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2023届高一年级期末模拟试卷
英语试卷
时间;120分钟总分;120分2023.01
第一节、阅读理解(共16小题,每小题2.5分,满分40分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
“Whatkindofrubbishareyou?^^Thisquestionmightnormallycauseanger,butinShanghaiithas
becomeaspecial“greeting“amongpeopleoverthepastweek.OnJuly1,thecityintroducedstrict
trash-sortingregulationsthatarerequiredtofollowandexpectedtobeusedasamodelforourcountry.
Residentsmustdividetheirwasteintofourseparatecategoriesandthrowitintospecificpublicdustbins.They
mustdosoatregulatedtimes,whenmonitorsarepresenttoensurecorrecttrash-throwingandtoaskthenature
ofone'srubbish.Individualswhofailtofollowtheregulationsfacethepossibilityoffinesandworse.They
couldbepunishedwithfines(罚款)ofupto200yuan($29).Forthosewhorepeattogoagainstthem,the
governmentcanaddblackmarkstotheircreditrecords,makingitharderforthemtogetbankloansoreven
buytraintickets.
Shanghaigovernmentisrespondingtoanobviousenvironmentalproblem.Itgenerates9milliontonsof
garbageayear,morethanLondon?sannualoutput,whichisrisingquickly.ButlikeothercitiesinChina,it
lacksarecyclingsystem.Instead,ithasreliedontrashpickerstosift(筛选)throughthewaste,pickingout
whatevercanbereused.Thishaslimits.Aspeoplegetwealthier,fewerofthemwanttodosuchdirtywork.
Thewaste,meanwhile,justkeepspilingup.
Manyresidentsappeartosupporttheideaofrecyclingingeneralbutareannoyedbythedetails.Rubbish
mustbedividedaccordingtowhetheritisfood,recyclable,dryorharmful,thedistinctionsamongwhichcan
beconfusing,thoughthereareappstohelpworkitout.Somehavecomplainedabouttherulesconcerningfood
waste.Theymustputitstraightintherequiredpublicbins,forcingthemtotearopenplasticbagsandthrowit
byhand.Whattheycomplainmostistheshortperiodsfordroppingtrash,typicallyacoupleofhours,morning
andevening.Alongwiththemonitorsatthebins,thismeansthatpeoplegoataroundthesametimeandcan
keepaneyeonwhatisbeingthrownout.Noonewantstolookbad.
l.Whatdoweknowaboutthetrash-sortingregulationsinShanghai?
A.Shanghaiisthefirstcitytomakethetrash-sortingregulations.
B.Residentscanthrowthegarbageatanytime.
C.Thetrash-sortingregulationshavethehighestfines.
D.Monitorsensuretheprocessofthetrash-sortingregulations.
2.WhatisthemaindirectenvironmentalprobleminShanghai?
A.Themassivetraffic.B.Theincreasinggarbage.
C.Lackofarecyclingsystem.D.Lackoftrashpicker.
3.Whatmakestheresidentsupsetmostabouttheregulations?
A.Limitedtimeforthrowingthetrash.
B.Confusingdifferencesamongthecategoriesoftrash.
C.Beingfinedduetoimproperbehavior.
D.Beingwatchedbymonitorswhenthrowingthegarbage.
4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.AGoodWayofTrash-sortingB.ANewPeriodofGarbageSorting
C.AGreatTimeinDealingwithLitterD.AnEffectiveSolutiontoRubbishProblem
Anumberofpeopleholdapositiveattitudetowardartificialintelligence'sabilitytoreshapeeducation
nowadays.However,manyfeelsuchclaimsarenottrustworthy.
KentaroToyama,aprofessorattheUniversityofMichiganSchoolofInformation,isoneofthose
doubtfulabouttheideaofusingAIintheclassroom.
Toyamamentionedasituationhecameacrosswhileworkinginanafter-schoolprogramindigitalliteracy.
Hesaid/Intryingtoteachstudentstousetechnology,thegreatestdifficultyintheirlearningwasthe
technologyitself.^^Assoonashelookedawayfromthestudents,theywould“veryquicklyfindthemostfun
gamestheycouldfindonthecomputerandstartplayingthem^^.Thatsuggeststheproblemwithputtingtoo
muchfaithinAIforteaching."Thereisgreatpotentialforittobeadistraction,,,hesaid.
Toyamaoncesurveyedalargegroupofpeopleabouttheirpreferenceforthefollowingeducational
scenarios(f青景):aschoolwithnoteachersbutpowerfulAI,onewithbadteachersandnocomputers,onewith
badteachersbutstrongcomputers,onewithgoodteachersbutnocomputers,onewithgoodteachersandsome
computers,oronewithgreatteachersandmanycomputers.Theresultshowedthatnobodywouldsendtheir
childrentoaschoolwithpowerfulAIbutnoteachers,oronewithbadteachersbutstrongcomputers.Toyama
concluded“Goodteachersarewhatmatters;everythingelseissecondarycomparedtothat.”
ToyamaisalsoconcernedthatAIandtechnologymaywidenthegapbetweendisadvantagedschoolsand
wealthierschools.Hesaid,“Thebestwaytothinkabouttechnologyisthatitamplifies(放大)underlying
forces.Inthecaseofschools,well-resourcedschoolswillfindthebestwaystousetechnology.Butifyou'rein
aschooldistrictthatisunderfundedandparentsarenotinvolved,itdoesn'tmakeadifferencehowgoodthe
technologyis,anditwillnotturnthatsituationaround.99
WhenaskedwhenschoolsshouldadoptAI,Toyamasuggestedthattheyshouldwaituntilthebasicsarein
place,teacherswantit,andthetechnologyisprovedtohavepositiveeducationalvalue.
5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph3probablyreferto?
A.ALB.Faith.C.Teaching.D.Computer.
6.WhydoestheauthormentionthesurveyinParagraph4?
A.Tostressthekeyfactorineducation.
B.Torecommendhisfavoriteschoolforparents.
C,TocomparethedifferencesbetweenAlandteachers.
D.Toprovethatpreferenceforschoolsvariesamongpeople.
7.WhichofthefollowingstatementswillToyamaprobablyagreewith?
A.Poorparentsaretroubledbytheirmoneyproblems.
B.AImaycompletelychangeteachingandlearningoneday.
C.ItisnottherighttimetoputAItogooduseintheclassroom.
D.Teachersandtechnologyareequallyimportanttoaschool.
8.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?
A.Anovel.B.Areport.C.Atextbook.D.Anannouncement.
C
In1880,fourteen-year-oldMatthewHensonlovedtohearsailorstelltalesoftheirexcitinglivesatsea.
Thetravel,theadventure,thedanger,andthesteadypaywereallattractingyoungHenson.Oneday,hefound
ajobasacabinboyonabeautifulshipcalledtheKatieHinds.Forthenextfiveyears,Hensonsailedaround
theworld.Withthehelpoftheship'scaptainandothermembersofthecrew,Hensonlearnedmathematics,
navigation,history,geography,andmanyothersubjects.BythetimehelefttheKatieHindsin1885,Henson
waswelleducatedandhadbecomeanexcellentseaman.
Unabletofindworkanywhereelse,HensontookajobinahatshopinWashington,D.C.Onedayin
1887,amancameintobuyahat.Theman,RobertPeary,askedtheownerifheknewanyonewithexperience
atsea.PearywouldsoontraveltoSouthAmericafortheU.S.government.Heneededexperiencedmento
accompanyhim.Theshopownerknewabouthisyoungemployee'sskillsandexperienceonoceanjourneys,
soheintroducedPearytoHenson.
Usinghismap-readingandsailingskills,Hensonprovedhimselftobeaworthyandsmartseaman.
PearysoonmadeHensonhisassistant(助理),andtheybecameclosefriends.OnedayPearytoldHenson
abouthisrealdream:tobethefirstmantostandon“thetopoftheworld^^attheNorthPole.HeaskedHenson
tohelphimmakehisdreamcometrue.Overthenextfiveyears,thetwoexplorersmadetwotripstogetherto
theArctic.However,theywerenotabletoreachthepoleeithertime.Thecold,wind,andicewereworsethan
eitherofthemhadeverimagined.
In1908,PearyandHensonwerereadytomaketheirfinalattemptatreachingtheNorthPole.Bothmen
wereoverfortyyearsold.Theyearsofhardshipinthearcticcoldhadmadethemsufferalot.Thiswouldbe
theirlastchance.WithfourInuit(因纽特)guides,theymadeamadrushstraightacrosstheicetowardthepole.
Peary'sfeetwereinjuredandhehadtobepulledonadogsled.InApril1909,Henson'sinstrumentsshowed
theywerestandingattheNorthPole.TogetherHensonandPearyplantedtheAmericanflaginthesnow.
Inlateryears,RobertPearyandHensonweregreatlyhonoredfortheirachievements.Today,thetwo
friendsandfellowexplorerslieinheroes'gravesnotfarapartintheArlingtonNationalCemetery.
9.Inparagraph1,theauthorshowshowHensonbecame.
A.awonderfulseamanB.aneducatedcaptain
C.agoodshopassistantD.asuccessfullearner
10.Paragraph2mainlytellsus.
A.whyMatthewHensonwenttothehatshop
B.howMatthewHensonmetRobertPeary
C.whyMatthewHensonstoppedworkingontheKatieHinds
D.howRobertPearyknewMatthewHensonhadseaexperience
11.ThefollowingstatementsareTRUEexcept.
A.HensonprovedhimselfabetterseamanthanPeary
B.PearywantedHensontohelphimrealizehisdream
C.Beforetheirfinalattempt,theymadetwotripstogether
D.Aftertheydied,theywerehighlyrespectedbypeople
12.ThestorybetweenHensonandPearycouldbestbecomparedto.
A.treasurehunterslookingforfortunesB.sailorsseekingpoweroverothers
C.soldiersfightingfortheirfreedomD.fightersexploringanunknownland
D
Intheearlydaysofcovid-19,thetechindustrywasconsumedbyasenseofexcitement.Withbillionsof
peoplelockeddownathome,workandplaywereshiftingonline.Manyhopedthatthenewnormalwould
sparkahugeproductivityboomasfirmsdigitizedandworkersspentlesstimecommuting.Theexcitementwas
mostevidentinstock-markets,whereanyfirmrelatedtothistrendsawitssharepricesurge.Thetech-heavy
NASDAQroseby88%.
Thecrazyhasended.Todaythelockdownlunacyindex(疯狂指数)一whichincludesNetflix,a
streamingservice;Peloton,amakeroffancyexercisebikes;Robin-hood,astock-tradingapp;Shopify,and
e-commerceplatform;andZoom,avideoconferencingfirm-hasfallenbymorethan80%fromitspeak.
HowworryingisthisreturntoEarth?Tobesure,someofitreflectsgloomierprospectsfortheglobal
economy.Anditisdisappointingthattwoyearsofdigitizationandremoteworkhavenotprovidedclear
evidenceofaproductivityboom.Yettherearereasonsstilltobetechno-optimistic.Muchoftheearly
enthusiasmmaysimplyhavebeenfocusedonthewrongtypesoffirm.Thoughthepandemicdarlingshave
fizzled,theshifttowardsevergreaterdigitizationcontinues.Thetruewinnersarenottheflashyconsumer-tech
firms,butthecompaniesthatprovidetheinfrastructuretoenablethisshift.
Lookbeyondtheboomandbustofconsumertech,andyouseetherealsuccesses.Themarketforthe
infrastructuretechnologythatunderpinspeople'sdailylives,suchascloudcomputing,cyber-securityand
digitalpayments,isbooming.Thecloud-computingindustryisexpectedtogrowtoalmost$500bnthisyear,
upfrom$243bnin2019.Amazon'scloudoffering,thelargestintheworld,isstillgrowingat33%eachyear.It
accountedforthree-quartersofthefirm'soperatingincomeoverthepast12months,andisproppingupthe
techgiant'sailinge-commercebusiness.ItsclosestrivalsarethecloudservicesofMicrosoftandGoogle.
Theirannualsalesaregrowingby40%and36%,respectively.
Cloudificationhascreatednewdemandsforcybersecurity,anothertechwinner.Thecombinedrevenueat
thethreelargestlistedcybersecurityfirmshasalmostdoubledsincethestartofthepandemic.Theirmarket
capitalisationhastripled,andhascomedownonlyafractionsincethestartoftheyear.Digitalpaymentsare
anotherbrightspot,thankstolockdownsandsocialdistancing.Three-quartersofiPhoneownersuseApply
Pay,upfromhalfin2019,andnineoutoftenAmericanretailersnowacceptitasapaymentmethod.Almost
200mpeopleinIndiaandChinahaveusedsomeformofdigitalpaymentforthefirsttimesincetheonsetof
covid.
Thebubblemayhaveburstonthepandemic'sdarlings,butthedrumbeatofdigitizationcontinues.The
lessobvioustechnologiesthatprovidetheunderlyinginfrastructurefortheshiftarethetruebeneficiariesof
covid.Whetherthesewillfuelaproductivityboostonedayremainstobeseen.Buttherewasmoregoingon
duringthepandemicthanlockdowncrazy.
13.Accordingtothearticle,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
A.Techindustrypredictedaproductivityboominthelockdown,whichprovedtrue.
B.Thesharepricesofcustomer-techcompaniessharplyrocketedandthendeclined.
C.Robinhoodisatechcompanyspecializainginmeetingdemandsforcybersecurity.
D.Theprospectsofthetechindustryaretoogloomytobeoptimistic.
14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fizzled“inparagraph3mean?
A.emergedB.benefitedC.failedD.sustained
15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastthreeparagraphs?
A.Digitalpaymentwasn'tavailabletoIndiansatalluntilthestartofcovid.
B.Inthepastyear,Amazonhasmainlydependedonitse-commercebusinessofprofits.
C.Intheshiftofworkingonline,cloudificationisnolongeroptional!
D.Themarketcapitalizationofthreelargestlistedcybersecurityfirmshaskeptrising.
16.Whatisthebesttitleofthearticle?
A.Techno-pessimistsRuletheLockdown.
B.TheLockdownIndexSoundstheAlarm.
C.EconomicDepressionIsArriving.
D.TechLosersandWinnersofthePandemic.
第二节、七选五(共5小题,每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多
余选项。
Live-streammarketing:Aruralrags-to-richesstory?(从贫穷到富裕的乡村的故事)
Formanyyears,qualityagriculturalproductswereunabletosellinfarawayprovinces.17It
preventedthemfromaccessingawider,urbanclient.Inmostcases,becausefarmersfailedtodirectlyreach
consumers,theirheavyphysicallaborresultedinverylittleincome.Inthisregard,live-streammarketingmay
appealtoyoungmigrantworkersandconvincethemtoreturnhomeinthecountryside.18
InYunnanProvince,southwestChina,live-streammarketingiscurrentlythemostpopularwayof
pushinglocalproductstoconsumersacrossthecountry.19Itisturningthesmartphoneintoanew
farmingtoolbyfashioningnewshoppingcenters.Live-streaminghasgreatlyboostedtheprovince'sproduce
salesinthepasttwoyears.Wenowhaveagreatbusinessmodelinplace,combiningproductswith
high-qualitylivestreamplatformsandsupportpackagesfromthegovernment.20Anyway,the
continuousdevelopmentoflive-streammarketingisreadytoplayabigroleinraisingruralincomesin
relativelybackwardprovinceslikeYunnan.E-commercelive-streamingisdoingprettywellnowadays,but
farmproduceonlyaccountsforasmallshare,mainlyduetothelackofexperiencedhostsandinfrastructurein
ruralareas.
21Howtogrowlivestreammarketingforfarmproducts?Shortvideosorlive-streams,thekey
istomeetconsumers9demand.High-qualityproductsalonearen'tenough;theymustconsiderbuyers9
preferencesaswell.
A.Therearisesaquestion.
B.Governmentpoliciesandguidanceshouldfollowup.
C.Theexpansionof5Gtechnologyisavitalcontribution.
D.Thebiggestbarrierislackofefficientmarketingchannels.
E.Chinahasatraditionofintensivecultivationandahugeruralpopulation.
F.Butweshouldestablishacompletesupplychainbasedonstrictstandards.
G.Oncebacktheycanintroducemoredigitallyadvancedapproachestoagriculturalmanagement.
第三节、完形填空。(共15小题,每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
SincethestartoftheSpaceAge,private-sector(私营部门)leadershavebeenissuingwarningsthata
centralizedmodelwoulddamageprogressonpublicand,especially,commercialprioritiesinspace.For
example,RalphCordiner,theone-timeCEOofGeneralElectric,foresawmuchofthespacedevelopment
whileforcefullyarguingthat,eventually,space's""developmentshallbeunderourtraditionalcompetitive
22_system.
Theeconomiclogicforthecentralizedmodelwasclear,andforseveraldecadesithas23itsgoals.
Publicgoodssuchasnationalsecurity,nationalpride,andbasicsciencearetypically24iflefttothe
market,andNASA(美国宇航局)wasfoundedtoprovidethemduringtheColdWar.Its
command-and-controlstructuregrewnaturallyfromthat25.
Underthismodel,theUnitedStateshasbeentheleadingspacepowerandNASAhasoccupiedthe
technologicalfrontier.ThesuccessoftheApollomissions,includingthe1969moonlanding,inspiredgrand
26ofwhatwouldcomenext.Intheearly1970s,studiesofspacecolonizationanddiversifiedspace-based
economies27.
ButafterthelastoftheApollomissionsin1972,NASA-andthustheUSspacesector-struggledto
findasecond28initsspacescript.PartofthereasonwasthatthetightconnectionbetweentheApollo
programandcompetitionwiththeSovietUnionmadeNASA'sbudgetvulnerable(脆弱的)tothesensethat
themissionhadalreadybeenaccomplished.ApolloastronautBuzzAldrinsaid,""AftertheApollolunar
missions,Americalostitsloveofspace——therewasnoconcentrated29_andwedidn'thaveanyclear
objectives^^.
WhenNASAdecidedthatitsnextemphasiswouldbeontheSpaceTransportationSystem,betterknown
astheShuttle,itappliedlargelythesame30approachithadusedinthe1960s.Thefirstflightofthe
Columbiaspaceshuttlewasin1981.Successiveshuttleflightsenabledtwodecadesofachievements,
includingtheconstructionoftheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)andHubbleSpaceTelescope,which31
Americantechnologicalcompetence.
Aftertwotragicaccidents,withtheChallengershuttlein1986andtheColumbiashuttlein2003,
momentum(势头)turnedawayfromtheShuttleandthecentralizedmodelofspaceit32.Theshuttle
programwascancelledin2011,leavingtheUnitedStatesinthe33positionofnotbeingabletolaunch
humansfromdomesticsoil.
Aninstructivecontrastisprovidedbythe34theUSgovernmenttooktothedevelopmentofthe
commercialsatellitemarket.In1962,CongresscreatedCOMSAT,afor-profit,privatecorporationownedby
commonshareholdersandagroupoftelecommunicationscompanies.NASAwasofficiallychargedwith
providing35advicetoCOMSAT,andtheagencywasgivenresponsibilityforCOMSAT'slaunches.The
ideabehindthispublic-private_36_wastoemploytheexpertiseofNASAtojump-startaprivate
communicationssatelliteindustry.Itledtotherapiddeploymentanduse-forbothpublicandprivate
purposes-ofthevastrangeofsatellitesthatdominatethespaceeconomytoday.
22.A.enterpriseB.employmentC.electricityD.justice
23.A.draftedB.attainedC.recognizedD.estimated
24.A.underprovidedB.underfoundedC.overpricedD.overused
25.A.investmentB.acquisitionC.frictionD.objective
26.A.evolutionB.conversionsC.visionsD.industrialization
27.A.recoveredB.thrivedC.ceasedD.failed
28.A.actB.planetC.interpretationD.animation
29.A.close-upB.warm-upC.follow-upD.dress-up
30.A.centralizedB.popularizedC.coinedD.mystified
31.A.stuffedB.admittedC.demonstratedD.overtook
32.A.accessedB.rejectedC.wrinkledD.represented
33.A.seniorB.navigableC.embarrassingD.harsh
34.A.riskB.routineC.approachD.advantage
35.A.legalB.technicalC.equalD.financial
36.A.partnershipB.debateC.meditationD.horizon
第四节、语法填空(共10小题,每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
ChinabeatSouthKorea3-2fromtwogoalsdowninthedramatic(戏剧性的)finaloftheAFCWomen's
AsianCuponSundaynight(Feb.6)and37(win)itsrecord-extending9thtitle.“38faith
hasacolor,itmustbeChinared!”TheChineseFootballAssociationsaidasitcongratulatedthesoccergirls
overthegame,nicknamingthem“steelroses(铿锵玫瑰),the39(proud)ofChina,“ascountless
soccer40(fan)shedtearsbehindthescenes.DespitebeingtwogoalsbehindSouthKoreainthe
firsthalf,theChinesewomen's41(nation)footballteamscoredthreeinthesecondhalfwithtwo
goalsscoredinjustfiveminutes.HeadcoachShuiQingxiasaidatapressconferencebeforethegamethat"the
wholeteamisadjusting42(physical)andmentallytoprepareforallkindsofdifficultiesinthe
final.9,Sheburst43,tearsattheteam'svictory,andwasnicknamedbynetizensas“eternalGod“after
boldly(大月旦地)44(replace)theexperiencedbutinjuredplayerWangShuangwiththeyoungplayer
ZhangLinyaninthesecondhalf.Zhangscoredthesecondgoalfortheteam11minutesafterthereplacement.
“Despitebeingtwogoalsbehindinthefirsthalf,wekeptencouraging45(we)toattackandattack
becauseweknowwecanwinthemback.Wehavegrownintoacompletelynewteamaftergoingthroughso
manythingslastyear.Wecamehere46(seek)thechampionshipwithfullconfidenc
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