyoutotheneighboringcanaltownofNanxiangasXiaolonghao,s

第12页，共21页7/2

birthplace.Thereyouwi11findthemprepareddifferently-moredumplingandless

soup,andthewrappersarepressed40handratherthanrolled.Nanxiangaside,

thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthem41(lift)outofthe

steamerbasketwithoutallowingthemtearingorspiHinganyof42(they)

contents.Themeatshouldbefreshwith43touchofsweetnessandthesoup

hot,clearanddelicious.

NomatterwhereIbuythem,onesteameris44(rare)enough,yettwo

seemsgreedy,soIamalwaysleft45(want)morenexttime.

第三部分写作(共两节，满分40分)

第一节(满分15分)

46.假定你是李华，外教Ryan准备将学生随机分为两人•组，让大家课后练习口语，你

认为这样分组存在问题。请你给外教写一封邮件，内容包括；

1.说明问题；

2.提出建议。

注意：

1.写作词数应为80个左右：

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

DearRyan,

I'mLiHuafromClass3.

第13页，共21页7/2

Yourssincerely,

LiHua

第二节（满分25分）

47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

WhenIwasinmiddleschool,mysocialstudiesteacheraskedmetoenterawriting

contest.Isaidnowithoutthinking.Ididnotlovewriting.Myfamilycamefrom

Brazil,soEnglishwasonlymysecondlanguage.Writingwassodifficultandpainful

formethatmyteacherhadallowedmetopresentmypaperonthesinkingoftheTitanic

byactingoutaplay,whereIplayedalltheparts.Noonelaughedharderthanhe

did.

So,whydidhesuddenlyforcemetodosomethingatwhich1wassuretofail?

Hisreply:BecauseIloveyourstories.Ifyou'rewillingtoapplyyourself,I

thinkyouhaveagoodshotatthis."Encouragedbyhiswords,Iagreedtogiveit

atry.

IchosePaulRevere*shorseasmysubject.PaulReverewasasilversmith（专艮

匠）inBostonwhorodeahorseatnightonApri118,1775toLexingtontowarnpeople

thatBritishsoldierswerecoming.Mystorywouldcomestraightfromthehorse,s

mouth.Notabri11iantidea,butfunny;anduniikelytobeanyoneelse,schoice.

Whatdidthehorsethink,ashespedthroughthenight?Didhegettired?Have

第14页，共21页7/2

doubts?Didhewanttoquit?Isympathizedimmediately.Igottired.Ihaddoubts.

1wantedtoquit.But,likeRevere,shorse,1keptgoing.1workedhard.1checked

myspelling.Iaskedmyoldersistertocorrectmygrammar.Icheckedoutahalf

dozenbooksonPaulReverefromthelibrary.Ievenreadafewofthem.

When1handedintheessaytomyteacher,hereadit,laughedoutloud,andsaid,

wGreat.Now,writeitagain."Iwroteitagain,andagainandagain.WhenTfinally

finishedit,thethoughtofwinninghadgivenwaytotheenjoymentofwriting.If

Ididn'twin,Iwouldn,tcare.

注意:

1.续写词数应为150个左右;

2.请按如卜格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Afewweekslater,whenIalmostforgotthecontest,therecamethenews.

Iwenttomyteacher*sofficeaftertheawardpresentation.

第15页，共21页7/2

参考答案

本试卷共12页。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

注意事项：1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在

考生信息条形码粘贴区。

2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字

体工整、笔迹清楚。

3.请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；

在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。

4.作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。

5.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。

第一部分听力（1-20小题）在笔试结束后进行。

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

第16页，共21页7/2

A

l.B2.C3.D

B

4.C5.D6.B7.A

C

8.B9.A10.C11.A

D

12.B13.D14.C15.D

第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为

多余选项。

16.D17.B18.F19.C20.G

第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

21.D22.A23.D24.A25.C26.B27.D28.A29.B30.B

31.C32.D33.A34.C35.B

第二节（共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分）

36.tasty

37.tobite

第17页，共21页7/2