2024届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题十二 考点18 议论文

2024届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题十二考点18议论文

1.OffthecoastofFormentera,anisland,livesseagrassthatstretches15km.Theseagrass,

coveringseveralkilometers,ismadeupofasingleorganism.Thegrassesarealsolong-lived,

fortensorhundredsofthousandsofyears.Alongwithtwootherkindsofcoastal

ecosystem—mangrove（红树林）swampsandtidalmarshes（潮汐沼泽）一seagrassfieldsare

particularlygoodattakingcarbondioxidefromtheair.

ThisrolewashighlightedinareportpublishedonMarch2ndbyUNESCO,on"blue

carbon"一thecarbonstoredbyEarth*soceanicandcoastalecosystems.Intotalaround3300

milliontonsofcarbondioxide（aboutthree-quartersoftheworld'semissionsin2019）are

lockedawayintheplanetsblue-carbonsinks.ResearchbyCarlosDuarte,thereportsauthor

andanecologist,hasshownthatonehectareofseagrasscansuckasmuchcarbondioxide

eachyearas15hectaresofrainforest.

Onereasonthatblue-carbonecosystemsmakesucheffectivesinksisthatunderwater

forestsarethickerthantheland-basedwoods.Theycanalsotrapfloatingpiecesandorganic

matter,whichsettlesontheseafloorandcandoubletheamountofcarbonstoredaway.They

possessanotheradvantage,too.Climatechangeisleadingtomorewildfiresaroundtheworld.

Asforestsbum,theircarbonstocksaresentbackintotheatmosphere.Unlikeforestsonland,

blue-carbonecosystemsdonotburn.

Blue-carbonecosystemsmaynotbefired,buttheyremainaffectedtoothersortsof

disasters.InMay2020cycloneAmphandestroyed1200squarekilometresofmangrove

forests.AmarineheatwaveinAustralianwatersin2010and2011damagedaroundonethird

oftheworld'slargestseagrassfieldinSharkBay.Mangroveforestscanweakenorcontrol

wavesandprovidenaturalbarrierstostormsurges.Protectingandexpandingthem,then,

appearstobeamust.

1.Whatdotheblue-carbonecosystemsconsistof?

A.Thecarbonstoredincoastalecosystems.

B.SeagrasslivingoffthecoastofFormentera.

C.Asingleorganism,seagrassfieldsandforestsonland.

D.Seagrassfields,mangroveswampsandtidalmarshes.

2.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkabout?

A.Theconcreteroleofnbluecarbon".

B.Thespecialfeaturesoftheseagrass.

C.Thestorageabilityoftheblue-carbonsinks.

D.Thefindingsabouttheblue-carbonecosystems.

3.Whycantheblue-carbonecosystemsmakesucheffectivesinks?

A.Becausetheyhavegreaterabsorbingability.

B.Becausetheyaren'tinfluencedbydisasters.

C.Becausetheircarbonstocksarereleasedback.

D.Becausethereismorecarboninwaterthanonland.

4.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?

A.Toaddbackgroundinformation.B.Togivesuggestions.

C.Tolistinfluentialexamples.D.Toofferscientificdata.

2.OneinfivechildrenstartingprimaiyschoolintheUKareoverweight.Bythetimethey

leaveschool,thatfigurewillrisetooneinthree.Thechanceofthembeingoverweightin

adulthood,whichbringsarangeofassociatedhealthrisks,ishigh,at50-75%.

Therootcauseofdiet-relatedfatnessisnosecret:anenergyimbalancebetweenthe

quantityoffoodbeingconsumedandthelevelofphysicalactivitybeingconducted.

Addressingthisimbalanceneedstobe,inpart,areviewofourdiet.Morefresh

ingredients（原料）especiallyfruitandvegetables,lessprocessedfoodsandfeweradditives（添

加剂J）areallimportantfactorsinbuildingabalanceddiet.

TheDepartmentofHealthhasrecognizedthatacollectiveapproach,ratherthanjust

individualbehaviorchange,isasuccessfulwayofachievingthis.Universaladjustmentslike

ablanketdecreaseinsugarcontentinfluencethewayweeatthroughthechoicesavailableto

us.

Applyingthisapproachtoschoolkitchensmakessense.Theyhaveanimportantroleto

playinmaintaininghealthydiets.Offeringaschoolmenupackedwithfreshingredientsand

withoutartificialadditivesmakesadirectandeffectiveimpactonwhatchildreneatatschool.

IfsanareatheSoilAssociationconsistentlyworkstohandlethroughitsFoodforLife

program——workingwithschoolstotransformfoodculture,improvefoodeducationand

encouragelastingchangestothewayschoolsthinkaboutfood.Itworks.InFoodforLife

schools,pupilsareathirdlesslikelytoeatnofruitorvegetablesthanthoseincomparison

schools.

OnewayforschoolstogetinvolvedisaFoodforLifeServedHereaward,whichmeansat

least75%ofdishesarepreparedonsiteusingfreshingredients.Itencourageslocalseasonal

produceand,atsilverorgoldlevel,requiresacommitmenttoenvironmentallyfriendly

produce.Atitsheart,theawardisdesignedtosupporthealthandenhancefoodunderstanding.

Over50%ofEnglishprimaryschoolshavesuchanawardalready,servingaround1.7

millionmealseachdaytoover10,000schoolsandit'safigurewellseegrow.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"addressing"inparagraph2mean?

A.Tackling.B.Ignoring.C.Maintaining.D.Postponing.

2.Whichapproachwillworkforstudentstobuildabalanceddiet?

A.Stoppingthemeatingaloneinschools.

B.Gettingthemawareoftheharmoffatness.

C.Ensuringhealthyrecipesonschoolmenus.

D.Increasingtheavailabilityandflavoroffood.

3.WhatcanwesayabouttheFoodfbrLifeprogram?

A.Ifsaheavyloadonschools.B.It'scomplicatedtooperate.

C.It*satemporaryproject.D.Ifsafruitfulattempt.

4.WhichtypeoffoodmaytheFoodforLifeServedHereawardpromote?

A.Sugarysnacks.B.First-classsausages.

C.High-qualityimportedbeef.D.Freshlypickedorganicbeans.

3.Whenalmosteveryonehasamobilephone,whyaremorethanhalfofAustralianhomes

stillpayingforalandline（座机）？

Thesedaysyou'dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15who

doesn'townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.

Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.

Still,55percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter

（29%）relyonlyontheirsmartphones,accordingtoasurvey（调查）.OfthoseAustralianswho

stillhavealandline,athirdconcedethatit'snotreallynecessaryandthey'rekeepingitasa

securityblanket—19percentsaytheyneveruseitwhileafurther13percentkeepitincaseof

emergencies.Ithinkmyhomefallsintothatcategory.

MorethanhalfofAustralianhomesarestillchoosingtostickwiththeirhomephone.Age

isnaturallyafactor（因素）一only58percentofGenerationYsstilluselandlinesnowandthen,

comparedto84percentofBabyBoomerswho'veperhapshadthesamehomenumberfor50

years.Ageisn*ttheonlyfactor;I'dsayit'salsotodowiththemakeupofyourhousehold.

GenerationXerswithyoungfamilies,likemywifeandI,canstillfinditconvenientto

haveahomephoneratherthanprovidingamobilephoneforeveryfamilymember.Thatsaid,

tobehonesttheonlypeoplewhoeverringourhomephoneareourBabyBoomersparents,to

thepointwhereweplayagameandguesswhoiscallingbeforewepickupthephone（using

CallerIDwouldtakethefunoutofit）.

Howattachedareyoutoyourlandline?Howlonguntiltheygothewayofgasstreetlamps

andmorningmilkdeliveries?

1.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutmobilephones?

A.Theirtargetusers.B.Theirwidepopularity.

C.Theirmajorfunctions.D.Theircomplexdesign.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"concede11inparagraph3mean?

A.Admit.B.Argue.C.Remember.D.Remark.

3.WhatcanwesayaboutBabyBoomers?

A.Theylikesmartphonegames.B.Theyenjoyguessingcallers1identity.

C.Theykeepusinglandlinephones.D.Theyareattachedtotheirfamily.

4.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthelandlinefromthelastparagraph?

A.Itremainsafamilynecessity.B.Itwillfalloutofusesomeday.

C.Itmayincreasedailyexpenses.D.Itisasimportantasthegaslight.

4."Youcanusemeasalastresort（选择）,andifnobodyelsevolunteers,thenIwilldoit.”

ThiswasanactualreplyfromaparentafterIputoutarequestforvolunteersformykids1

lacrosse（长曲棍球）club.

Iguessthatthere'sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaround

steppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagain

andtugattheheartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandI

talkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren*tevenon...Atthispointtheunwilling

parentspeaksup,"Alright.Yes,Fildoit.”

I'msecretlyrelievedbecauseIknowthere'srealpowerinsharingvolunteerresponsibilities

amongmany.Theunwillingparentorganizesthemealschedule,sendsoutemails,and

collectsmoneyforend-of-seasongifts.Somewherealongtheway,thesameparentendsup

becominganinvaluablememberoftheteam.Thecoachisabletofocusonthekidswhilethe

otherparentsarerelievedtobeoffthehookforanotherseason.Handingoutslicedorangesto

bloodthirstykidscanbeasexcitingaswatchingyourownkidscoreagoal.

Still,mostofusvolunteersbreatheasighofreliefwhentheseasoncomestoaclose.That

reliefiscoupledwithadeepunderstandingofwhythesamepeoplekeepcomingbackfor

more:Connectingtothecommunity（社区）asyoufreelygiveyourtime,money,skills,or

servicesprovidesarealjoy.Volunteeringjustfeelssogood.

Inthatsense,I'mprettysurevolunteeringismoreofaselfishactthanPdfreelyliketo

admit.However,ifothersbenefitintheprocess,andIgetsomerewardtoo,doesitreally

matterwheremymotivationlies?

1.Whatcanweinferabouttheparentfromherreplyinparagraph1?

A.Sheknowslittleabouttheclub.

B.Sheisn*tgoodatsports.

C.Shejustdoesn'twanttovolunteer.

D.She'sunabletomeetherschedule.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"tugattheheartstrings"inparagraph2mean?

A.Encourageteamwork.B.Appealtofeelings.

C.Promotegooddeeds.D.Provideadvice.

3.Whatcanwelearnabouttheparentfromparagraph3?

A.Shegetsinterestedinlacrosse.B.Sheisproudofherkids.

C.She'llworkforanotherseason.D.Shebecomesagoodhelper.

4.Whydoestheauthorlikedoingvolunteerwork?

A.Itgivesherasenseofduty.B.Itmakesherveryhappy.

C.Itenableshertoworkhard.D.Itbringshermaterialrewards.

5.Youareamemberinafull-timeschoolcalled"life",Eachdayhereyouwillhavethe

opportunitytolearnlessons.Youmaylikethelessonsorhatethem,butyouhavedesigned

themaspartofyourcurriculum.

Whyareyouhere?Whatisyourpurpose?Humanshavesoughttodiscoverthemeaningof

lifeforaverylongtime.Whatweandourancestorshavetooverlookisthatthereisno

answer.Themeaningoflifeisdifferentforeveryindividual.

Eachpersonhashisownpurposeanddistinctpath,uniqueandseparatefromanyoneelse*s.

Asyouaretravellingyourlifepath,youwillbepresentedwithnumerouslessonsyouwill

needtolearninordertoachievethatpurpose.Thelessonsyouarepresentedwitharespecific

toyou;learningtheselessonsisthekeytodiscoveringandachievingthemeaningofyour

ownlife.

Asyouaretravellingthroughyourlifetime,youmaymeetchallenginglessonsthatothers

don'thavetoface,whileothersspendyearsstrugglingwithchallengesthatyoudon*tneedto

dealwith.Youmayneverknowwhyyouareblessedwithawonderfulmarriage,whileyour

friendssufferpainfuldivorces,justasyoucannotbesurewhyyoustrugglefinanciallywhile

yourpeersenjoyabundance.Theonlythingyoucancountonisthatyouwillbepresented

withailthelessonsthatyouspecificallyneedtolearn.

Thechallenge,therefore,istoconnectyourselfwithyourownuniquepathbylearning

individuallessons.Thisisoneofthemostdifficultchallengesyouwillfaceinyourlifetime,

assometimesyourpathwillbedifferentfromothers*.Butdon'tcompareyourpathwiththat

ofpeoplearoundyouandfocusonthedifferencesbetweentheirlessonsandyours.Youneed

torememberthatyouwillonlyfacelessonsthatyoucanlearnandthatarespecifictoyour

owngrowth.

Oursenseoffairnessistheexpectationofequality.Lifeisnot,infact,fair,andyoumay

indeedhaveamoredifficultlifepaththanothersaroundyou.Everyone'scircumstancesare

unique,andeveryoneneedstohandlehisorherowncircumstancesdifferently.

1.Accordingtothepassage,howcanthemeaningofyourlifeberealized?

A.Gatheringdifferentopinionsfromothers.

B.Takingthedistinctpathfromothers1.

C.Learningthelessonspresentedtoyou.

D.Doingthedifferentthingsfromothers*.

2.Fromthepassagewecanconclude.

A.everyonehashisowntracktofollow

B.unexpectedthingsusuallyhappentothepeers

C.apainfuldivorcemustlieinfinancialproblems

D.awealthymanmusthaveawonderfulmarriage

3.Inyourlifetime,thelessonsyouarefacedwith.

A.arebeyondyourpower

B.stopyoufromgrowing

C.limityourdevelopment

D.helpyouwithyoursuccess

4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.Allthingsareequal.

B.Youshouldlearntodealwithspecificproblemsdifferentlyfromothers.

C.Onehastofixhismindontheunfairnessofcircumstances.

D.Youcancomplainlifeisunfairwheneverpossible.

6.AccordingtotheStudyAbroadTrendReportfor2018,conductedbyChineseeducation

websiteEol.cn,thenumberofChinesestudentswhostudyabroadtogainabachelor'sdegree

orbelowisrising,andthecurrentgroupofChineseoverseasstudentsisyoungerthanthose

inthepastyears.

DuXiying,aBeijing-basedstudy-abroadagent,hasfirst-handexperienceworkingwith

thisyoungercropofstudents."WhenIstartedthisjobsome10yearsago,almostallcases

werefiledbycollegegraduatestryingtoapplyforamaster'sdegreeintheUS,UK,Australia

andCanada,"saidDu."Nowquiteanumberofmyclientsarehighschoolgraduates,andmy

companyevenemployedsomeexperiencedconsultantstosatisfytheincreasingneedof

college-boundChinesestudents.'*However,intheeyesofDu,mostofthemarenotreadyto

putthemselvesinacompletelydifferentcontextatsuchayoungage.Althoughthereareno

statisticsavailable,accordingtoDu'sobservations,college-boundhighschoolgraduatesfrom

Chinafallintotwogroups.Thereisagroupofstudentsfromwell-offfamilies,withgood

gradesandexcellentcommandofEnglish,andthereisanothergroupwhodidnotdovery

wellintheircollegeentranceexams,sotheyseektostudyabroadasasolutiontotheir

troubles."Inrecentyears,withthefinancialabilityofChinesefamiliesgrowingwiththe

country'sdevelopment,buyingintocollegeisverycommon,"saidDu.

ComplaintscomefrombothdestinationschoolsintheUSandparentsofstudents.Going

abroadatayoungageneedsagreatdealofdiscipline（自律）,andcollegestudentsdon't

usuallyliveathome-stayssotheyarefreefrommanagement.Aconsiderablequantityof

studentshaveendedwithbeingdismissed（开除）.

Astothedismissalissue,Dusaidit'sinevitableduetothelargenumberofstudents

crowdingabroad.It*sjustnoteasytoensurequality.Butshedoesthinkbothstudentsand

parentsshouldberesponsiblefortheirowninvestmentofbothtimeandmoney."Theworst

caseisthatafamilythrowsout1millionyuanfbrtheirchildtocomehomewithnothing,not

evenfluentEnglish/*saidDu.

l.Whatchangeismentionedinparagraph1andparagraph2?

A.TheageofChinesestudentsstudyingabroadisgettingyounger.

B.MoreChinesestudentsstudyingabroadaregettingamaster'sdegree.

C.Excellentstudentspreferstudyingabroadtotakingcollegeentranceexams.

D.Chinesestudents*gradesareimprovingduetoprofessionalconsultants*help.

2.WhichopiniondoesDuprobablyagreewith?

A.Mostyoungstudentsarequalifiedtostudyabroad.

B.Buyingintoschoolscouldbeagoodsolutiontostudents*problems.

C.Destinationschoolsshouldberesponsibleforthemanagementofstudents.

D.Parentsandstudentsshouldbecautiousaboutthedecisiontostudyabroad.

3.Whydosomestudentsfailintheiroverseastudy?

A.Theyarenotfinanciallysupported.

B.Theyarerejectedbydestinationschools.

C.Theycan*tliveuptotheirparents1expectations.

D.Theycanrtliveandstudyabroadindependently.

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"inevitable”inparagraph4mean?

A.Can'tbeavoided.B.Can'tbeignored.

C.Can'tberealized.D.Can*tbepredicted.

7.Climatebreakdownthreatenstocauseaglobalfoodproductioncrisis.TheUNforecasts

thatby2050,feedingtheworldwillrequirea20%expansioninglobalwaterusefbr

agriculture.Itishardtoseehowagriculturecanfeedthepopulationoftheplanet,letalone

towardtheendofthecenturyandbeyond.Agricultureisamajorcauseofclimatebreakdown,

andbothriverandairpollution.Industrialfishingissimilarlydrivingecologicalcollapsein

seasaroundtheworld.

However,atthiscriticaltime,farming（anewkindoffoodtechnology）iscreating

astonishingpossibilitiestosavebothpeopleandtheplanet.Farmingwillenablethereturnof

vastareasoflandandseatonature,greatlyreducingcarbonemissions（排放物）.Itmeansan

endtotheemploymentofanimals,astoptooverfishing,andadramaticreductionincutting

downforestsandtheuseofpesticides（杀虫齐（J）.Itisthebesthopeforstoppingthe

destructionoftheplanetand,ifitisdoneright,itmeanscheapandabundantfoodfor

everyone.

Weareabouttowelcomeoneofthebiggesteconomictransformations,ofanykind,for

200years.Argumentscontinueaboutplantsagainstmeat-baseddiets;however,new

technologieswillsoonmaketheseargumentsirrelevant.Beforelong,mostfoodwillcome

neitherfromanimalsnorplants,butfrommicro-organisms（微生物）.

Notonlywillfoodbecheaper,itwillalsobehealthier.Duetothefactthatfarmingcreates

foodproductsbuiltupfromsimplecomponentsratherthanbrokendownfromcomplexones,

hardfatsandotherunhealthycomponentscanbescreenedout.Meatwillstillbemeat,butit

willbegrowninfactoriesratherthaninthebodiesofanimals.Fatswillstillbefats,butfood

islikelytobebetter,cheaperandmuchlessdamagingtothelivingplanet.

1.Whatisthemajorcauseofseaecologicalbreakdown?

A.Foodproduction.B.Globalfarming.

C.Industrialfishing.D.Climatebreakdown.

2.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytellusaboutferming?

Altsbenefits.B.Itssecurity.C.Itsresearch.D.Itslimits.

3.Whatwillprovidethemajorityoffoodinthenearfuture?

A.Seaanimals.B.Wildplants.C.Micro-organisms.D.Farmproducts.

4.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudetoferming?

A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Unclear.

8.Waterkeepsusalive.Whenitrunsout,wehaveaproblem.

Aboutoneoutoffourpeopleontheplanetarefacingashortageofwater.Seventeen

countriesaroundtheworldaredealingwithhigh-waterstress.Thismeanstheyareusing

almostallthewatertheyhaveaccessto.Manyaredrycountries.Somewastemuchoftheii*

water.Somemaycurrentlyusetoomuchoftheirgroundwaterthattheyshouldbesaving.

Severalbigcitiesfaceacuteshortages.TheseincludeSaoPaulo,Brazil;Chennai,India;and

CapeTown,SouthAfrica.Ayearago,CapeTownfacedDayZero—thedaywhenallits

damswouldbedry.

Climatechangeaddstotheriskofwatershortages.Rainfallislesssteady.Thewatersupply

becomeslessreliable.Thedaysgrowhotter.Morewaterevaporates（蒸发）fromlakesand

riversevenasdemandforwaterincreases.By2030,thenumberofcitiesinthehigh-stress

categorymayhaverisento45andincludealmost470millionpeople.

Allovertheworld,farmers