高考真题中的语法知识清单（2023年全国乙卷） 高三英语一轮复习

高考真题中语法知识清单

【全国乙卷】

英语学科

第一部分听力（略）

第二部分阅读理解

第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

PRACTITIONERS

JacquelineFelicedeAlmania(c.1322)highlights

thesuspicionthat[that引导限制性定语从句,修

JamesBarry(c.1789—1865)wasbornMargaret

饰先行词thesuspicion,同时又作从句中动词

BulkleyinIrelandbut,dressed【形容词。意思是"穿着..

faced的宾语】womenpracticing【动词-ing形式(短

衣服的"】asaman,shewasaccepted[一般过去时态的

语)作后置定语，修饰womenJmedicinefaced.Born

被动语态】byEdinburghUniversitytostudymedicine.

toaJewishfamilyinFlorence,shemovedtoParis

Shequalifiedasasurgeonin1813,thenjoinedtheBritish

where【where引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词

Army,serving【动词・ing形式作伴随状语】overseas.

Paris]sheworkedasaphysicianand【连接两个动

Barryretiredin1859,havingpracticed【动词-ing形式的

词worked和performedJperformedsurgery.In1322

完成式，表示结果】herentiremedicalprofessionliving

shewastried【一般过去时态的被动语态】for

andworkingasaman.

practicingunlawfully.Inspiteofthecourthearing

testimonials(证明)ofherabilityasadoctor,shewas

banned[一般过去时态的被动语态Jfrommedicine.

TanYunxian(1461—1554)wasaChinese

physicianwho[who引导限制性定语从句，修饰

RebeccaLeeCrumpler(1831—\895)worked[一般过

先行词aChinesephysician,作主语,不可省略】

去时态】asanurseforeightyearsbeforestudyingin

learned[一般过去时态】herskillsfromher

medicalcollegeinBostonin1860.Fouryearslater,she

grandparents.Chinesewomenatthetimecouldnot

wasthefirstAfricanAmericanwomantoreceive[bethe

【情态动词的否定式】serveapprenticeships(学徒

first/last...todo结构的用法】amedicaldegree.She

期)withdoctors.However,Tanpassed[——般过去时

movedtoVirginiain1865,where[where引导非限制性

态]theofficialexam.Tantreated[一般过去时态]

定语从句,修饰先行词Virginia】sheprovidedmedical

womenfromallwalksoflife.In151l,Tanwrote[一

caretofreedslaves.

般过去时态】abook,SayingsofaFemaleDoctor,

describing【动词-ing形式作伴随状语】herlifeas

aphysician.

21.WhatdidJacquelineandJameshaveincommon?

A.Doingteachingjobs.B.Beinghiredasphysicians.

C.Performingsurgery.D.Beingbannedfrommedicine.

22.HowwasTanYunxiandifferentfromtheotherpractitioners?

A.Shewroteabook.B.Shewentthroughtrials.

C.Sheworkedasadentist.D.Shehadformaleducation.

23.WhowasthefirstAfricanAmericanwithamedicaldegree?

A.JacquelineFelicedeAlmania.B.TanYunxian.

C.JamesBarry.D.RebeccaLeeCrumpler.

【参考答案】21.C22.A23.D

B

LivinginIowaandtryingtobecome[living...andtrying…作句子的主语部分】aphotographerspecializing

【动词・ing形式作后置定语，修饰aphotographer]inlandscape（风景）can【情态动词】bequiteachallenge,

mainlybecause【弓I导原因状语从句】thecornstatelacksgeographicalvariation.

Although【弓I导让步状语从句】landscapesintheMidwesttend【主语一致,主语是landscapes,而不是the

Midwest,谓语动词用复数形式】tobequitesimilar,eitherfarmfieldsorhighways,sometimesIfinddistinctive

characterinthehillsorlakes.Tomakesomeofmylandscapeshots【动词不定式（短语）作目的状语】，Ihave

traveled【现在完成时态】uptofourhoursawaytoshoot【动词不定式作目的状语】withina1O-minutetimeframe.

Itendtotravelwithafewofmyfriendstostateparksor【连接两个介词短语tostateparks和tothecountryside]

tothecountrysidetogoonadventuresand【连接两个动词（短语）go…和take...]takephotosalongtheway.

Beingattherightplaceattherighttime【动词-ing形式（短语）作主语】isdecisiveinanystyleofphotography.

Ioftenleaveearlytoseektherightdestinationsso【弓I导并列句】Ican【情态动词】setupearlytoavoidmissing

[avoiddoingsthg的用法]themomentIamattempting【现在进行时态】tophotograph[lamattemptingto

photograph是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词themoment,因为它在从句中作动词photograph的宾语，关系代

词that/which可以省略】.Ihavemissed【现在完成时态】plentyofbeautifulsunsets/sunrisesduetobeing【动词

-ing形式（短语）作介词to的宾语】onthespotonlyfiveminutesbeforethebestmoment.

OnetimemyfriendsandIdrovethreehourstoDeviPsLake,Wisconsin,toclimbthepurplequartz（石英）

rockaroundthelake.Afterwefoundacrazy-lookingroadthat[that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词acrazy­

lookingroad,在从句中作主语，不可省略】hungoverabunchofrocks,wedecidedtophotographthesceneat

sunset.Thepositionenabledustolook[enablesbtodosthg的用法】overthelakewiththesunsetinthebackground

【with复合结构作后置定语，修饰【hesunset】.Wemanagedtoleave【managetodosthg的用法】thisspotto

climbhigherbecauseofthesparetimeuntilsunset.However,wedidnotmarktheroute（路线）so【弓I导并歹!）句，

表示"结果”]weendedupalmostmissing【endupdoing结构的用法】thesunsetentirely.Once【连词，引导

时间状语从句】wefoundtheplace,it【形式主语。真正主语是gettinglightsandcamerassetupinthelimited

time]wasstressfulgettinglightsandcamerassetupinthelimitedtime.Still,lookingbackonthephotos,theyare

someofmybestshotsthough【连词，引导让步状语从句】theycouldhavebeensomuchbetterifIwouldhave

beenpreparedandmanagedmytimewisely【划线部分是虚拟语气结构，表示“与过去事实相反的假设”】.

24.HowdoestheauthordealwiththechallengeasalandscapephotographerintheMidwest?

A.Byteamingupwithotherphotographers.B.Byshootinginthecountrysideorstateparks.

C.Bystudyingthegeographicalconditions.D.Bycreatingsettingsinthecomfields.

25.Whatisthekeytosuccessfullandscapephotographyaccordingtotheauthor?

A.Propertimemanagement.B.Goodshootingtechniques.

C.Adventurousspirit.D.Distinctivestyles.

26.Whatcanweinferfromtheauthor'stripwithfriendstoDevifsLake?

A.Theywentcrazywiththepurplequartzrock.

B.Theyfeltstressedwhilewaitingforthesunset.

C.Theyreachedtheshootingspotlaterthanexpected.

D.Theyhadproblemswiththeirequipment.

27.HowdoestheauthorfindhisphotostakenatDeviPsLake?

A.Amusing.B.Satisfying.

C.Encouraging.D.Comforting.

（参考答案]24.B25.A26.C27.B

C

Whatcomesintoyourmindwhen【弓I导时间状语从句】youthinkofBritishfood【特殊疑问句】？Probably

fishandchips,oraSundaydinnerofmeatandtwovegetables.ButisBritishfoodreallysouninteresting[——般疑

问句】？Eventhough[even由ough弓I导让步状语从句】Britainhas【主谓一致】areputationforless-than-impressive

cuisine,itisproducing【现在进行时态】moretopclasschefswho【定语从句中的主谓一致。who引导限制性

定语从句，修饰先行词topclasschefs,指人，可用that,不可省略，谓语动词用复数形式】appearfrequently

onourtelevisionscreensandwhose【引导定语从句，修饰先行词topclasschefs,在从句作定语】recipebooks

frequentlytopthebestsellerlists.

It'sthankstotheseTVchefsratherthananyadvertisingcampaignthat【这是强调结构It's…that….在本句中

的应用,强调状语部分thankstotheseTVchefsratherthananyadvertisingcampaign]Britonsareturningaway

【现在进行时态】frommeat-and-two-vegandready-mademealsand【连接两个动词-ing形式（短语），turning...

和becoming...]becomingmoreadventurousintheircookinghabits.Itisrecentlyreportedthat[itisreportedthat....

结构的用法。it是形式主语，真正主语是that引导的名词性从句】thenumberofthosesticking【动词-ing形

式（短语）作后置定语，修饰those】toatraditionaldietis【主谓一致。主语是thenumber,而不是atraditional

diet]slowlydecliningandaroundhalfofBritain'sconsumerswouldliketochangeorimprove[would/shouldlike

todosthg的用法】theircookinginsomeway.There【there位于句首的倒装句】hasbeen【现在完成时态】arise

inthenumberofstudentsapplying【动词-ing形式作后置定语，修饰students]forfoodcoursesatUKuniversities

andcolleges.ItseemsthatTVprogrammeshavehelped【现在完成时态】changewhat【what引导名词性从句,

作动词change的宾语，同时它在从句中又作动词think宾语】peoplethinkaboutcooking.

Accordingtoanewstudyfrommarketanalysts,1in5Britonssay【主谓一致】that[that弓I导的从句作动词

say的宾语】watchingcookeryprogrammesonTVhas【主谓一致。动词-ing形式作主语，谓语动词用单数形

式】encouragedthemtotrydifferentfood【encouragesbtodosthg的用法】.Almostonethirdsay【主谓一致】

theynowuseawidervarietyofingredients（酉己料）thantheyusedto,andjustunder1in4say【主谓——致】theynow

buybetterqualityingredientsthanbefore.Oneinfouradultssay【主谓一致】that[that引导的从句作动词say的

宾语】TVchefshavemade[现在完成时态】themmuchmoreconfidentaboutexpanding【动词-ing形式（短语）

作介词about的宾语】theircookeryknowledgeandskills,andyoungpeoplearealsogetting【现在进行时态】

moreinterestedin[be/getinterestedin（doing）sthg的用法】cooking.TheUK'sobsession（痴迷）withfoodis

reflected[一般现在时态的被动语态】throughtelevisionscheduling.Cookeryshowsanddocumentariesaboutfood

are【主谓一致。划线部分作主语，谓语动词用复数形式】broadcastmoreoftenthanbefore.Withanincreasing

numberofmalechefsonTV[with复合结构作原因状语】,it'snolonger“uncool”forboystolikecooking[itis

+adj.（forsb）todosthg结构的用法].

28.WhatdopeopleusuallythinkofBritishfood?

A.Itissimpleandplain.B.Itisrichinnutrition.

C.Itlacksauthentictastes.D.Itdeservesahighreputation.

29.WhichbestdescribescookeryprogrammeonBritishTV?

A.Authoritative.B.Creative.C.Profitable.D.Influential.

30.Whichisthepercentageofthepeopleusingmorediverseingredientsnow?

A.20%,B.24%.C.25%.D.33%.

31.Whatmighttheauthorcontinuetalkingabout?

A.Theartofcookinginothercountries.B.MalechefsonTVprogrammes.

C.TablemannersintheUK.D.Studiesofbigeaters.

【参考答案】28.A29.D30.D31.B

D

If【连词,弓I导条件状语从句】youwanttotell【wanttodosthg的用法】thehistoryofthewholeworld,a

historythatdoesnot【定语从句中的主谓一致。that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词ahistory，指物，不可

省略，谓语动词用单数形式】privilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannot【情态动词否定式】doitthroughtexts

alone,because【连词，引导原因状语从句】onlysomeoftheworldhas【主谓一致】everhadtexts,while【连

词，意思是"然而（表示对比）”】mostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot【省略everhadtexts,避免重

复】.Writingis【主谓一致。动词-ing形式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式】oneofhumanity'slaterachievements,

anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate（有文字的）societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutin

things[notonly…but（also）…的用法】.

Ideallyahistorywould【情态动词】bringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareable

to【情态动词beableto的用法】dojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan't【省略bringtogethertextsand

objects,避免重复】.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnon-literatehistoryisperhapsthefirstconflict,

atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCook'svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.FromtheEnglishside,wehave

scientificreportsandthecaptain'srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield

（/I）dropped【非谓语动词。动词-ed形式作后置定语，修饰awoodenshield,表示被动意义】byamaninflight

afterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.If【连词,弓I导条件状语从句]wewanttoreconstructwhatwasactuallygoing

on[what引导名词性从句，作动词reconstruct的宾语；同时what又作名词性从句的主语】thatday,theshield

mustbequestionedandinterpreted【情态动词；被动语态的用法】asdeeplyandstrictlyasthewrittenreports

【as…as..结构的用法】.

Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,there[there位于句首的倒装句】arevictories

accidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhen【连词，引导时间状语从句】onlythevictorsknowhowto

write[“疑问词+todo”作动词know的宾语】.Thosewhoare【who引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词those,

指人，不可省略，谓语动词用复数形式】onthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.The

CaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappear[“介

词+whom”引导非限制性定语从句，作主语，whom不可用who或that,谓语动词用复数形式】inthisbook,

can【情态动词】speaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade[they

made是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词theobjects,因其在从句中作动词made的宾语，关系代词that或which

可以省略】:ahistorytold【过去分词作后置定语，表示被动意义】throughthingsgives【主谓一致。主语是a

history,而不是things,谓语动词用单数形式】thembackavoice.When【连词，引导时间状语从句】weconsider

contact（联系）betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarily

twisted[一般时态的被动语态】，onlyonehalfofadialogue.If【连词，引导条件状语从句】wearetofind[be

todoslhg表示"将要"】theotherhalfofthatconversation,wehaveto【情态动词】readnotjustthetexts,butthe

objects[notonly...but（also）…的用法】.

32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Howpasteventsshouldbepresented.B.Whathumanityisconcernedabout.

C.Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords.D.Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.

33.WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinparagraph2?

A.Hisreportwasscientific.B.Herepresentedthelocalpeople.

C.HeruledoverBotanyBay.D.Hisrecordwasone-sided.

34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conversation"inparagraph3referto?

A.Problem.B.History.C.Voice.D.Society.

35.Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?

A.HowMapsTellStoriesoftheWorldB.AShortHistoryofAustralia

C.AHistoryoftheWorldin100ObjectsD.HowArtWorksTellStories

【参考答案】32.A33.D34.B35.C

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选

项。

Indoorplantsmight【情态动词】lookasiftheyjustsitaroundnotdoing【动词-ing形式作伴随状语】much,

but【连词，引导并列句】inmanywaystheyaretheunsung【过去分词作后置定语，表示被动意义】heroesof

thehome.36,but1连词,弓I导并列句】studieshaveshown【现在完成时态】that【弓I导宾语从句,可以

省略】theycan【情态动词】promotepeopledwellbeingbyimproving【动词・ing形式作介词by的宾语】their

mood（心情）,reducingstressandhelpingtheirmemory[reducing...andhelping...是动词-ing形式作结果状语】.

What'smore,indoorplantsare【主谓一致】easytolookafter[be+adj.+todo（sthg）的用法。这里用动词不定式

的主动结构，表示被动意义】andarenotveryexpensive.

Whatareindoorplants?

Indoorplants,alsoknownashouseplantsorpotplants,areplantsthatlike【定语从句中的主谓一致。that弓|

导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词plants,指物，不可省略；谓语动词用复数形式】togrowindoors.Manyof

thesespecies（物种）are【主谓一致】notideallysuitedtogrowing【动词-ing形式作介词to的宾语】outsidein

theUK,especiallyinthewinter.37.

Whyareindoorplantsgoodforyou?

WillSpoelstra,whoworks【定语从句中的主谓一致。who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Will

Spoelstra,不可用that或whom,不可省略；谓语动词用单数形式】attheRoyalBotanicGardens,says,38.

Ifindduringthewintermonths,plantsaroundthehousecan【情态动词】reallyliftyourmood.^^【引号里的内容

是直接弓I语】Severalstudieshavebacked【现在完成时态】thisupandfoundthat【that弓I导从句，作动词found

的宾语，可以省略】indoorplantscan【情态动词】improvecreativity,focusandmemory.There[there位于句

首的倒装句】isalsoresearchshowing【there/herc+be+sb/sthg+doing/beingdone/done结构的用法】that[that

引导从句，作动词showing的宾语】potplantscan【情态动词】cleantheairaroundthembyremoving【动词-

ing形式作介词by的宾语】harmfulgases,suchascarbondioxide.Theyalsoremovesomeharmfulchemicalsfrom

paintsorcooking.39.

Whichplantscanyougrow?

Aloevera,peaceliliesandspiderplantsare【主谓一致】someofthespeciesthatare【定语从句中主谓一致°

that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词someofthespecies,指物，不可省略；谓语动词用复数形式】easyto

growindoors.Youcan[情态动词]buyplantsfromsupermarkets,gardencentresoronline.Youngerplantsare【主

谓一致】oftencheaperthanfullygrownones,and【弓I导并列句】yougettocareforthemas【连词，引导时间状

语从句】theymature一whichis【定语从句中的主谓一致。which弓|导非限制性定语从句，指代前文句子的

内容，不可用that；谓语动词用单数形式】partofthejoyofowning【动词-ing形式作介词of的宾语】plants.

“40JSpoelstrasays."Itcan【，情态动词】bringanewinterestandfocusintopeople'slivesandhelptomake

【help（to）do的用法】thelinkbetweenhomeandnature.”【引号内的内容为直接引语】

A.Allplantsaredifferent

BNotonlydotheylookbeautiful

C.Therearemanybenefitstogrowingplantsindoors

D.Instead,theygrowbetterinside,whereitiswarmer

E.Plantslikepeaceliliesanddevifsivyareamongthebest

F.Changingthepotofyourplantfromtimetotimewillalsohelp

G.Learningabouttherequirementsofeachplantcanbeveryrewarding

【参考答案】36.B37.D38.C39.E40.G

第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节（共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳

选项。

Tobecome【动词不定式作目的状语】theOlympicchampionintheindividual（个人）all-aroundevent,Gabby

Douglashadtoleaveeverythingshe41best.Shehadto42herbedroominVirginia.Shehadtosay

43_tohertwodogsandtothebeach,where【where弓|导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词thebeach】sheloved

to44wavesonherboard.Butitwas45totaketheleap（飞跃），however46itwouldbe.Evenat

14,Douglasknewthat.Soshe47about1,200milesawayfromhome,to48withacoachfromChina.

Shelivedwithafamilyshehadnever49andeverythingwasnewtoher.

Asitturnedout【as引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作宾语】.Douglasdid50what【what弓I导名

词性从句，作动词did的宾语；同时又在从句中作动词do的宾语】sheneededtodotobecome【动词不定式

作目的状语】Olympicchampionwhenshe51twoRussians.TheChinesecoach52Douglasintooneof

thebestgymnastsinthe53,helping【动词-ing形式作伴随状语]herskyrocketfroman54memberof

thenationalteamtothetopofthesport.By55theOlympicall-aroundtitle,shebecamethefirstblackwoman

todo[thefirst...todo…的用法】so.She56thecompetitionfrombeginningtoend.Shesaidshehadfelt

57allalongthatshewould【情态动词】win.

Notsolongago,MarthaKarolythecoordinator(联络人)ofthewomen'snationalteam,didnotthinkDouglas

hadwhatit58tobeanOlympian.As【连词，弓I导时间状语从句】timewentby,shethought59that

shecould【情态动词】maketheLondonGames-andwin.

'Tmgoingtoinspiresomanypeople,shesaid."I'mreadyto60Andshineshedid【弓I号内的内容

是直接引语】.

41.A.triedB.thoughtC.judgedD.knew

42.A.takeupB.packupC.cleanupD.doup

43.A.goodbyeB.helloC.thanksD.no

44.A.causeB.observeC.rideD.strike

45.A.commonB.timeC.funD.tough

46.A.breathtakingB.heartbreakingC.eye-catchingD.head-spinning

47.A.droppedoutB.movedonC.pulledoverD.wentoff

48.A.reasonB.talkC.competeD.train

49.A.metB.helpedC.understoodD.needed

50.A.approximatelyB.graduallyC.exactlyD.possibly

51.A.defeatedB.pleasedC.respectedD.assisted

52.A.forcedB.transformedC.persuadedD.put

53.A.worldB.cityC.teamD.state

54.A.amateurB.electedC.averageD.enthusiastic

55.A.clarifyingB.defendingC.winningD.demanding

56.A.followedB.organizedC.watchedD.led

57.A.confidentB.nervousC.excitedD.uneasy

58.A.viewedB.appearedC.matteredD.took

59.A.nowandthenB.moreandmoreC.farandwideD.onandon

60.A.shineB.flyC.danceD.score

【参考答案】41.D42.B43.A44.C45.B46.B47.D48.D49.A50.C51.A52.B53.A

54.C55.C56.D57.A58.D59.B60.A

第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Beijingisacitybridging【动词-ing形式作后置定语，修饰名词acity]theancientandthemodern.From

Buddhisttemplestomuseums,narrowhutong61royalpalaces,itishometomorethan3,000yearsofglorious

historyevendowntoitslayout,withthecitykeepingitscarefully62(build)systemofringroads[with复合

结构作伴随状语】.

Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplace63【限制性定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a

place”，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导】welcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentof

modernlife,with21st-centuryarchitectural64(wonder)standing【动词-ing形式作后置定语，修饰wonders,

表示主动意义】sidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast【第一个with是复合结构，在句中作伴随状语；

第二个with是standsidebysidewith的搭配用法】.

Itisadistinctvisualcontrast(反差)that【that引导限制性定语从句，作主语,可用which,不可省略】

shouldn't【情态动词否定式】work,65somehowthesetwoverydifferentworldsmakeagoodcombination.

66(visit)severaltimesoverthelast10years,I67(amaze)bytheco-existenceofoldandnew,andhowa

citywasableto【'情态动词】keepsucharichheritage(遗产)whileconstantlygrowing.Asaphotographer,Ihave

spent【现在完成时态】thelasttwoyears68(record)【spend…(in)doing结构的用法】everythingIdiscovered

[Idiscovered是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词everything,因其在从句中作动词discovered的宾语，关系代

词that可用省略】.

The69(remark)developmentofthiscity,whichis【定语从句中的主谓一致。which弓I导非限制性定

语从句，修饰先行词the...dev