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专题04巧用中点解决几何问题一、【知识回顾】方法与技巧:中点问题常见辅助线做法①遇到三角形边上的中点,考虑构造三角形的中位线②遇到直角三角形斜边的中点,考虑直角三角形斜边的中线性质③遇到等腰三角形底边的中点,考虑等腰三角形“三线合一”的性质④遇到中点+垂线,角平分线+垂线,考虑垂直平分线的性质⑤遇到面积类型题,考虑三角形中线平分面积⑥遇到线段数量关系,考虑倍长中线构造全等三角形二、【考点类型】考点1:构造三角形的中位线典例1:(2022秋·四川眉山·九年级校考期中)如图,SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,点E是SKIPIF1<0的中点,若SKIPIF1<0平分SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,线段SKIPIF1<0的长为(
)A.1cm B.2cm C.3cm D.4cm【变式1】(2022秋·山东济宁·九年级济宁市第十五中学统考期末)如图,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0平分SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0于点E,点F是SKIPIF1<0的中点,若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,则SKIPIF1<0的长为(
).A.2 B.3 C.4 D.5【变式2】(2022春·全国·八年级假期作业)已知:如图,在SKIPIF1<0中,中线SKIPIF1<0交于点SKIPIF1<0分别是SKIPIF1<0的中点.求证:(1)SKIPIF1<0;(2)SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0互相平分.【变式3】(2021·全国·九年级专题练习)如图,在Rt△ABC中,∠ACB=90°,点D,E分别是边AB,AC的中点,延长BC到点F,使CF=SKIPIF1<0BC.连结CD、EF,那么CD与EF相等吗?请证明你的结论.考点2:直角三角形斜边的鹅中线典例2:(2022秋·福建福州·八年级统考期中)如图,在一块含SKIPIF1<0角的三角板(SKIPIF1<0)的顶点SKIPIF1<0处作SKIPIF1<0,垂足为SKIPIF1<0.在SKIPIF1<0的右侧作SKIPIF1<0使SKIPIF1<0,连接SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的延长线交SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0.设SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,则下列式子成立的是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【变式1】(2022秋·新疆乌鲁木齐·九年级校考期中)如图,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0内部的一个动点,且满足SKIPIF1<0,则线段SKIPIF1<0长的最小值为(
)A.2 B.1 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【变式2】(2022秋·广西贵港·九年级统考期中)如图,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,由图中的尺规作图痕迹得到的射线SKIPIF1<0与SKIPIF1<0交于点E,点F为SKIPIF1<0的中点,连接SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,则SKIPIF1<0的周长为(
)A.SKIPIF1<0+1 B.SKIPIF1<0+2 C.2SKIPIF1<0+2 D.2SKIPIF1<0+3【变式3】(2021·广东广州·统考中考真题)如图,在四边形ABCD中,SKIPIF1<0,点E是AC的中点,且SKIPIF1<0(1)尺规作图:作SKIPIF1<0的平分线AF,交CD于点F,连结EF、BF(保留作图痕迹,不写作法);(2)在(1)所作的图中,若SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,证明:SKIPIF1<0为等边三角形.考点3:等腰三角形三线合一性质典例3:(2023秋·江西南昌·八年级统考期末)如图所示,SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0于点E,SKIPIF1<0于点D,交SKIPIF1<0于F.(1)若SKIPIF1<0,求SKIPIF1<0的度数;(2)若点F是SKIPIF1<0的中点,求证:SKIPIF1<0.【变式1】(2020·内蒙古赤峰·统考中考真题)如图,SKIPIF1<0中,AB=AC,AD是∠BAC的平分线,EF是AC的垂直平分线,交AD于点O.若OA=3,则SKIPIF1<0外接圆的面积为(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【变式2】(2022秋·浙江杭州·八年级统考期末)如图,在△ABC中,AB=AC,AD平分∠BAC,DE⊥AB于E点,DF⊥AC于点F,则下列四个结论:①AD上任意一点到AB,AC两边的距离相等;②AD⊥BC且BD=CD;③∠BDE=∠CDF;④AE=AF.其中正确的有()A.②③ B.①③ C.①②④ D.①②③④【变式3】(2022秋·吉林长春·八年级校考阶段练习)如图所示,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,直线EF是AB的垂直平分线,D是BC的中点,M是EF上一个动点,SKIPIF1<0的面积为12,SKIPIF1<0,则SKIPIF1<0周长的最小值是_______________.考点4:垂直平分线性质典例4:(2022·新疆乌鲁木齐·校考一模)如图,在矩形ABCD中,AB=4cm,对角线AC与BD相交于点O,DE⊥AC,垂足为E,AE=3CE,则DE的长为(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.2cm C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【变式1】(2021·四川内江·统考中考真题)如图,矩形SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,对角线SKIPIF1<0的垂直平分线SKIPIF1<0交SKIPIF1<0于点SKIPIF1<0、交SKIPIF1<0于点SKIPIF1<0,则线段SKIPIF1<0的长为__.【变式2】(2020·江西·统考中考真题)如图,SKIPIF1<0平分SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的延长线交SKIPIF1<0于点SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,则SKIPIF1<0的度数为__________.【变式3】(2020·江苏连云港·中考真题)如图,在四边形SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,对角线SKIPIF1<0的垂直平分线与边SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0分别相交于SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0.(1)求证:四边形SKIPIF1<0是菱形;(2)若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,求菱形SKIPIF1<0的周长.考点5:中线平分面积典例5:(2022秋·安徽滁州·八年级校考阶段练习)如图,SKIPIF1<0的面积为SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0垂直SKIPIF1<0的平分线SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0,则SKIPIF1<0的面积为(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【变式1】(2021秋·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·八年级统考期末)如图,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0平分SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0于点P,已知SKIPIF1<0的面积为SKIPIF1<0,则阴影部分的面积为(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【变式2】(2021秋·福建福州·八年级福建省福州延安中学校考期中)如图,△ABC中,AC=DC=3,AD平分∠BAC,BD⊥AD于D,E为AC的中点,则图中两个阴影部分面积之差的最大值为(
)A.1.5 B.3 C.4.5 D.6【变式3】(2023春·江苏·八年级阶段练习)如图,在平行四动形纸板SKIPIF1<0中,点SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0分别为SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的中点,连接SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.将一飞镖随机投掷到平行四边形纸板上,则飞镖落在阴影部分的概率为________.考点6:倍长中线,构全等典例6:(2022秋·甘肃定西·八年级统考期中)如图,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0边上的中线,则SKIPIF1<0的取值范围是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【变式1】(2021秋·河南信阳·八年级校考期中)如图,已知AC平分∠DAB,CE⊥AB于E,AB=AD+2BE,则下列结论:①AB+AD=2AE;②∠DAB+∠DCB=180°;③CD=CB;④S△ACE﹣2S△BCE=S△ADC;其中正确结论的个数是()A.1个 B.2个 C.3个 D.4个【变式2】(2022秋·浙江杭州·八年级校联考阶段练习)如图,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,D为边AB的中点,E、F分别为边AC、BC上的点,且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,则SKIPIF1<0______SKIPIF1<0,线段AB的长度SKIPIF1<0______.【变式3】(2022秋·山东滨州·八年级统考期中)如图,四边形ABCD中,∠BAD=120°,∠B=∠D=90°,在BC、CD上分别找一点M、N,使△AMN周长最小时,则∠AMN+∠ANM的度数是________.巩固训练一、单选题1.(2020秋·湖北黄石·八年级黄石八中校考期中)如图,AD是△ABC的中线,E是AD上一点,延长BE交AC于F,若BE=AC,BF=9,CF=6,则AF的长度为(
)A.1 B.1.5 C.2 D.32.(2023·全国·九年级专题练习)如图,在四边形SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,点SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的中点,则SKIPIF1<0的长为(
).A.2 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.33.(2021春·浙江杭州·八年级杭州外国语学校校考期中)如图,在▱ABCD中,BE垂直平分CD于点E,且∠BAD=45°,AD=3,则▱ABCD的对角线AC的长为()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.5SKIPIF1<0 C.5SKIPIF1<0 D.2SKIPIF1<04.(2022秋·浙江宁波·八年级校联考期中)如图,O为数轴原点,A,B两点分别对应SKIPIF1<0、3,作腰长为4的等腰SKIPIF1<0,连接SKIPIF1<0,以O为圆心,SKIPIF1<0长为半径画弧交数轴于点M,则点M对应的实数为()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.4 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.2.55.(2023秋·广东惠州·八年级校考期末)如图,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0于点SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0为SKIPIF1<0的中点,SKIPIF1<0为SKIPIF1<0上一动点.若SKIPIF1<0腰上的中线长是3.则SKIPIF1<0周长的最小值为()A.4 B.5 C.6 D.76.(2022秋·江苏无锡·八年级校联考期中)如图,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,点D是BC的中点,将SKIPIF1<0沿AD翻折得到SKIPIF1<0,连结BE,则线段BE的长为()A.2 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<07.(2023秋·四川雅安·九年级校考期中)如图,在SKIPIF1<0中,点SKIPIF1<0分别是边SKIPIF1<0的中点,点SKIPIF1<0是线段SKIPIF1<0上的一点,连接SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,则SKIPIF1<0的长是(
)A.3 B.4 C.5 D.68.(2023·河北秦皇岛·统考一模)如图,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,将SKIPIF1<0绕顶点C顺时针旋转得到SKIPIF1<0,D是SKIPIF1<0的中点,连接BD,若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,则线段SKIPIF1<0的最大值为(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.3 D.49.(2022春·浙江杭州·九年级校考阶段练习)如图,在SKIPIF1<0中,中线SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0相交于点O,连接SKIPIF1<0,则SKIPIF1<0的面积与SKIPIF1<0的面积比是()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.2 D.410.(2022春·江苏南京·八年级校考期中)如图,四边形SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0与SKIPIF1<0不平行,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0分别是SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0的中点,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,则SKIPIF1<0的长可能是(
)A.4 B.6 C.8 D.1011.(2023春·江苏·八年级专题练习)如图,在正SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,连接SKIPIF1<0,若M、N分别为线段SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0的中点,则线段SKIPIF1<0的长度等于()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.312.(2023春·江苏·八年级专题练习)如图,已知四边形SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,点E、F分别是边SKIPIF1<0的中点,连接SKIPIF1<0,则SKIPIF1<0的长是()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.5 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.1013.(2022秋·广东梅州·九年级校考开学考试)如图,射线SKIPIF1<0射线CD,SKIPIF1<0与SKIPIF1<0的平分线交于点E,SKIPIF1<0,点P是射线AB上的一动点,连结PE并延长交射线CD于点SKIPIF1<0给出下列结论:SKIPIF1<0是直角三角形;SKIPIF1<0;SKIPIF1<0设SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,则y关于x的函数表达式是SKIPIF1<0,其中正确的是SKIPIF1<0
SKIPIF1<0A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<014.(2023春·八年级课时练习)如图,在正方形SKIPIF1<0中,点E,G分别在SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0边上,且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,连接SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0平分SKIPIF1<0,过点C作SKIPIF1<0于点F,连接SKIPIF1<0,若正方形的边长为4,则SKIPIF1<0的长度是()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<015.(2023春·八年级课时练习)如图,在SKIPIF1<0ABC中,点E在边AC上,EB=EA,∠A=2∠CBE,延长BD到F,使DF=DB,连接CF,过点C作CD⊥BF于点D,BD=16,AC=22,则边BC的长为()A.8SKIPIF1<0 B.9SKIPIF1<0 C.10SKIPIF1<0 D.12SKIPIF1<0二、填空题16.(2020·天津·中考真题)如图,SKIPIF1<0的顶点C在等边SKIPIF1<0的边SKIPIF1<0上,点E在SKIPIF1<0的延长线上,G为SKIPIF1<0的中点,连接SKIPIF1<0.若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,则SKIPIF1<0的长为_______.17.(2021·全国·九年级专题练习)如图,在直角坐标系中,⊙A的半径为2,圆心坐标为(4,0),y轴上有点B(0,3),点C是⊙A上的动点,点P是BC的中点,则OP的范围是_____.18.(2022春·九年级课时练习)如图,在半径为3的⊙O中,AB是直径,AC是弦,D是SKIPIF1<0的中点,AC与BD交于点E.若E是BD的中点,则AC的长是_______.19.(2022·天津·统考中考真题)如图,已知菱形SKIPIF1<0的边长为2,SKIPIF1<0,E为SKIPIF1<0的中点,F为SKIPIF1<0的中点,SKIPIF1<0与SKIPIF1<0相交于点G,则SKIPIF1<0的长等于___________.20.(2021·甘肃武威·统考中考真题)如图,在矩形SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0边上一点,SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0边的中点,SKIPIF1<0,则SKIPIF1<0________SKIPIF1<0.21.(2021·四川内江·统考中考真题)如图,矩形SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,点SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0轴正半轴上,点SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0轴正半轴上.当点SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0轴上运动时,点SKIPIF1<0也随之在SKIPIF1<0轴上运动,在这个运动过程中,点SKIPIF1<0到原点SKIPIF1<0的最大距离为__.22.(2022秋·九年级单元测试)如图,SKIPIF1<0的半径为2,圆心SKIPIF1<0的坐标为SKIPIF1<0,点SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0上的任意一点,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0与SKIPIF1<0轴分别交于SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0两点,若点SKIPIF1<0、点SKIPIF1<0关于原点对称,当线段SKIPIF1<0最短时,点SKIPIF1<0的坐标为______.24.(2023秋·江西宜春·八年级校考期末)如图,在Rt△ABC中,∠BAC=90°,AB=3,AC=4,P为边BC上一动点,PE⊥AB于E,PF⊥AC于F,M为EF的中点,则AM的最小值是______________.26.(2022·安徽·统考中考真题)如图,平行四边形OABC的顶点O是坐标原点,A在x轴的正半轴上,B,C在第一象限,反比例函数SKIPIF1<0的图象经过点C,SKIPIF1<0的图象经过点B.若SKIPIF1<0,则SKIPIF1<0________.27.(2021·广东深圳·统考中考真题)如图,已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0是角平分线且SKIPIF1<0,作SKIPIF1<0的垂直平分线交SKIPIF1<0于点F,作SKIPIF1<0,则SKIPIF1<0周长为________.28.(2022·江苏无锡·统考中考真题)如图,正方形ABCD的边长为8,点E是CD的中点,HG垂直平分AE且分别交AE、BC于点H、G,则BG=________.29.(2022秋·八年级课时练习)如图,△ABC的面积是12,点D,E,F,G分别为BC,AD,BE,CE的中点,则△AFG的面积是_____.30.(2022春·江苏无锡·七年级宜兴市实验中学校考阶段练习)如图,在SKIPIF1<0中,点D在BC上,点E是AD的中点,点F在BE上,且SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,则SKIPIF1<0________.三、解答题31.(2023·安徽合肥·合肥一六八中学校考一模)如图,在△ABC中,∠ACB=90°,BC>AC,CD⊥AB于点D,点E是AB的中点,连接CE.(1)若AC=3,BC=4,求CD的长;(2)求证:BC2﹣AC2=2DE•AB;(3)求证:CE=SKIPIF1<0AB.32.(2021春·广西南宁·八年级南宁市第四十七中学校考期中)已知:如图,在SKIPIF1<0中,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0为SKIPIF1<0的中点,SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0分别在SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0上,且SKIPIF1<0于SKIPIF1<0.求证:SKIPIF1<0.33.(2023·全国·九年级专题练习)阅读下面材料:数学课上,老师给出了如下问题:如图,AD为△ABC中线,点E在AC上,BE交AD于点F,AE=EF
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