2023届高考英语二轮拔高复习训练：阅读理解说明文(六)

2023年新高考英语二轮拔高班复习资料

阅读理解训练题型：说明文题组训练（六）

姓名：班级：学校：错题号：

（2022•湖北襄阳•襄阳四中校考模拟预测）Publictoiletsaroundtheglobehaveareputationforbeingdark,dirtyanddangerous.Tokyorecentlyunveilednew

restroomsintwopublicparksthataimtoaddressthoseconcerns.Foronething,theyarebrightlylitandcolorful.Foranother,theyaretransparent.Thisway,thosewhoneedto

gocancheckoutthecleanlinessandsafetyofthetoiletswithouthavingtowalkinsideortouchathing.

Japanhaslongexperimentedwithtoilets,resultinginlidsthatopen,andcloseautomaticallyandseatsthatwarmup.Butthenewtoilets—designedbyShigeruBan,thePritzker

Prize-winningarchitect—aremadeoutofa“smartglass.”

ThetoiletswereinstalledinTokyoinSeptember.SetupinfrontofaclusteroftreesintheShibuyaDistrict,thetoiletsstandoutlikeaMondrianpainting.

Whenoccupiedandlockedproperly,thecoloredglasstoiletsbecomefrosted（磨砂的）andopaque（nottransparent）.Whenthedoorisunlocked,anelectriccurrentrearrangesthe

crystalsintheglasstoallowmorelighttopassthrough,creatingatransparenteffect.Thetoiletswerepresentedasanotherfuturisticandaesthetically（美学地）pleasingexample

ofthecountry7stechnologicaladvancements.

ThepredecessortoTokyo'stransparenttoiletsappearedinSwitzerlandin2002,whendesignerOlivierRambertunveiledtwoglassrestroomsinthecityofLausanne.Theyhada

safetyfeaturethatautomaticallyopenedthedoorsandturnedtheglasstransparentifsensorsdetectednomotionfor10minutes.Thatcouldpossiblyhelpuserswhofall

unconsciousandneedmedicalattention.

1.What'sthepurposeofthedesignofnewrestrooms?

A.Tomaketheparkstouristattractions.

B.Tosettletheproblemswithpublictoilets.

C.Tomaintainthestandardsofpublictoilets.

D.Toachieveabreakthroughintoiletconstruction.

2.Howdoesthe“smartglass"function?

A.Bycuttingoffelectricity.B.Bygivingoffcolorfullight.

C.Bysensingthehealthofpeople.D.Bychangingtheorderofcrystals.

3.Whatcanwelearnaboutthetransparenttoilets?

A.Theycausetheconcernsaboutprivacy.

B.Theyaredecoratedwithartists1paintings.

C.TheyarepioneeredbyJapanesearchitects.

D.Theycombinetechnologicalandartisticelements.

4.WhichcanbestdescribethesafetyfeatureofglassrestroomsinSwitzerland?

A.Conventional.B.Humanized.

C.Simplified.D.Recreational.

（2023•重庆•统考模拟预测）Thehumanbrainisacomplexorgan.Itstoreseverythingwegothrough,fromourlifeexperiencestoourskills,ourpreferences,allthe

thingsthatformourpersonalityandourexistencearestoredinourbrainsaloneasmemories.Withage,thiscomplexstructureoftenbeginstodeteriorate.Thememories

becomehardertorecall,westartforgettingthingsandourbrainfunctionsbecomeweakerandslowerwitheachpassingday.

DementiaandAlzheimer1sarementaldisordersthatcanleadtomanypainfulexperiences.Moresowhenyouseeyourownfriendsorfamilymemberssufferfromit.Butthereare

somewhodonotletevensuchproblemsbringthemdown.PaulHarvey,an81-year-oldorchestraconductor;isonesuchperson.LastSeptember,HarveyzssonNickrecordeda

videoofhisfatherplayingoneofhiscompositionsonthepianoandposteditonTwitter.HesuffersfromDementiatooandwantedtoshowtheworldtateventhismental

disordercouldnottakemusicawayfromhisfather.Theoldmangainedappreciationandlovefrommillionsofpeopleontheinternet.

PaulwentagainstthediagnosisandprovedthatmusictrulydoesreachplacesevenwordsoractionscannotHeputhismusicoutintheworldintheformofasinglerecordedby

theBBCPhilharmonicOrchestra.ThefundsraisedbysellingtherecordsofthissinglewillbegoingtotheAlzheimer7sSocietyandMusicforDementia.Thecampaignistomake

musicavailableforfreetopatientswhosufferfromconditionslikeAlzheimer1sandDementia.

Tomarkthedaysincehisvideowentviral,hewasalsoinvitedtoconducttheBBCPhilharmonicorchestraandgivenachancetoplaytwoofhiscompositionsattheirstudio,

locatedinSalford.Itistrulyaheart-warmingstory.

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deteriorate"inParagraph1mean?

A.Becomeworse.B.Developslowly.C.Breakdowncompletely.D.Improvequickly.6.Howdidpeoplereacttothevideo?

A.Theyappreciatedit.B.Theyfeltgreatlyupset.

C.Theydidn'tcaremuch.D.Theymisunderstoodhim.

7.WhatdoesHarvey'sstorymainlyshow?

A.Itshowsthatmusiccansolveanymedicalproblem.

B.Itshowsthatdiseasecannotdefeateveryone.

C.Itshowsthatakidcanhelpabadly-illfather.

D.Itshowsthatloveofinternetcanneverbechanged.

8.WhyisHarveyzsstoryaheart-warmingstory?

A.BecauseHarvey'sdiseasecanbedealtwithintime.

B.BecauseHarveyisrecoveringfromaterribleillness.

C.BecauseotherscanhelpHarveygetridofhisdisease.

D.BecauseotherscanoffergoodopportunitiestoHarvey.

（2022•广东•惠州一中校联考模拟预测）Theworld'sbiggestelectricvehicle—a45-tonminingdumptrucknamedtheeDumper—mayhavetogiveupitsthrone.

Thenewcomer,poweredwithbothelectricityandareserveofhydrogenfuel,isgoingtostealthattitleasthelargestelectricminingtruck.

London-basedAngloAmericanisdevelopingthebeastofamachine—itweighs290tons—aspartofitssustainableminingvision.Theconceptualworkisdone,but

U.K-basedWilliamsAdvancedEngineeringwillbringthetrucktolife.Theideaistoreplacethevehicle7sdieselengine（柴油机）withahigh-powermodularlithium-ionbattery（锂

电池）.“Wearedelightedtobeinvolvedinthisinnovativeandexcitingprojectwhichshowsthepotentialofbatterytechnologythatcanadapttoincreaseddemands,from

automotiveandmotorsportto'heavyduty'industrialapplications/7CraigWilson,managingdirectorofWilliamsAdvancedEngineering,said.

WhiletheeDumper-aminingtruckusedtomovestonesfromthesidesofmountainsinSwitzerland-reliesentirelyonpureelectricityandpurephysicsforpower;theAnglo

Americantruckwillusebothalithium-ionbatteryandahydrogenfuelcell（电池）module.Altogether,thenewtruckwillhaveover1,000Kilowatthoursofenergystorage.

Hydrogenfuelisaclearfuelthatproducesonlywaterasaby-productwhenconsumedinafuelcell.It1stypicallyproducedfromnaturalgas,nuclearpower;orrenewablewind

andsolarpower.Addinghydrogenfuelcellstothevehicle,sbatterywillallowthetrucktorunforlongerperiodsoftimewithoutrecharging.

There1salsoathirdtypeofpowerthatcomesintoplaywiththeAngloAmericantruck:kinetic（动力的）energycreatedthroughtheprocessofregenerativebraking（再生制动系

统）.Whenanelectricvehicle-beittheAngloAmericantruck,ortheeDumper-rollsdownahill,thatmovementcreateselectricalenergyforthebatteryasyoubrake.The

electricmotorspowerthecarthroughthebattery7sstoredenergy,butcanalsobecomeminigeneratorsthatreturnsomeenergybacktothebattery.

AfterAngloAmericanfinishestesttrialswiththetruck,thefirmwillconductstudiestounderstandhowthetruck7spowerunitscanbeusedtoprovideenergystorageinother

applications.

9.Whatcanbeknownabout“theeDumper”?

A.Itweighsmorethan290tons.

B.Itispoweredbyhydrogenfuel.

C.Itwillnolongerbethelargestelectrictruck.

D.Itwilldiscouragebuyersforbeingexpensive.

10.WhatcanbeinferredfromCraigWilson*swords?

A.Batterytechnologyisthekeytoupdatingvehicles.

B.Batterytechnologyisthebasisofmanufacturingtrucks.

C.Thedevelopmentofthelithium-ionbatteryislimited.

D.Thefutureofthelithium-ionbatteryispromising.

11.Whatisthebenefitofadoptinghydrogenfuelcells?

A.Itcansavealotofmoney.

B.Vehiclesbecomemoreeco-friendly.

C.Ithasnoenvironmentalimpactatall.

D.Vehiclesnolongerneedtoberecharged.

12.Accordingtoparagraph5,whichofthefollowingcanbeafeatureofregenerativebraking?

A.Autonomousbraking.B.Energytransformation.

C.Simpleoperation.D.zero-carbonemission.

（2022•广东深圳•深圳中学校考模拟预测）"Ifeelunlikable,lonelyandhopeless"saidLisa,abrightteenagerfromalovinghome.nItseemsthatnobodywantstobecomemyfriend.

What'swrongwithme?"

LikeLisa,manyofusexperienceloneliness.Thetruthisthatallpeople,nomatterwhattheirageorcharacter—eventhemostoutgoing,wealthyandpopular—experience

lonelinessatleastsometimes.It'shealthyandnaturaltowanttobearoundpeoplewhocare.Afterall,we'veallheard“Nomanisanisland."That'strue.Weallneedothersin

ourlives.

Solomon,thewisestmanwhoeverlived,explainsthatifwewantfriends,wemustbefriendlyandreachouttoothers.Butithasrisk.Becauseweareoftenafraidofrejection（拒

绝），manyofusareunwillingtoreachouttoothers.Wetakeasaferwayandwaitforotherstomakefriendswithus.Butifwewantfriends,we'vegottogetbeyondthis.

Ifmakingfriendsisyourgoalaswell,youneedtoconsidertakingsomemeasures（措施）.

Bewillingtotaketheinitiative（主动权）.Ifyouseesomeonewhomyouwouldliketoknow,don'twaitforhertomakethefirstmove.Getclosetoherandbeginaconversation.Let

herknowinanon-aggressive（无攻击，性的）waythatyouareinterestedinbeingfriendswithher.

Reachouttothosewhoarelonely.Whenyouseesomeoneatschoolsittingalone,gooverandtalktoher.Anddon'tletpopularitydecidewhomyoureachoutto.You'lloftenbe

surprisedatthebeautifulqualitiesbehindashyappearance.

Askquestions.Startyourfirstconversationbyaskingthispossiblefriendwhatshelikestodooraskingaboutherfamily.Besuretoaskquestionsthatcannotberepliedwith"yes"

or"no”.Forexample,don'task"Doyouhaveadog?"Instead,say"So,tellmeaboutyourpets."Avoidingasking"yes"or"no"questionsmakesyourpossiblefriend

notendyourcommunicationwithaone-wordanswer.

13.WhydoestheauthorbeginthetextwithLisa'sworry?

A.Tosetasadtone.

B.ToshareLisa'spain.

C.Tointroducethetopic.

D.Toteachreadersalesson.

14.Whatcanbeariskcausedbyreachingouttoothersaccordingtothepassage?

A.Beingrefusedbyothers.

B.Puttingourselvesindanger.

C.Beingtreatedinarudeway.

D.Losinginterestincommunicating.

15.WhatcanweknowfromParagraph5?

A.Shypeoplearehardtotalkto.

B.Popularpeopleareofteneasy-going.

C.Justwaitingforchanceswillwasteourtime.

D.Apropermannerisimportantinmakingfriends.

16.Whydoestheauthorsuggestnotasking"yes"or"no"questions?

A.Itisconsideredunfriendly.

B.Itwillleaveabadfirstimpression.

C.Itshowsthepoorqualityofthespeaker.

D.Itisn'tgoodforkeepingaconversationgoing.

（2022•江苏南通•江苏省如东高级中学校考模拟预测）Heat,coldandtoucharecrucialforexperiencingtheworldaroundusandforourownsurvival.Buthowour

bodiesactuallydoithadbeenoneofthegreatmysteries（神秘）ofbiology.Scientistswhodiscoveredhowourbodiesfeelthewarmthofthesunorthehugofalovedonehave

wontheNobelPrize.

DavidJuliusandArdemPatapoutian,fromtheUS,sharethe2021prizeinMedicineorPhysiologyfortheirworkonsensingtouchandtemperature.Theyexploredhowourbodies

convertphysicalsensationsintoelectricalmessagesinthenervoussystem.Theirfindingscouldleadtonewwaysoftreatingpain.

ThomasPerlman,fromtheNobelPrizeCommittee,said:"Itwasaveryimportantandprofounddiscovery/'ProfDavidJulius'sbreakthrough,attheUniversityofCalfornia,San

Francisco,camefrominvestigatingtheburningpainwefeelfromeatingahotchillipepper（辣椒）.Heexperimentedwiththesourceofachilli'sheatanddiscoveredthespecific

typeofreceptor（感觉器官）thatrespondedtoitFurthertestsshowedthereceptorwasrespondingtoheatandkickedinat"painful“temperatures.Thisiswhathappens,for

example,ifyouyou'reyourhandonacupofcoffee.

Thisledtoasensesofothertemperaturesensorsbeingdiscovered.ProfJuliusandProfArdemPalapoutianfoundonethatcoulddetectcold.Meanwhile,ProfPatapoutian,

workingattheScripsResearchinstitute,wasalsoanalyzingcellsinadish.Thoseexperiments