05Unit4单元话题语言知识把关(完形填空8篇语法填空6篇)(译林版2020)(原卷版)

Unit4Scientistswhochangedtheworld(译林版2020必修第三册)单元话题语言知识把关(完形填空8篇+语法填空6篇)I.完形填空A(2024上·新疆乌鲁木齐·高一乌鲁木齐市第十一中学校考期末)Theemailgotmyheartracing.“Thankyouforlettingme1yourclasses.Itwasanunusualexperience,”itbegan.Asanindustryscientist,Itaughtatauniversityinmysparetime.Bythatpointinthesemester,Ihadn’taskedthestudentstosolveany2problemsoreventurnontheirputers.Instead,I’d3practicalexercisesthattaughtthemteamworkandmunication,skillsthey’dneedinindustry.My4caughttheattentionoftheuniversity,soateachingexpertappearedinmyclass.The5mademewonderwhetheruniversityofficialswouldpraisethe6viewIbroughtfromindustry—orremovemefromtheclassroom.I7theymighthavebeentakenaback(吓一跳).Butafterthatunsettling8,theiremailwaspositive:“Iunderstandtheimportantmessageyou’re9,”theywrote.“Today’sindustryisaboutpeople,notjustputers.I10supportyou.Keepupthegoodwork.”I’venowbeenteachingthiscoursefor4years,enough11formetoseesomeofmystudents12andtakejobsinindustry.Recently,somestudentstoldmehowthe13theygainedinmyclasshelpedthemlandtheirjobs.Hearingthatmy14hadapositiveimpactontheircareerpathswastruly15.1.A.improve B.observe C.document D.organize2.A.mental B.personal C.technical D.environmental3.A.focusedon B.cutoff C.appliedfor D.setaside4.A.discovery B.experience C.growth D.approach5.A.mail B.poster C.announcement D.invitation6.A.familiar B.traditional C.similar D.unique7.A.admitted B.recalled C.worried D.realized8.A.news B.opening C.conversation D.phenomenon9.A.receiving B.collecting C.delivering D.revising10.A.temporarily B.definitely C.mainly D.secretly11.A.time B.energy C.confidence D.ability12.A.recover B.return C.withdraw D.graduate13.A.praise B.skills C.fame D.relationships14.A.warning B.support C.teaching D.example15.A.rewarding B.easy C.convincing D.beneficialB(2023江苏南通高一月考)Asuccessfulscientistisgenerallyagoodobserver.Hemakesfull16ofthefactsheobserves.Hedoesn’tacceptideaswhicharenotbasedonobviousfacts,andthereforerefusestoacceptauthorityastheonly17fortruth.Healways18ideascarefullyandmakesexperimentstoprovethem.Theriseofmodernsciencemayperhapsbeconsideredto19backtothetimeofRogerBacon,thewonderfulphilosopherofOxford,wholived20theyears1214and1292.HewasprobablythefirstintheMiddle21tosuggestthatwemustlearnscience22observingandexperimentingonthethingsaroundus,andhehimselfmademanyimportantdiscoveries.Galileo,however,wholivedmorethan300yearslater(15641642),wasoneofthegreatestmen,23inItaly,France,Germany,orEngland,beganby24toshowhowmanyimportanttruthscouldbediscoveredbyobservation.BeforeGalileo,learnedmenbelievedthatlargebodiesfellmore25towardstheearththansmallones,26Aristotlesaidso.ButGalileo,goingtothe27oftheLeaningTowerofPisa,letfalltwo28stonesandprovedAristotlewaswrong.ItwasGalileo’s29ofgoingdirecttonature,andprovingour30

andtheoriesbyexperiment,thathasledtoallthediscoveriesofmodernscience.16.A.use B.time C.speed D.trust17.A.reason B.cause C.advice D.result18.A.thinks B.checks C.has D.learns19.A.date B.keep C.look D.take20.A.both B.each C.between D.among21.A.Schools B.Ages C.Days D.Countries22.A.in B.with C.on D.by23.A.who B.when C.that D.where24.A.ways B.degrees C.levels D.chance25.A.slowly B.rapidly C.lightly D.heavily26.A.although B.because C.when D.if27.A.place B.foot C.top D.ceiling28.A.big B.small C.equal D.unequal29.A.spirit B.skill C.theory D.discovery30.A.plans B.opinions C.world D.abilityCWilliamThomson(2024山东济南高一校考练习)WilliamThomsonwasbornon26June,1824inBelfast.Hewastaughtbyhisfather,aprofessorofmathematics.In1832,thefamilymovedtoGlasgowwhereThomsonattendeduniversityattheageof10,thenstudiedatCambridgeandParisUniversities.In1846hebecameprofessorofnaturalphilosophyinGlasgow,aposthe31formorethan50years.InGlasgow,Thomson32thefirstphysicslaboratoryinBritain.Hewasapioneerinmanydifferent33,particularlyelectromagnetism(电磁学)andthermodynamics(热力学).34Faraday(法拉第),hewasresponsiblefortheintroductionofthe35ofanelectromagneticfieldwhereThomsondevelopedtheworkofthe36ofthesubject,NicolasCarnotandJamesJoule.Oneofthemost37resultsofhisworkwashisideaofanabsolutezerooftemperature—thescalebasedonthisisnamed38him.ThroughouthisworkThomson’smaingoalwasthepracticaluseofscience.Heachieved39throughhisworkonsubmarinetelegraphy,amajorpracticalproblemoftheday.Hewas40asascientificadviserinthelayingoftheAtlantictelegraphcablesin18571858and18651866,forwhichhewasknightedin1866.His41inmarineissuesalsoinspiredhimtodevelopamariners’passand42atidemachineanddepthmeasuringequipment.HeinventedmanyelectricalinstrumentsandhishouseinGlasgowwasthefirsttobe43byelectriclight.Thomsonwasraisedtothenoblemenwiththe44ofBaronKelvinofLargsin1892.TheKelvinwasasmallriverthatflowednearGlasgowUniversityandhewaspresidentoftheroyalSocietyfrom1890to1895.Hediedon17December,1907,inAyrshire,Scotlandandwas45inWestminsterAbbey.31.A.sought B.confirmed C.admired D.held32.A.tookup B.brokeup C.setup D.blewup33.A.fields B.countries C.labs D.colleges34.A.Inspiteof B.Exceptfor C.Togetherwith D.Regardlessof35.A.mand B.condition C.contract D.concept36.A.learners B.pioneers C.petitors D.leaders37.A.important B.obvious C.fortunate D.positive38.A.for B.with C.after D.on39.A.wealth B.fame C.contribution D.enthusiasm40.A.considered B.attracted C.employed D.accused41.A.hobby B.desire C.success D.interest42.A.operate B.invent C.control D.produce43.A.lit B.built C.decorated D.equipped44.A.title B.name C.honor D.award45.A.preserved B.respected C.admitted D.buriedD(2023·云南玉溪·高一统考期末)LiuYongtanwasbornin1931inSichuanProvince,China.HestudiedatSouthwestJiaotongUniversityandearnedhisbachelor’s46incivilengineeringin1955.After47,heworkedasatechnicianontheChengduKunmingRailway,wherehe48valuableexperienceinrailwayengineering.In1984,LiuYongtan49theteamworkingonChina’sfirsthighspeedrail50,theBeijingShanghaiRailway.Atthetime,highspeedtrainswerestilla51newconcept,andmanyengineersbelievedthatitwas52tobuildsucharailwayinChina.Despitethesechallenges,LiuYongtanandhisteam53.Theyconductedextensiveresearchonsafety,stability,andspeed,developing54technologiesthathelpedmakeChina’shighspeedrailsystemoneofthemostadvancedintheworld.OneofLiuYongtan’smost55contributionswasthedevelopmentofthe“reinforcedconcretecontinuousbeambridge”technologyusedintheconstructionofhighspeedraillines.Thistechnologyallowedformoreefficientandfasterconstructionofbridges,56costsandimprovingsafety.57LiuYongtan’sleadershipanddedication,China’shighspeedrailnetworkhasgrown58overtheyears,connectingmajorcitiesacrossthecountryandrevolutionizingtransportationinChina.Hiscontributionshavenotonly59Chinabuthavealsoinspiredengineersaroundtheworldtopushtheboundariesofwhatispossibleinrailwaytechnology.Today,LiuYongtanisrecognizedasa(n)60inChina’shighspeedrailindustry,andhislegacycontinuestoinspireyoungscientistsandengineerstopursuetheirpassionsandcontributetotheadvancementoftechnologyinChinaandbeyond.46.A.title B.fame C.degree D.grade47.A.graduation B.application C.reservation D.investigation48.A.reflected B.gained C.observed D.performed49.A.named B.joined C.founded D.monitored50.A.exhibition B.subject C.industry D.project51.A.slightly B.currently C.relatively D.merely52.A.impossible B.available C.unbearable D.flexible53.A.gotcoldfeet B.bitthebullet C.spilledthebeans D.beataroundthebush54.A.ordinary B.mon C.limited D.novel55.A.significant B.secure C.reliable D.economical56.A.boosting B.doubling C.preventing D.reducing57.A.Apartfrom B.Thanksto C.Accountingfor D.paredwith58.A.rapidly B.eventually C.absolutely D.gradually59.A.convinced B.selected C.occupied D.benefited60.A.ancestor B.director C.pioneer D.engineerE(2023·辽宁·高一校联考阶段练习)AstheChinesesayinggoes,aseedcanchangetheworld;avarietycanbenefitanation.ZhangDaorong,whohasspentthelast26years6113newvarietiesofwheatandcontributingtonationalfoodsecurity,hasdoneboth.The50yearold,whoiscalledthe“motherofwheat”,isa62attheXiangyangAcademyofAgriculturalSciencesinXiangyangcity.Theresearchintonewvarietiesrequiresstrictstandardsand63experiments.“Thefirst64istofindsuitableparentaltypesforaspecificcultivationpurpose.Thenwetryahybridbination,”Zhangexplained,“Afterseveralgenerationsof65andselection,andwhencharacteristicsremainstable,we66atwoyearprocessofyieldtestinganddiseaseidentification.”Andafterseveralmorefoundsoftests,a(n)67forevaluationandapprovalcanbemadeformarketproduction.“Generallyspeaking,agoodnew68shouldproducehighyields,havestableproduction,and69goodresistancetobadconditions,”sheadded.“70,italsoshouldbeacceptedbythemarket.”Zhangaddedthattheteam7170,000to80,000seedlings(幼苗)eachyear.Allyearroundtheywerebusywith72experimentsonthegrowthofthenewseedlingsandmakingrecordsandanalyses.“Agriculturalresearchworkis73andplicated.Sometimesyoureffortsdonot74.Allwecandothenisthinkmore,discussmoreandfind75ontheland,”shesaid.61.A.advertising B.cultivating C.discussing D.observing62.A.journalist B.researcher C.teacher D.manager63.A.precise B.efficient C.simple D.expensive64.A.step B.attempt C.method D.question65.A.encouragement B.support C.management D.trial66.A.nearby B.continue C.begin D.repeat67.A.practice B.application C.appliance D.invitation68.A.environment B.machine C.farmland D.variety69.A.produce B.enhance C.show D.develop70.A.Besides B.However C.Therefore D.Otherwise71.A.watered B.bought C.protected D.planted72.A.reporting B.designing C.conducting D.studying73.A.tough B.normal C.varied D.specific74.A.endup B.letdown C.breakup D.payoff75.A.answers B.fort C.dreams D.courageF(2024上·浙江宁波·高一镇海中学校考期末)Atjust14yearsold,HemanBekeleemergedasthevictorofthe20233MYoungScientistChallenge,76amongnineotherfinalistswithhisinnovativecreationknownastheSkinCancerTreatingSoap(SCTS).In77ofhisexceptionalachievement,thisninthgradetalentissettoreceiveasubstantialcashawardof$25,000.Bekele’srevolutionaryconcept78throughatwominutevideo,centersonthedevelopmentofasoapthatisnotonly79,pricedatlessthan$10perbar,butalsohasthepotentialtoreactivatedendriticcellsthebody’snatural80oftheskintocopewithskincancer.Reflectingonhispresentationandinspiration,BekelesharedthathischildhoodinEthiopiaplayedasignificant81inshapinghisinnovativethinking.Havingwitnessedpeoplework82underthescorchingsun,hecouldn’thelpbut83howmanywereawareoftherisksassociatedwithlongtermsun84.“Iwantedtomakemyideanotonlyscientificallyexceptionalbutalsoaccessibletoabroadaudience,”BekeleexpressedduringaninterviewwithTheWashingtonPost.To85himrealizehisambitiousplans,hereceivedinvaluableadvicefromDeborahIsabelle,aproductengineeringspecialistat3M,who86himwithotherscientists.Ultimately,thepathforwardforBekele’screationincludesobtainingFDAapproval.Duringhispresentationatthe3MglobalheadquartersinSaintPaul,Minnesota,Bekele87expressedhisvisionofturningthesoapintoa“symbolofhope,accessibility,andaworldwhereskincancertreatmentiswithin88forall.”Overtheingfiveyears,Bekeleisdeterminedtoperfecthisinventionand89anonprofitorganizationdedicatedtodeliveringhisinnovativecreationtopoormunities,offeringhopeandapracticalsolutioninthe90againstskincancer.76.A.tellingapart B.standingout C.workingout D.settingapart77.A.summary B.memory C.recognition D.contact78.A.improved B.presented C.impressed D.supplied79.A.affordable B.effective C.efficient D.expensive80.A.rescuers B.defenders C.masters D.designers81.A.role B.power C.pack D.source82.A.effortlessly B.hardly C.carefully D.tirelessly83.A.know B.confirm C.wonder D.realize84.A.damage B.addiction C.effect D.exposure85.A.help B.fund C.track D.supply86.A.referred B.interacted C.remended D.connected87.A.passionately B.temporarily C.suddenly D.regularly88.A.rent B.reach C.affair D.application89.A.setoff B.setout C.setup D.setfor90.A.race B.quarrel C.fight D.petitionG(2023·湖北黄冈·高一湖北省罗田县第一中学校考阶段练习)Youmayalwayshearaboutpeoplewhoknewexactlywhattheywantedtodowiththeirlifefromthetimetheywereinkindergarten.Ihadn’tconsideredlotsofcareer91whenIgraduatedfromhighschool.Likemoststudentswhoearnedgoodgradesinmathandscienceclasses,Ifoundpeople92metobeanengineer.ButallofthatchangedwhenIwenttomy93.IwillneverforgetthefeelingofwalkingintomyveryfirstBiology94.InervouslyfoundaseatandwaitedforthetypeofprofessoryouseeinTVshows,oldandstrict.WhatIgotwasexactly95.Dr.Espinozawasacaringand96teacher,andtwotermsofherclassesmademefallinlovewithBiology.Herexcitingclassesmademe97thatIhadotherchoicesbesidesbeinga(n)98.ItmeantIwasheadedforacareerinbiologicalresearch.DuetoDr.Espinozaandmanyotherprofessorslikeher,Ifoundthatscientistsaren’tjustwhatwe99ontheNationalGeographicChannel.Theyarerealpeoplewhoanswerrealquestionsand100realproblems.ThisledmetoseekoutopportunitiestodorealscienceprojectsandseeifI101it.WhileIwasatuniversity,Ilearnedhowtoaskgoodquestions,howto102experimentsandcollectdata,andhowtosharewhatIlearnedwithpeople.Asit103,Ilovedeveryminuteofit.Fallinginlovewithsciencewasalongprocessforme,butitledmetoajobIlove.Likethescienceitself,myjourneytowardbeingascientistwas104,buthelpedalongbymanyteachersandprofessorswhoshowedmetheway.Now,Itrymybesttolearnnewthingsand105newknowledge.91.A.development B.difficulty C.choices D.requirements92.A.appointing B.forcing C.allowing D.encouraging93.A.university B.office C.room D.lab94.A.league B.lecture C.test D.teamwork95.A.opposite B.traditional C.typical D.similar96.A.average B.casual C.enthusiastic D.severe97.A.realize B.regret C.refuse D.recall98.A.lawyer B.educator C.scholar D.engineer99.A.takecareof B.makefunof C.learnabout D.searchfor100.A.solve B.bring C.raise D.ignore101.A.enjoyed B.doubted C.remended D.acknowledged102.A.replace B.predict C.conduct D.copy103.A.cameabout B.brokeup C.setoff D.turnedout104.A.precious B.smooth C.beneficial D.slow105.A.record B.admire C.create D.forgetH(2023上·陕西西安·高一校考阶段练习)TheNobelPrizeisconsideredoneofthemostrecognizableandadmirableawardspossible106peopleoftheworldfortheiroutstandingachievementsindifferentfields.AlfredNobelwasbornin1833toafamilyofengineersin.Sweden.In1850,hemetAscanioSobrero,theinventorofnitroglycerin(硝酸甘油)inParis.Interestedinitsirregular107ofexplodingunderpressureorheat,Nobelstartedtofindawaytocontrolitandmakea108explosive(爆炸物).Afteryearsof109,in1867,theageof34,Nobelinventeddynamite(炸药),whichismucheasierandsafertocontrolthannitroglycerin.Duringhislifetime,Nobelinventedandpatentedvariousexplosives.He110hiswealthfromhis355inventions,amongwhichdynamitewasthemostimportant.WhenAlfred’sbrotherLudwigdiedin1888,aFrenchnewspaper111publishedAlfred’sobituary(讣告).Readinghisownobituary,

Nobelwas112tofindouthispublicimage.Thennewspaperstrongly113Nobelforinventingdynamite,givinghimthenicknameof“themerchantofdeath”andsaying“Dr.AlfredNobel,whobecame114byfindingwaystokillmorepeoplefasterthaneverbefore,diedyesterday.”ToAlfred,thisobituarywasa(n)115.Hespenthislifetimealone116thingsandwasdeeplyconcernedwithhowhewouldberemembered.Thisunfortunateeventinspiredhimtomakechangesinhiswill.soasto117hispublicimage,andtoberememberedforagoodcause.In1895,oneyearbeforehisdeath,Nobelmadethelast118,sayingclearlythathiswealthwouldbeusedtocreateaseriesofprizesforthosewhohavemadegreat119tomankindinphysics,chemistry,physiologyormedicine,literature,andpeace.Towidespreadastonishment,Dr.AlfredNobel12094%ofhistotalwealthtofoundthefiveNobelPrizes.106.A..remembering B.honouring C.crediting D.negating107.A.nature B..conduct C.flavour D.benefit108.A.deadly B.bitter C.usable. D.mild109.A.innovations B.efforts C.hesitation D.association110.A.broughtup B.putup C.brokeup D.builtup111.A.mistakenly B.purposefully C.unintentionally D.scientifically112.A.satisfied B.relieved C.impressed D.disappointed113.A.praised B.blamed C.appreciated D.favoured114.A.greedy B.essential C.rich D.sufficient115.A.error B.warning C.threat D.consequence116.A.destroying B.inventing C.bining D.stimulating117.A.improve B.establish C.illustrate D.secure118.A.request B.illustration C.will D.fortune119.A.choices B.decisions C.profits D.contributions120.A.gaveaway B.gaveback C.gaveoff D.gaveoutII.语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。A(2023上·河北·高一校联考阶段练习)C.V.Raman,agreatIndianphysicist,wasbornin1888.Hisfatherwasalecturerinmathandphysics,soC.V.Ramanwasexposedto1(science)thingsfromanearlyage.He2(attend)PresidencyCollegein1902,gettinghisBAin1904andMAin1907.Thoughhewasabrilliantstudent,thereweren’tmany3(opportunity)forscientistsinIndiaatthattime.4,afterfinishinghisstudies,hewenttoworkfortheIndianFinanceDepartmentandcarriedouthisexperimentalresearchonacoustics(声学).He5(offer)aprofessorshipinphysicsattheUniversityofCalcuttain1917andstayedforthenext15years,6(achieve)fameforhisresearchthere.In1930,hewontheNobelPrizeforhisworkin7fieldoflightscattering.Ramanfound8lightpassesthroughatransparentsubstance(透明物质),mostofthelightremainsunchangedbutasmallpartofithasdifferentwavelengths.Thislateris9(know)astheRamaneffectandisveryuseful10(analyse)gases,liquidsandsolids,includingbiologicaltissue.B(2023上·南京雨花台·高一校考阶段练习)BorninItaly,GalileoGalilei,wasanastronomer,philosopher,andphysicist.Hewascloselyassociatedwiththe11(science)revolution.Forhisgreat12(achievement),hehasbeenreferredtoasthe“fatherofmodernastronomy”.TheworkofGalileo13(consider)tobeasignificantbreakfromthatofAristotle.Inaddition,hisconflictwiththeRomanCatholicChurchistakenasamajorearlyexampleoftheconflictofauthorityandfreedomofthought,14(particular)withscienceinWesternsociety.Hewasaman15experimented—neverdidhetakeanythingforgranted.Instead,hedespised(蔑视)theprejudiceandbooklearningoftheAristotelians(亚里士多德学派)anddrewhis16(conclude)fearlessly.Hehadbeenthefirst17(turn)atelescopetothesky,andhehadseenthereevidenceenoughtooverthrow(推翻)AristotleandPtolemytogether.AlthoughGalileofound18difficultforhimtomakepeople19(convince)ofhistheories,hestillstuck20hisviews.Hisobservationsshowedthetheorythattheearthmovesaroundthesunwasright.Itwasonlymanyyearslaterthattheworldrecognisedhisgreatness.C(2023上·安徽芜湖·高一校考阶段练习)Regarded21“thegoddessscientists”,YanNingisanadmirablebiologyresearcheratPrincetonUniversity.Sheisarisingstarinthescienceworldandherresumeis22(impress).AftergraduatingfromTsinghuaUniversityandPrinceton,she23(invite)tosetupherownlaboratoryatTsinghuain2007.Atage30,shebecameoneofChina’s24(young)femaleprofessors.Itwasalongroadtoget25sheisnow.Yanworksatleast14hoursaday,butshe’senergetic,becauseresearchisthemost“fortable”jobforher.This26(devote)toherworkprobablyhelpedYaninherresearchtoidentifythestructuresofproteinsincells’plasmamembranes,whichpuzzledscientistsforhalfacentury.Apartfrom27(perform)scientificresearch,YanenjoysTVdramasandclassicnovels.28(surprise),thenovelJourneytotheWestinspiredhertobeeastructuralbiologist.Assherealizesherowndreams,Yantriestoencouragemorewomen29(join)inscience.Inhereyes,thereisnodifferencebetweenmen30womeninthescientificfields.“Womencanworkasexcellentlyasmenandlivethewaytheychooseto,”shesaidinapublicinterview.D(2023上·河南郑州·高一郑州四中校考阶段练习)QianXuesenisagreatscientist,amanofdistinction.He31(bear)inHangzhou,wasadmittedtotheaeronauticsdepartmentoftheMITin1934.AftergraduatingwithhisPhD,hewasemployedas32assistantresearcheratCaltech.Qian’smissiledesignslaidthefoundationforthesuccessfulbuildingofmissilesintheUSinthe1940sand1950s,33(make)himaworldrenownedrocketeer.Whenhelearntofthe34(thrill)newsofthefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChinain1949,QianresolutelygaveuphisprivilegedconditionsintheUSanddecidedtoreturntohislongedforhomelandtocontributeasmuchashecould35hisownnation.UponreturningtoChina,QianXuesenwasactivelyinvolvedinresearchwork.Underhis36(participate)andguidance,Chinasuccessfullylauncheditsfirstrocketin1960,37in1964,itwasagreatsuccesstoruntheflighttestofChina’sfirstselfdesignedmediumrangerocket.In1965,Qian’sproposal38(develop)anartificialsatellitewasincludedinthecountry’skeyprojects,after39thefirstartificialsatellitewasfinallylaunchedintospacein1970.In1999,QianXuesen40(award)the“TwoBombsandOneSatellite”MeritoriousMedalbythegovernmentofPRC,andwashailedasthe“FatherofChina’s