河南省开封市2024届高三冲刺模拟英语试卷含解析

河南省开封市2024届高三冲刺模拟英语试卷请考生注意：1．请用2B铅笔将选择题答案涂填在答题纸相应位置上，请用0．5毫米及以上黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将主观题的答案写在答题纸相应的答题区内。写在试题卷、草稿纸上均无效。2．答题前，认真阅读答题纸上的《注意事项》，按规定答题。第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．Theyoungman,________inheavytrafficontheway,gothomeanhourlaterthanusual.A．catching B．caught.C．havingcaught D．tobecaught2．Aftersevenhours’drive,theyreached______theythoughtwastheplacetheyhadbeendreamingof.A．that B．whatC．where D．which3．Itisnotsurprisingthatshewaselected______monitor;sheis______verysmartgirlwhohastheabilitytoorganizetheclasswell.A．/;the B．/;aC．a;a D．the;/4．Hawkingbelievestheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet_____lifehasdevelopedgradually.A．that B．whyC．where D．whose5．Thebusinessmanstudiedthemarketinhishometowntofindthe____forinvestment.A．potential B．reservation C．criterion D．allowance6．Myfriendwarnedme______goingtotheEastCoastbecauseitwascrowdedwithtourists.A．by B．against C．on D．for7．Thesurveyshowsthatspeedatleast30percentofroadtrafficanddeaths.A．contributestoB．resultsfromC．liesinD．relieson8．Ifthenewsecuritysystem______intoeffect,suchaccidentswouldneverhavehappened.A．wouldbeput B．wereput C．shouldbeput D．hadbeenput9．Thechurchwhichiseasily________frommyhomeisbeingrebuilt.A．accessibleB．availableC．acceptableD．responsible10．Comparisonmaymakesomethingappearmorebeautifulthanitiswhen_____alone．A．seen B．seeing C．see D．tosee11．--Areyouhappywiththislaboratory?--Notalittle.Wecan’thave________.A．aworseone B．anicerone C．aworstone D．anicestone12．Theycarryout________checksonmilkproductstomakesurethattheyareofhighquality.A．commonB．naturalC．ordinaryD．regular13．—Jackshouldhavecalmeddownattheparty!—Butthekidsmadesomuchnoisethathecouldn’thelpbut_______.A．facethemusicB．eatlikeabirdC．mendhiswaysD．flyoffthehandle14．Wechatintendstoradicallychangetheway______peopleusemobilephones.A．/ B．which C．why D．who15．Itwasadifficultjobforhim.Hehadtriedeverythingbutitmadelittle________.A．use B．goodC．difference D．result16．_____annoystheteachermostisthatallthestudentsaretooquietinclass.A．WhatB．ThatC．WhenD．Who17．Thepopularityofgovernmentpostshasdroppedinrecentyears,thoughthecivilservicejobsarestillfavoredbytheChineseastheyoffera_______stablecareer.A．relatively B．regularlyC．roughly D．rigidly18．---Hi,Betty,areyoufreeatpresent?Ihavetoaskyouforafavor．----_____．Withpleasure．A．Sorry,Iambusy B．GoaheadC．Helpyourself D．Ask,please19．Withoutyourhelp,I________thefirstprizeintheEnglishSpeakingContest.A．won’tget B．didn’tgetC．wouldn’tget D．wouldn’thavegot20．Obviously,agoodhabithelpustospeeduptoreachourdestinations.A．need B．must C．can D．shall第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21．（6分）AbusinessschoolinPariswillsoonbeginusingartificialintelligenceandfacialanalysistodeterminewhetherstudentsarepayingattentioninclass.Thesoftware,calledNestor,isusedintwoonlineclassesattheESGbusinessschoolbeginninginSeptember.Theidea,accordingtoLCAfounderMarcelSaucet,istousethedatathatNestorcollectstoimprovetheperformanceofbothstudentsandprofessors.Thesoftwareusesstudentswebcams（网络摄像机）toanalyzeeyemovementsandfacialexpressionsanddeterminewhetherstudentsarepayingattentiontoavideolecture.Itthenformulatesquizzesbasedonthecontentcoveredduringmomentsofinattentiveness.Professorswouldalsobeabletoidentifymomentswhenstudents’attentiondeclined,whichcouldhelptoimprovetheirteaching,Saucetsays.AdvocatesforAIineducationsaythatthesoftwareisactuallyunabletoteachacourse,butthetechnologycouldbeusedasadigitaltutorthatwouldadapttoastudent’sindividualneeds,andhelpdevelopmoreeffectivestudyinghabits.Suchsoftwarecouldalsohelpteachersbyprovidingfeedbackontheeffectivenessoftheirteaching,advocatessay.SaucetsaysNestorwon’tstoreanyofthevideofootageitgetsandthathiscompanyhasnoplanstosellanyotherdatathesoftwarecollects.Inadditiontofacialrecognitionandanalysis,thesoftwarecanintegrate（合并）withstudents’calendarstosuggestpossiblestudytimes,andtracktheironlinebehaviortopickuponpatterns.RoseLuckin,aprofessorattheUniversityCollegeLondonKnowledgeLab,saysAIcouldunlockthe“blackboxoflearning”byprovidinginformationonhowandwhenlearninghappens.LuckinsaysaprogramlikeNestorcouldbeusefulforstudentswhotakeclassesremotely,since“thereisn’tahumantherewatchingthem.”AndwhilesomeareconcernedthatAImayonedayreplaceteachers,Luckinseesthetechnologymoreasanassistant,ratherthanareplacement.Saucetagrees.“Humancontactisnotgoingtogoaway,”hesays.“Therewillalwaysbeprofessors.”1、HowdoesNestorworktofindoutwhenstudentsaren’tpayingattention?A．Bycollectingthedataofstudents’performanceindifferentclasses.B．Bycollectingthestudents’gradesinthequizzes.C．Byshootingandanalyzingstudents’eyemovementsandfacialexpressions..D．Byidentifyingmomentswhenstudents’attentiondeclined.2、WhichisthebenefitofAIeducation?A．Itcouldbeusedexactlytoreplaceatutor.B．Ithelpsstudenttodevelopmoreeffectivestudyinghabits.C．Thesoftwareisabletosatisfytherequirementofacourse.D．Itcouldhelpteacherstogivefeedbackonstudentsperformance..3、HowdoesNestordealwiththeinformationcollectedfromstudents?A．Nestorwilluseittosuggestpossiblestudytimetostudents’schedule.B．Itwon’tstoreanyvideofootagebutfacialexpression.C．Thecompanyhasn’texpectedtomakeprofitsbysellingthedatatoothercorporations..D．Nestorwilluseittokeeptrackonlineofstudents’behaviorandpunishthem.4、WhatisRoseLuckin’sattitudetowardsthereplacementofteacherswithAI?A．Objective.B．Approving.C．Indifferent.D．Opposed.22．（8分）OctobersixteenthisWorldFoodDay.ThisdayisalsotheanniversaryoftheUnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrganization(F.A．O.).TheUNagencyleadsinternationaleffortstodefeatworldhunger.Itwascreatedin1945.TheF.A．O.saysmorethanonehundredfiftycountriesaretoholdspecialeventstocelebrateWorldFoodDay.AtF.A．O.headquartersinRome,forexample,runnerswillcompeteinafive-kilometerracethroughthecity’shistoricalarea.Eventsinothercountriesincludediscussionsamongexperts,pressconferencesandmusicalprograms.Themessageofthisyear’sWorldFoodDayis“investinginagricultureforfoodsecurity”.TheF.A．O.says,“Duringtheearly1990s,theforeignaidforagriculturewasninethousandmilliondollarseachyear.Butnow,ithasdeclinedtolessthanfivethousandmilliondollarsayear.”Yet,theF.A．O.estimatesthatmorethaneighthundredandfiftymillionpeoplearoundtheworlddonotgetenoughfood.TheUNagencynotesthatseventypercentoftheworld’shungryliesinthefarmerswhogrowsmallamountoffood.Manyalsofaceproblemsoffeedingthemselves.TheF.A．O.saysagriculturalaidcouldhelpsmallfarmersmakeaprofitfromtheircrops.Farmerswouldalsobeabletofeedtheirfamiliesthroughouttheyearandre-investintheirfarms.Theycouldbuybetterseeds,equipmentandchemicalfertilizerstohelptheircropsgrow.MuhammadYunis.thewinneroftheNobelPeacePrizeforhiseffortstoimprovethelivesofpoorpeople,aswellashisBangladeshmicrofinanceorganization,theGrameenBank,haslentsmallamountofmoneytopoorpeoplewhoareunabletogettraditionalloans,especiallywomen.MinisterYunissaysthatheplanstogivehisshareoftheonemillionthreehundredthousanddollarsNobelawardtogoodcauses.Hesayshewantstoestablishaneyehospitalandstartaprojecttoproducelow-costfoodforthepoor.1、TocelebratetheWorldFoodDay,howmanykindsofactivitiesarementionedinthepassage?A．Two. B．Three.C．Four. D．Five.2、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A．TheF.A．O.isestablishedtoinvestinagricultureforfoodsecurity.B．Theforeignaidforagriculturehasreducedbynearly50％inrecentdecades.C．TheGrameenBankhasprovidedlargeamountofloansforpoorfarmers.D．YuniswilldonatehisentireNobelawardtohelpsolvethehungerforthepoor.3、Withagriculturalaid,farmerscan_________________.A．promotetheproductionofcrops B．producelow-costfoodC．investmoneyinotherfields D．helptoimprovecropseeds4、Thewriterwrotethepassagemainlyto____________.A．giveanintroductionoftheF.A．O.B．informusofthesituationsoftheworldfoodC．appealformoreinvestmentonagricultureD．showhowtodealwiththeworld’shunger23．（8分）Somecolorspeopleseelateatnightcouldcausesignsofclinical(临床的)depression(沮丧).Thatwasthefindingofastudythatbuildsonearlierstudyfindings.Theyshowthatindividuals(个人)wholiveorworkinlowlevelsoflightovernight(整夜)candevelopclinicaldepression.Doctorsusetheword“clinicaldepression”todescribesevereformofdepression.Signsmayincludelossofinterestorpleasureinmostactivities,lowenergylevelsandthoughtsofdeathorsuicide.Inthenewstudy,Americaninvestigatorsdesignedanexperimentthatexposedhamsters(仓鼠)todifferentcolors.Theresearcherschosehamstersbecausetheyarenocturnal,whichmeanstheysleepduringthedayandareactiveatnight.Theanimalswereseparatedintofourgroups.Onegroupofhamsterswaskeptinthedarkduringtheirnight-timeperiod.Anothergroupwasplacedinfrontofabluelight,athirdgroupsleptinfrontofawhitelight,whileafourthwasputinfrontofaredlight.Afterfourweeks,theresearchersnotedhowmuchsugarywaterthehamstersdrank.Theyfoundthatthemostdepressedanimalsdranktheleastamountofwater.RandyNelsonheadstheDepartmentofNeuroscienceatOhioStateUniversity.Hesaysanimalsthatsleptinblueandwhitelightappearedtobethemostdepressed.“Whatwesawisthattheseanimalsdidn’tshowanysleepuneasiness(不安)atallbuttheydidmessupbiologicalclockgenesandtheydidshowdepressivesignwhileiftheywereinthedim(微弱)redlight,theydidnot.”RandyNelsonnotesthatphotosensitive(感光)cellsintheeyeshavelittletodowitheyesight.Hesaysthesecellssendsignalstotheareaofthebrainthatcontrolswhathasbeencalledthenaturalsleep-wakecycle.Hesaysthere’salotofblueinwhitelight.Thisexplainswhythebluelightandwhitelighthamstersappeartobemoredepressedthanthehamstersseeingredlightordarkness.1、Researchersusehamstersintheexperimentbecause__________.A．theyaresimilartohumansindealingwithcolorsB．theyareeasytoobserveandstudyC．theyaresensitivetocolorslikehumanbeingsD．theyareactiveatnightandsleepduringtheday2、Whatsignshowsthatthehamstersarebeingdepressed?A．Theydrinklesssugarywater.B．Theydon’tsleepwell.C．Theireyesightbecomesworse.D．Theirenergylevelbecomeslow.3、__________tendstocausehamsterstobedepressed.A．Dimlight B．RedlightC．Bluelight D．Darkness4、Whatcanhelppeoplewhoworklateatnighttoavoidbeingdepressed?A．Notbeingexposedtodimredlightwhenusingcomputers.B．Equippingtheircomputerscreenstoputitmoreinthereddishlight.C．Livingorworkinginlowlevelsoflightovernight.D．Goingtoseedoctorsofclinicaldepressionregularlyforhelp.24．（8分）Sleeprepairsthebodyandthemindandhelpspreventdiseasebystrengtheningtheimmunesystem.However,manyadultsdonotgeteighthoursofsleepeachnight.Theaverageadulttodaygetsonly6.4hoursofsleep.Onlyinrecentyearshavehealthprofessionalsbeguntorealizetheseriousnessofsleepdeprivationintheworkingpopulation.Asignificantnumberofpeopleworkatnight,worklonghours,orsufferfromsleeplessnessorjetlag.Studiesshowthatthebrainisnegativelyaffectedbysleepdeprivationbecausecertainpatternsofelectricalandchemicalactivitythatoccurduringsleepareinterruptedandthebraincannotfunctionnormally.Inonestudy,thirteenhealthyadultsubjects(实验对象)whousuallyhadnormalsleeppatternswerekeptawakeandcarefullymonitoredinalabduringaperiodof35hours.Duringtheexperiment,thesubjectswereaskedtoperformseveraltasks,suchasmathematicsandwordproblems,whileundergoingscansoftheirbrainactivity.Theresearchersfoundthatthetemporallobe(颞叶)ofthebrain,theregioninvolvedinlanguageprocessing,wasactiveduringspeechtasksinrestedsubjectsbutnotinsubjectswholackedenoughsleep.Afterseveralhourswithoutsleep,therewasnoactivitywithinthisregion.Severalstudiesshowthatgettingfewerthansixhoursofsleepcandamageshort-termmemoryandreactiontime—thuscausingaseriousriskofaccident.Inonestudyofdrivers,researchersreportedthatsleepdeprivationhadthesameeffectsasbeingdrunk.Theyfoundthatpeoplewhodroveafterbeingawakefor17hoursperformedworsethanthosewithabloodalcohollevelof0.5percent,thelegallimitfordrunkdrivinginmostwesternEuropeancountries.Theresearchersconcludedthatcountrieswithdrunkdrivinglawsshouldconsidersimilarrestrictionsagainstsleep-depriveddriving.1、Theunderlinedword"deprivation"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto_______.A．weaknessB．lossC．discomfortD．pain2、ThepassagementionsallofthefollowingascausesofsleepdeprivationEXCEPT______.A．jetlagB．longworkhoursC．boringworkD．workingatnight3、ThepurposeofthestudydescribedinParagraph2wastodetermine_________.A．howmanyhourspeoplecansurvivewithoutsleepB．howpeoplereactwhentheirsleepisinterruptedC．thechangesinbrainactivitythatoccursduringsleepD．theeffectsofsleepdeprivationonbrainactivity4、WhydoestheauthormentionbloodalcohollevelinParagraph3?A．Toshowhowsleepdeprivationreducesthebloodalcohollevel.B．Toshowthatsleepdeprivationhasthesamedangerouseffectsasbeingdrunk.C．Tosuggestthatsleep-depriveddriversarealsolikelytodrink.D．Toargueagainstraisingthelegallimitfordrunkdriving.25．（10分）ThelatestIPCCreportdoesnotmincewords(直言不讳地)aboutthestateofourplanet:wemustactnowtoachieveglobalchangeatascalethathas“nodocumentedhistoricalprecedent(先例)”inordertoavoidtheclimatedisasterthatwouldresultfroma2degreeCriseinaverageglobaltemperature.Climatechangealreadyaffectstheworld'smosthelplesspeopleincludingpoorruralcommunitiesthatdependonthelandfortheirlivingsandcoastalcommunities.Indeed,wehavealreadyseentheclearasymmetry(不对称)ofsufferingresultingfromextremeweatherevents,suchashurricanes,floods,droughts,wildfiresandmore.Sofar,advocatesandpoliticianshavetendedtofocusonreducingfossilfuel(矿物燃料)consumptionthroughtechnologyand/orpolicy,suchasasharpcarbontax,asclimatesolutions.Theseproposalsare,ofcourse,essentialtoreducingmanmadecarbonemissions(排放)-71percentofwhichareproducedbyjust100fossilfuelcompanies.Yettheinternationalfocusonfossilfuelshasovershadowed(使......显得不重要)themostpowerfulandcost-efficientcarbon-capturetechnologytheworldhasyetseen:forests.Recentscientificresearchconfirmsthatforestsandother“naturalclimatesolutions”areabsolutelyessentialinreducingclimatechange.Infact,naturalclimatesolutionscanhelpusachieve37percentofourclimatetarget,eventhoughtheycurrentlyreceiveonly2.5percentofpublicclimatefinancing.Forests'powertostorecarbondioxidethroughthesimpleprocessoftreegrowthisstaggering:_onetreecanevenstoreanaverageofabout48poundsofcarbondioxideinoneyear.RecentresearchshowundamagedforestsarecapableofstoringthesameamountofthecarbondioxideemissionsofentirecountriessuchasPeruandColombia.Forthisreason,policymakersandbusinessleadersmustcreateandstrengthenambitiouspoliciestopreventdeforestation,andsupportthesustainablemanagementofstandingforestsinthefightagainstclimatechange.Protectingtheworld'sforestsensurestheycancontinuetoprovideessentialfunctionsasidefromclimatestability,includingproducingoxygen,filteringwaterandsupportingbiodiversity.Notonlydoalltheworld'speopledependonforeststoprovidecleanair,cleanwater，oxygen,andmedicines,but1.6billionpeoplerelyonthemdirectlyfortheirlivelihoods.1、Accordingtothepassage,climatechange________.A．willsurelyachieveatascalethatismoreseriousthaneverbeforeB．willonlyaffectpeoplelivinginthepoorestruralregionsC．islikelytoleadtomorefrequentextremeweathereventsD．isentirelydeterminedbyfossilfuelconsumption2、What'sthefindingofthenewresearch?A．Reducingfossilfuelsisthemostpowerfulandcost-efficienttechnology.B．Forestsarevitaltoreducingclimatechangeduetotheirstoragepower.C．Mostofourclimatetargetscanbeaccomplishedwiththehelpofnaturalclimatesolutions.D．Naturalclimatesolutionshaveprovedlessefficientthanconventionalsolutions.3、Theunderlinedword“staggering”inParagraph4means________.A．astonishingB．speedingC．embarrassingD．shrinking4、What'stheauthor'spurposeofwritingthisarticle?A．Tocomparetwodifferentapproachestodealingwithclimatechange.B．Toargueagainsttheviewthatfocusonfossilfuelsreductioncounts.C．Tourgescientiststodomoreresearchintonaturalclimatesolutions.D．Topointoutforestsarethemostpowerfulweaponforfightingclimatechange.第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．26．（30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出适合填入对应空白处的最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。Iwasaten-year-oldgirllivingwithmyparentsandfour-year-oldbrotherinMadrid,Spain.Wehad1ourcountryCubajustafewmonthsbefore.TheChristmasseasonarrived.TheCorteInglesDepartmentstorehadashinyred2thatcircledthetown,3itshorn(喇叭)ateveryturn.Myyoungerbrother,Santiago,hadneverseenit.However,4wereconsideredaluxury(奢侈)thenformyfamilyandwereveryhardto5Mybrotherfellinlovewithit.Everydayhewouldpushhisnose6theglassinthewindow.Myparents’painwas7astheylookedattheirson’s8face.ButIdidn’twantto9theinnocenceofafour-year-old.Sonexttime,Ipulledhimaside.“Santiago,youknowthatweleftourcountryandweareinastrangeland”Isaid.“10weareonlyhereinMadridforalittlewhile,Santaprobablydoesn’thaveour11”Ialsotoldhimthatoncewe12intheUnitedStates,Santawouldfindusonceagain.Muchtomysurprise,heacceptedmy13withoutquestion.Ayearlater,welivedinUnionCity,NewJersey.Bothmyparentswereworkinginfactoriestomakeendsmeet.SantiagoandIwere14anewschoolandquicklylearningEnglish.ThatChristmaswas15,butmyparentsboughtasilver-coloredChristmastree.OnChristmasDay,Iwokeupearly,andtomysurpriseand16,Ifoundseveralpresentsunderthetree.Mybrother17asquarebox.Insidewasashiny,brand-newtrain!It18theonethathadsoattractedmybrotherayearbefore.Santiago’sface19liketheChristmastree.Helookedatmyparentsandme,happyandsurprised.“Youwere20!”mybrothertoldmeeagerly,“Santafoundouraddress.”1、A．reached B．visited C．left D．missed2、A．light B．car C．bike D．train3、A．sounding B．pressing C．turning D．making4、A．clothes B．decorations C．meals D．toys5、A．find B．get C．search D．exhibit6、A．beneath B．against C．above D．under7、A．obvious B．weak C．strange D．puzzling8、A．fearful B．hopeful C．ambitious D．nervous9、A．realize B．solve C．expect D．destroy10、A．Since B．Whether C．Although D．When11、A．telephone B．names C．address D．permission12、A．allowed B．determined C．settled D．devoted13、A．directions B．instructions C．excuse D．explanation14、A．applyingfor B．adaptingto C．lookingfor D．waitingfor15、A．expensive B．depressing C．colorful D．simple16、A．sorrow B．worry C．care D．delight17、A．threw B．designed C．opened D．hid18、A．resembled B．meant C．recognized D．called19、A．turnedup B．cameup C．litup D．wentup20、A．surprised B．right C．wrong D．kin第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。27．（15分）Thereareseveralreasonswhyschooluniformsaregoodidea.Firstofall,uniformshelptheschoollooksmart.Thestudentsfeelthattheybelongtoaparticulargroup.Wheneverypupilintheschoolwearstheuniform,nobody1．(have)toworryaboutfashion(时尚).Everybodywears2．samestyleofclothes.Uniformscanbeusefulinunexpectedways.AschoolinIrelandhasintroducedaninterestingnewuniform.Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth3．givesofflightinthedark.Whenthechildrenarewalkingor4．(cycle)toschoolondarkmornings,cardriverscan5．(easy)seethem.Butcanuniformshelpimproveschoolstandards?Theanswer6．thisquestionisnotclear.OnestudyinAmericafoundthatstudents’grades7．(improve)alittleaftertheschoolintroduceduniforms.Butsomestudentsdidn’twant8．(wear)theuniform.OtherAmericanstudiesshowedno9．(connect)betweenuniformsandschoolperformance.Schooluniformsare10．(tradition)inBritain,butsomeschoolsarestartingtogetridofthem.Someverygoodschoolsdon’thaveauniformpolicy.However,uniformsarestillpopular.Pupilsatabout90percentofBritishsecondaryschoolswearuniforms.第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）28．（10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下短文。短文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。WhenIwasintheGradeOne,IwasterriblepoorinEnglish.BesleepyinclasswasoneofthereasonswhyIrarelydidwellinschool.OnceIevenfailedinamid-termexam.WhileIgotthepapers,IrealizedthatthingswouldbebetterifIlistenedtotheteacherattentively.Myteachertoldme,"Yesterdayishistory.Todayisagift.IfyouburyyouintoEnglishnow,you'llmakeit."Ican'tagreemuch.Fromthenon,Ibegantostudyharder.Outofmyexpectation,Imadegreatachievementsoon.Today,Englishiswhichmystrengthlies.AndI'mgratefulformyEnglis