阅读理解（段落大意题）训练-2023年高考英语第二轮复习

2023年高考英语第二轮复习点对点刻意训练

专题06阅读理解（段落大意题）对策与训练解析版

目录内容

板块一命题规律探究

板块二高考真题引领

板块三名校模拟演练

命题规律探究

解答段落大意题的关键是抓住段落的主题句。一般而言，每个段落总有一个中心，通常中心

思想会在首句或尾句体现出来，这就是常说的段落主题句。总体来说，采用归纳法的段落，细节

表述在前，归纳概括在后，主题句在段尾；采用演绎法的段落，先提出观点，后举例子，由一般

到特殊，主题句出现在段首，这种现象较多出现在说明文和议论文中；若作者采用“特殊~一般

一特殊”的方式，主题句可能出现在段落的中间。有时，作者没有写出明显的主题句，考生要学会

根据段落的内容概括出主题句。

一、段落大意题设题方式

1.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

2.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusabout...?

3.Inthelastparagraph,theauthormainlytellsus.

4.Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?

5.Thethirdparagraphmainlytellsusthat.

二、正确选项的特征

1.通常不含细节信息的词。

2.通常不含绝对意义的词。

3.能概括全文或某段的全部内容；涵盖性强，精确度强，恰当的表意范围和情感色彩。

三、干扰选项的特征

1.过于笼统，不知所云。所概括的内容超出原文的范围。

2.以偏概全，主次不分。以文章中的细节内容或个别词语做出选项内容。

3.移花接木，偷换概念。选项中定语和状语影响语意范围，或者把属于A的内容放在B上。

4.主观臆测，无中生有，选项中关键词也在文中提及，但选项的实际含义与文章主题无关。

四、段落大意题思维导图

段首：说明文和说论文中的主

抓

住

段

落

一

主

题

句J

（2020全国I卷D篇，保留原题序号）

Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshave

foundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecity

experiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplaceswere

decoratedwithhouseplants.

32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A∙Anewstudyofdifferentplants.

B.Abigfallincrimerates.

C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.

D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.

破题关键点

第一步读文章，概括段意

本段通过列举两项科学研究来说明绿色植物对人类的好处。

第二步析选项，斟酌判断

对不同植物的一项新研究。原文中提到对绿色植物的研究，但不以偏概全，

A

是该段的主旨。断章取义

犯罪率大幅下降。用犯罪率下降来证明的是绿色植物的好处，故混以偏概全，

B

淆主次。断章取义

来自不同工作场所的员工。以偏概全，

C

虽涉及到工作场所的员工，但是以偏概全，不是本段的主题。生搬硬套

绿色植物的好处。本段主旨就是列举两项科学研究来说明绿色植物涵盖性强，

D

对人类的好处。该项是对本段内容的精炼总结和概括。覆盖全段

自主解答：D

（2017全国∏卷C篇，保留原题序号）

（2017•全国卷∏,C篇节选）TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,

bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle——namedthe

Transition——hastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat

1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.ltfliesusinga

23-gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.

28.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.ThebasicdataoftheTransition.

B∙Theadvantagesofflyingcars.

C.Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.

D.ThedesignersoftheTransition.

［解题思路］

第一步

thefirstparagraphmainlyabout

题干关键词

第二步at1,400feetforeightminutes,70milesperhour,a23gallontank,35miles

原文关键词pergallon

ThebasicdataoftheTransition.

A直接概括

（飞行汽车/Transition的基本数据。

Theadvantagesofflyingcars.

B曲解文意

第三步比对飞行汽车的优点。

选项关键词

Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.

无中生有

C飞行汽车的潜在市场。

ThedesignersoftheTransition.

D飞行汽车的设计者。以偏概全

自主解答：A

（2022新高考I卷D篇，保留原题序号）

Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon"m''and"a"totherareclicksofsome

southernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudy

showsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld,slanguages.

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas4tf,and"v”,

weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiat

theUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned（对齐）,makingithardto

producelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbite

structure（结构），makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.

TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.

Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn,thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn,tgrowtobesolarge.

Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesafter

theNeolithicage,withtheuseOf"f'andςV,increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsare

stillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.

Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolved

around300,000yearsago.,,ThesetofspeechsoundsWeusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceof

humanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatWefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayof

thingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,,,saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.

32.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamianBlasi,sresearchfocuson?

A.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistribution.C.Itsquantity.D.Itsdevelopment.

33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?

A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.

B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.

C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.

D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.

34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.

B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.

C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.

D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.

35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?

A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.

B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.

C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.

D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.

【答案】32.D33.C34.A35.C

【导语】本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音。

32.Do细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的"Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeech

soundscalledlabiodentals,suchas"f"andMVM,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofter

foods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhow

andwhythistrendarose.（30多年前，学者CharleSHoCkett注意到，被称为唇齿音的语音，如"f"和"v"，在

吃软食物的社会的语言中更常见。现在，瑞士苏黎世大学的DamiaIlBIaSi领导的一组研究人员发现了这一趋势

产生的方式和原因。）“可知DamialIBlaSi的研究重点是在语言的演变上。故选D。

α

33.Co细节理解题。根据第三段中的Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthuman

adultswerealignedrmakingithardtoproducelabiodentals>whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptothe

upperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure,makingiteasiertoproducesuchSOUndS.（他们发现，

古人类的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，因此很难产生唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙齿而形成的。后来，我

们的下颗变成了覆盖咬合结构，更容易发出这样的声音）”可知，因为古代成年人的下颗结构使他们很难发出唇

齿音。故选C。

34.A0主旨大意题。根据第五段中的"Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobal

changeinthesoundofworldlanguagesafterthesoNeolithicage,withtheuseof"f"and"v"increasing

remarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmany

hunter-gathererpeopletOday.（对语言数据库的分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性

的变化，在过去几千年里，“产和“v”的使用显著增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然没有发

现）”可知，第五段主要是通过列明数据分析结果来进一步证明研究结果。故选A。

35.Co推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“"Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstable

sincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayisthe

productofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,,,saidStevenMoran,a

memberoftheresearchteam.（研究小组成员StevenMoran说：a自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保

持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物」）”可知，SteVenMoran认

为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C。

（2022全国甲卷D篇，保留原题序号）

Sometimeintheearly1960s,asignificantthinghappenedinSydney,Australia.Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.Then,

oneafteranother,Sydneydiscoveredlotsofthingsthatwerejustsortofthere-broadparks,superbbeaches,anda

culturallydiversepopulation.Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.

AndrewReynolds,acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s,pilotsSydneyferryboatsforaliving,ɪspentthewholemorning

shuttlingbackandforthacrosstheharbor.AfterourthirdrunAndrewshutdowntheengine,andwewentourseparate

ways-heforalunchbreak,Itoexplorethecity.

tςΓllmisstheseoldboats,"hesaidasweparted.

“Howdoyoumean?^^Iasked.

ςς0h,they,rereplacingthemwithcatamarans.Catamaransarefaster,butthey,renotsoelegant,andthey,renotfiιnto

pilot.Butthat,sprogress,Iguess.”

EverywhereinSydneythesedays,changeandprogressarethewatchwords（口号），andtraditionsareincreasingly

rare.ShirleyFitzgerald,thecity,sofficialhistorian,toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s,Sydneysweptaside

muchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.ςςSydneyisconftιsedaboutitsel[''shesaid.ttWecan,tseemto

makeupourmindswhetherwewantamoderncityoratraditionalone.Ifsaconflictthatwearen,tgettinganybetterat

resolving(解决).”

Ontheotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.IconsideredthiswhenImetathoughtful

youngbusinessmannamedAnthony.ςςManypeoplesaythatWelackcultureinthiscountry,"hetoldme.ςςWhatpeople

forgetisthattheItalians,whentheycametoAustralia,brought20(X)yearsoftheirculture,theGreekssome3000years,

andtheChinesemorestill.We,vegotafoundationbuiltonancientculturesbutwithadriveanddynamismofayoung

country.It,saprettyhardcombinationtobeat.”

Heisright,butɪcan,thelpwishingtheywouldkeepthoseoldferries.

32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Sydney,sstrikingarchitecture.

B.TheculturaldiversityofSydney.

C.ThekeytoSydney,sdevelopment.

D.Sydney,stouristattractionsinthe1960s.

33.WhatcanwelearnaboutAndrewReynolds?

A.Hegoestoworkbyboat.

B.Helooksforwardtoanewlife.

C.Hepilotscatamaranswell.

D.Heisattachedtotheoldferries.

34.WhatdoesShirleyFitzgeraldthinkofSydney?

A.Itislosingitstraditions.

B.Itshouldspeedupitsprogress.

C.Itshouldexpanditspopulation.

D.Itisbecomingmoreinternational.

35.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?

A.Acitycanbeyoungandoldatthesametime.

B.Acitybuiltonancientculturesismoredynamic.

C.modernityisusuallyachievedatthecostofelegance.

D.Compromiseshouldbemadebetweenthelocalandtheforeign.

32-35DDAA

【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者和悉尼人士的交流介绍了悉尼发展中面临的问题。

32.Co主旨大意题。根据第一段"Sometimeintheearly1960s,asignificantthinghappenedinSydney,Australia.

Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.（20世纪60年代初，澳大利亚悉尼发生了一件大事。这座城市发现了它的港口）”

以及“Butiti§theharborthatmakesthecity∙（但是是港口造就了城市）”可知，本段主要介绍了悉尼发展的关键是

港口。故选C。

33.Do细节理解题。根据第二段“AndrcwReynolds,acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s,pilotSydneyferryboatsfora

IiVilIg.（30岁出头的AndrewReynOldS是个快乐的小伙子,他在悉尼担任渡轮领航员为生）”、第三段missthese

oldboats.（我会想念这些旧船的）”以及第五段“Catamaransarefaster,butthey,renotsoelegant,andthey,renot

funtopilot.（双体船更快，但它们不那么优雅，驾驶起来也不有趣）”可知，渡轮领航员AIldreWReylWldS喜欢老

式渡船。故选D。

,

34.Ao推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“ShirIeyFitzgerald,thecitysofficialhistorian,toldmethatinitsrushto

modernityinthe1970s,Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.（悉尼的官方历

史学家ShirleyFitzgerald告诉我，在20世纪70年代奔向现代化的过程中，悉尼把很多它的过去都抛在了一边，

包括许多最漂亮的建筑）”可推知，ShirIeyFitZgeraki认为悉尼匆忙奔向现代化，正在失去它的传统。故选A。

35.A推理判断题根据倒数第二段的第一句...beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.可知，作

者认为一个城市新旧并存是非常有魅力的。根据下文中Anthony的观点…afoundationbuiltonancientcultures

withadriveanddynamismofayoungcountry.和最后一段Heisright...可知，Anthony认为澳大利亚是一个

建立在古老文化基础上并同时充满活力的年轻国家，作者认同其观点。

名校模拟演练

（2023秋•安徽滁州•高三统考期末）AresearchteamledbyDelPozoCruzfromtheUniversityofSouthern

Denmark,recentlypublishedastudythatfoundwalking10,000stepsadayloweredtheriskfordementiaby50%.

However,ifwalkingoccurredatabriskpaceof112stepsaminutefor30minutes,itmaximizedriskreduction,

leadingtoa62%reductionindementiarisk.The30minutesoffast-pacedwalkingdidn,thavetooccurallatonce一it

couldbespreadoutovertheday.44Ourtakeisthatintensityofsteppingmatters—overandabovevolume,,,saidCruz.

Thenewstudyfollowed78,500peoplebetweentheagesof40and79fromEngland,ScotlandandWaleswhowore

wriststepcountersfor24hoursadayoverasevendaystretch.Aftercountingeachperson'stotalnumberofstepseach

day,researchersplacedthemintotwocategories:Fewerthan40stepsperminute,whichismorelikewhenyou,re

walkingfromroomtoroom—andmorethan40stepsperminute,orso-called“purposeful"walking.Athirdcategory

wascreatedforpeakperformers—hosewhotookthemoststepsperminutewithin30minutesoverthecourseofaday.

Aboutsevenyearslater,researcherscomparedthatdatatomedicalrecordsandfoundpeoplewhotookthemost

stepsperminuteshowedthebiggestreductioninriskforcancer,heartdiseaseandearlydeathfromanycause.

Researchersfoundtheassociationbetweenpeak30-minutestepsandriskreductiontobedependentonthedisease

studied:Therewasa62%reductionfordementia,an80%declineforcardiovasculardiseaseanddeath,andabouta20%

dropinriskforcancer.

What,sthetakeaway?Youdon,thavetofixateonthenumbersofsteps.ςςSpend30minutesbeingbreathlessat

whateverpaceyou,reat,andthenkeepchallengingyourselftobeslightlyunsatisfiedatyourcurrentlevelsoyoucanget

betterandbetter,,,saidDr.AndrewFreeman.

1.Whichaspectofwalkingdoesthestudyfocuson?

A.Itstime.B.Itspace.C.Itslength.D.Itspopularity.

2.WhatcanWelearnaboutthesubjectsinthethirdcategoιy?

A.Theyaretheoldest.B.TheyarefromWales.

C.Theywalkthequickest.D.Theywalkwithoutstepcounters.

3.Whatdoesparagraph5mainlytellusaboutthestudy?

A.Itsfindings.B.Itsprocedures.

C.Itsmedicalapplication.D.Itstheoreticalsignificance.

4.WhatdoesFreemansuggestwalkersdo?

A.Counttheirstepsasexactlyaspossible.B.Sparethemselves30minuteseveryday.

C.Aimalittlehigherthantheirpresentlevel.D.Setaspecificgoalforthemselveseachday.

【答案】1.B2.C3.A4,C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现如果以每分钟112步的快走速度行走30分钟，则可最大限

度地降低风险，使痴呆风险降低62%。介绍了研究开展的过程以及结果。

1.细节理解题。根据第二段“However,ifwalkingoccurredatabriskpaceof112stepsaminutefor30minutes,it

maximizedriskreduction,leadingtoa62%reductionindementiarisk.The30minutesoffast-pacedwalking

didn,thavetooccurallatonce—itcouldbespreadoutovertheday.uOurtakeisthatintensityofstepping

matters-overandabovevolume,,,saidCruz.（^W,如果以每分钟112步的快走速度行走30分钟，则可最大限

度地降低风险，使痴呆风险降低62%。30分钟的快节奏步行不必一次完成，可以分散到一天中。克鲁兹说：“我

们认为，步伐的强度比音量更重要）”可知，这项研究关注的是步行速度。故选B。

2.细节理解题。根据第三段“Athirdcategorywascreatedforpeakperformers—hosewhotookthemoststeps

perminutewithin30minutesoverthecourseofaday.（第三类是为表现最好的人设计的在一天中30分钟内

每分钟走的步数最多的人）”可知，第三类人走路最快。故选C。

3.主旨大意题。根据第五段“Researchersfoundtheassociationbetweenpeak30-minutestepsandriskreduction

tobedependentonthediseasestudied:Therewasa62%reductionfordementia,an80%declinefor

cardiovasculardiseaseanddeath,andabouta20%dropinriskforCanCer.（研究人员发现，30分钟的步数峰值与

风险降低之间的关联取决于所研究的疾病：痴呆风险降低62%,心血管疾病和死亡风险降低80%,癌症风险降

低约20%）”可知，第5段主要告诉我们研究结果。故选A。

4.细节理解题。根据最后一段“What'sthetakeaway?Youdon,thavetofixateonthenumbersofsteps.uSpend30

minutesbeingbreathlessatwhateverpaceyou,reat,andthenkeepchallengingyourselftobeslightlyunsatisfied

atyourcurrentlevelsoyoucangetbetterandbetter/9saidDr.AIIdreWFreCmali.（有什么好处？你不必拘泥于步

数。安德鲁•弗里曼博士说严花30分钟让自己以任何速度喘不过气来，然后不断挑战自己，让自己对目前的水平

略感不满，这样你就可以变得越来越好。可知，弗里曼建议步行者的目标比他们现在的水平高一点。故选C。

（2023秋•福建龙岩•高三校联考期末）Ifsallrighttocry.Really.Althoughit,softenseenasasignofweakness,

cryingcanbejustwhatthedoctororderedforsortingthroughChaotie（混舌L的）emolionsandcheeringup.

Ourgeneraldisapprovalofemotionalexpressionandcryingspecificallystemsfromchildhood,saidStephen

Sideroff,anassistantprofessor.Askids,we,reoftentaughttorestrain（抑制）oUremotions.Maybeyourememberbeing

teasedinelementaryschoolforcryingwhenyouwerehurt.Manyofuslearnedtherewerefeelings,suchasangeror

resentment,thatweshouldn,thaveorexpress.Aschildrengrowintoadulthood,wegraduallylearntoregulateour

feelings.Sowhat,youmightsay?Whocares?ButWedon,tholdemotionsinonlyourheads,Sideroffsaid.Westore

theminourbodies,too.

Holdingbackyourfeelingscanhurt.ςςThesefeelingshaveenergy/5Sideroffexplained.ςtYou（then）havetorestrain

themindifferentways.”Thatinterfereswithnaturalprocessesandcreatesimbalancessincethebody,sneedisstillthere.

Ifyou,resadorhurtorangry,youneedtofindsomethingtoresolvethatimbalance.Ifyoudon,t,youmightexpress

thoseimbalancedfeelingsininappropriateways—likelashingoutat（猛烈抨击）yourfamilyorfriends.Emotional

restraintcanlimitourabilitytoexperiencepositivefeelings,suchasjoyandlove,aswell.

Generally,thethreetypesoftearsincludeemotionaltears,whichresultfromstrongfeelingssuchasjoyorsadness.

BasaltearsIUbriCate（润滑）youreyes.Reflextearsreleasewhendustoronionoxidesannoyyoureyes.Humansarethe

onlyanimalswhocryintoadulthoodandhaveemotionaltears.

Peopleoftenreportfeelingbetteraftertheycry.Thatcouldbebecausecryingforcesustopayattentiontowhat

triggered（⅛⅛M）usandworkthroughouremotionsandthoughts.Ciyingmightalsohelpinunderstandingwhat,s

importanttous,especiallyifwecryoversomethingthatupsetsusunexpectedly.

5.WhichofthefollowingisStephen,sidea?

A.Emotionsarecreatedbythechaos.

B.Emotionsarestoredonlyinourheads.

C.Emotionalrestraintoriginatesfromchildhood.

D.Emotionalrestraintdevelopspositivefeelings.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“resentment“inParagraph2referto?

A.Joy.B.Bitterness.C.Satisfaction.D.Disappointment.

7.Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Thecharacteristicsofcrying.B.Thefunctionsoftears.

C.Theclassificationoftears.D.Theresultsofcrying.

8.Howwouldtheauthorfeelabouttheoutcomeofcrying?

A.Ifsdoubtful.B.lt,sunexpected.

C.lt,sdiscouraging.D.It,sbeneficial.

【答案】5.C6.B7.C8.D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述抑制情绪的表达有一定的危害，将情绪表达出来，如哭泣是有好处的。

5.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“OlIrgeneraldisapprovalofemotionalexpressionandcryingspecificallystems

fromchildhood,saidStephenSiderofT,anassistantpπ）fessor.（助理教授StephenSideroff说，我们普遍的反对情绪

化的表达和哭泣，这是从童年时期就开始的）”可知，StePhenSiderOff认为情绪抑制源于童年。故选C。

6.词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Manyofuslearnedtherewerefeelings,suchasangerorresentment,thatwe

ShOUklMthaVeOreXPreSS.俄们中的许多人都知道，有些情绪，例如愤怒或怨恨，我们不应该拥有或表达）"中的

“anger”可推知，划线词所表达的意思应与“愤怒”为同类词，表达一种不满，因而选项B.BitterIIeSs“愤恨”符合

题意。故选B。

7.主旨大意题。根据第四段前三句"Generally,thethreetypesoftearsincludeemotionaltears,whichresultfrom

strongfeelingssuchasjoyorsadness.BasaltearsIUbriCate（润滑）youreyes.Reflextearsreleasewhendustor

onionoxidesannoyyoureyes.（一般来说，这三种类型的眼泪包括情绪性的眼泪，这些眼泪是由强烈的情绪如喜

悦或悲伤引起的。基础眼泪润滑你的眼睛。当灰尘或洋葱氧化物侵扰你的眼睛时,反射性眼泪会释放出来）”可知，

这里将眼泪分成了三种类型，因此本段主要讲了眼泪的分类。故选C。

8.推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句"PeopleoftenreportfeelingbetteraftertheyCry.（人们通常在哭泣后感觉更

好）”及最后一句"Cryingmightalsohelpinunderstandingwhat,simportanttous,especiallyifwecryover

somethingthatupsetsusUlIeXPeCtedly∙（哭也可能有助于理解什么对我们来说是重要的，特别是当我们为一些意外

的事情而哭泣时）”可知，这都是哭泣带来的好处，所以作者认为哭泣是有好处的。故选D。

（2023秋•内蒙古阿拉善盟•高三阿拉善盟第一中学校考期末）Humanshavelongbeentryingtomakesenseof

ourplaceintheuniverse.WaitingatalaunchsiteinFrenchGuiana?NASA,sJamesWebbSpaceTelescopeisthelatest

stepforwardinthatancientquest（探索）.

Usingtelescopes,astronomershaveseenmanygalaxies（星系）suchastheAndromedaGalaxyandtheNGC3227

Galaxy.Sofar,themostdistantgalaxyeverdiscovered,GN-zl!,wasspottedbytheHubbleSpaceTelescope.Tothe

untrainedeye,itlookslikearedblob（小点点），butit'sbasicallylikelookingbackintimeabout13.4billionyearsago.

That,sjustabout0.4billionyearsaftertheBigBang.

ttHubbleislimitedinhowfarbackintimeitcanlook,sofindingthisonewasjustaluckybreak,,,saysMarusa

Bradac,anastronomerattheUniversityofCalifornia.ςςAstronomersonlyspotteditbecausedecadesofusingHubble

haveletthemcovermuchofthesky,andthisparticularearlygalaxyissurprisinglybrightalthoughitis25timessmaller

thantheMilkyWayGalaxyandhasjustonepercentofitsmass.”

Already,withthatonegalaxy,we,vestartedtoquestionsomeofourassumptionsabouthowgalaxiesgrow.The

powerful,$10billionJamesWebbSpaceTelescopehastechnologythatshouldletitseebackto0.1~0.2billionyears

aftertheBigBang,theperiodwhentheveryfirstgalaxiespossiblyformed.

“Ifallgowell,theJamesWebbSpaceTelescopewillhelpustobuildupthestoryofhowthefirstgalaxiesever

formedandhowtheygrewintogalaxiesweseetodayandweliveintoday/5saysBradac.ςςButthechancesofseeing

thosefirstbomstarswiththenewtelescopearesmall.There,smaybeevenmoreofachancethatwemightseesomeof

thosestarsexplode.Suchinformationcanhelpusunderstandhowgalaxiesformedandchangedintothefamiliarshapes

andstructuresseentoday.That,swhat,samazingaboutthenewtelescope.^^

9.WhendidtheBigBangtakeplace?

A.Around13.0billionyearsago.

B∙Around13.4billionyearsago.

C.Around13.6billionyearsago.

D.Around13.8billionyearsago.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“thisOne“inparagraph3referto?

A.TheMilkyWayGalaxy.B.TheGN-zl1Galaxy.

C.TheAndromedaGalaxy.D.TheNGC3227Galaxy.

∏.Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Thegreatpotentialofthenewtelescope.

B.Theneedfornewscientificbreakthroughs.

C.ThecostoftheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope.

D.TheimportanceoftheHubbleSpaceTelescope.

12.WhatcanthenewtelescopemostlikelyhelpscientistsdoaccordingtoBradac?

A.Findthefirstbomstarintheuniverse.

B.WitnesstheoccurringoftheBigBang.

C.Seetheexplosionofsomeofthefirstbornstars.

D.Getacompleteunderstandingoftheuniverse.

【答案】9.D10.B11.A12.C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了NASA正准备发射的韦伯天文望远镜。

9.细节理解题。根据第二段“Totheuntrainedeye,itlookslikearedblob（小点点）,butifsbasicallylikelooking

backintimeabout13.4billionyearsago.That'sjustabout0.4billionyearsaftertheBigBWIg.（对于未经训练的

人来说，它看起来像一个红色的斑点，但基本上就像是在134亿年前的时光中回顾。那是在大爆炸后大约4亿

年产可知，大爆炸发生的时间距现在大约4+134=138亿年，即大爆炸大约发生在138亿年前。故选D项。

10.词句猜测题。根据第二段“Sofar,themostdistantgalaxyeverdiscovered,GN-