2023北京一六一中高三12月考英语

2023北京一六一中高三12月考英语班级姓名学号考生须知1．本试卷共5页，满分100分，考试时长90分钟。2．试题答案一律书写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。3．在答题纸上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，非选择题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。4．考试结束后，将答题纸、试卷和草稿纸一并交回。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑TheleadroleTravarisalwayslovedsingingandhelandedtheleadroleintheschoolmusical.Hecouldbarelywaittotellhisparentsthe___1___.Butwhenhemadehisannouncementoverdinner,theylookedateachotherandfrowned(皱眉头）.“YousaidtheperformanceisintheweekofNovember13?”hisdadasked.Travaris’sheart___2___.Ofcourse,hisoldersisterwasgettingmarriedinHawaiithatweek.“I’msorry,butyou’lljusthavetotellthemthatyoucan’tdoit,”hismomsaid.Thenextdayatschool,Travaris___3___totellMs.Phelps,thetheaterdirector,thatsheshouldgivehisparttosomeoneelsebecausehewouldn’tbeintownduringthe___4___.Butalldayhewasfloodedwith___5___fromhisclassmatesforgettingtheleadrole.Hedidn’thavethehearttotellthemthatitwasallfor___6___intheplay.Travariswasstillstayingafterschooltopracticehispart,readinghislines,singingthesongs,andevenlearningthedancenumbers.Butastheweekswentby,Travarisstartedtofeel___7___.Heknewthatthelongerhe___8___droppingoutoftheplay,themorehewouldhurttherestofthecastandcrew.Finally,TravaristoldMs.Phelpshowhecouldn’tbeinthemusical.Ms.Phelpsthankedhimfortakingthewhole___9___intoaccount.“Butdon’tforgettoaudition(试镜)againnextyear,andthechanceisboundupwith___10___,”sheaddedwithasmile.1.A.lie B.story C.news D.truth2.A.wandered B.raced C.failed D.sank3.A.planned B.pretended C.managed D.forgot4.A.lesson B.performance C.practice D.holiday5.A.complaints B.concerns C.contributions D.congratulations6.A.nothing B.anything C.something D.everything7.A.courageous B.disappointed C.guilty D.curious8.A.putoff B.gaveup C.dependedon D.setabout9.A.experience B.situation C.conversation D.argument10.A.belief B.confidence C.independence D.responsibility第二节（共10小题：每小题1.5分。共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。ADrivingtoPalmSpringstwoyearsago,Imetasnowstorm.Acarsuddenlychangedthedirection___11___(avoid)hittingmineanddrifted(漂移)towardsthesideofthecliff.Meanwhile,somedrivers___12___(sit)indifferentcarsrushedout.They___13___(take)offthechainsthathadprotectedtheirowntyresandputthemonthatcar’styres___14___(rapid).Justasthecarwasabouttobelostoffthecliff,thosedriverssteppedup,lettingtheirkindheartsgobeyondthesnowstorm.BMalevoicesaremuchlowerthanfemalevoices.Thisismainly___15___theyhavethedifferentsizeofvocalfolds(声带)Maleshavelargervocalfoldsthatcreatealowersound,andfemaleshavesmallerones.Apartfromthedifference___16___size,however,theothermajorbiologicaldifferencethateffectsvoicesisthatmalesgenerallyhavealargervocaltract,___17___canfurtherlowerthetone.CTheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(JWST)，which___18___(launch)in2021,istofindthefirstobjectsthatformedaftertheBigBangandtostudythefirstBlackHoles,thegrowthofgalaxiesandmore.About100times___19___(strong)thanthecelebratedHubbleSpaceTelescope,JWSTcouldobserveabumblebeeattheEarth-moondistance,inreflectedsunlightandthermalemission(热排放），anditpromisestorevealmany___20___(wonder)ofouruniverse.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题：每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C,D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AHowcanweusescientificdesigntochangetheworldandtakebettercareofourenvironment?Inthiscourse,youwilllearnaboutournaturalresourcesandexplorerenewableenergythroughproblemsolvinginamulti-scienceclass.___21___Solvinganyproblembeginswithrecognizingit!Butwheredoyoubegin?Inthismulti-scienceclass,youwillinvestigateglobalissuesfacingtheworldtodayandhowpeoplemakechangesintheircommunities.Youwillbothdiscussandputintopracticecreativeandpersuasivewaystoinfluencepolicymakersandcommunityorganizations.Furthermore,youwillcreateyourownpoliticalcommunityattheHarknesstablethatwillinspireyoutolearnbydoing.EnergyandInnovationInthismulti-scienceclass,youwillinvestigatebiological,physical,andchemicalaspectsofEarth’sworkingsystemsandhowtheyrelatetoclimatechange.Itsimpactsarefarreachingandthuswillrequireforwardthinkingandplanning.Yourideasandcreativitywillbeneededtocompareandcontrastthebenefitsandcostsofenergyalternativesaswediscussandproblemsolveourplanet’spathintothefuture.Art:TransformtheWorldInthisstudioclasswewilldevelopourcreativepowers.Drawingonnaturalsciences,wewillengagewithperspectivesoflifeonEarth.Ourmaterialswillbenewspapers,recycledcardboard,andotherthingsthatareoftenthrownaway.Workingwithourhandsandtools,wewilltransformwastesintoobjectsuseful.Inthisclassyouwilldiscoveryourartistictalent,learnaboutform,imageandtechnique,andcooperatetocreatepiecesforthefinalStudentArtExhibit.21.Whichofthefollowingmightbethenameoftheclass?A.PoliticalScienceB.GreenOrganizationsC.GlobalChangesD.PracticalPolicymaker22.InEnergyandInnovation,studentswill________.A.solvepoliticalproblemsB.makeaplanfortheirfutureC.changetheworldthroughpicturesD.exploretheEarth’sworkingsystem23.Whatdothethreeclasseshaveincommon?A.Theyconductscientificexperiments.B.Theydeveloppersonalinterests.C.Theyneedcreativedesign.D.Theyuserenewableenergy.BBravingtheelementsOnDec26,Gelinne,60,waslookingoutthebackwindowsofhishomeatthefrozenlake.Thenanairplanecameintohissight.Gelinnelookedupjustintimetoseethatsmallairplaneafewhundredyardsaway,losingcontrol.Astheplanedisappearedbehindthetrees,Gelinne,aformerNavyofficer,realizeditwasgoingtolandinthelake.Heflashedonamomentfrommorethan20yearsearlier:Gelinnewasatworkinabank.Whenafirealarmrang,heescapedfromthechaosbuthasalwayswonderedifhecouldhavestayedinsideandhelped.Onthisday,Gelinnedidn’thesitate.Herandowntothewaterfront.Theplanehadskidded(侧滑)toastoponthebroad,frozenlake,farfromshore.Itwasnowsinking.Thepilotwasstandingonthewing.GelinneknewfromhisNavytrainingthatevenafewminutesintheicywatercouldkillthepilot.Gelinnetestedtheicewithhisfootanddecidednottotakeanychanceswalkingonit.Sohepulledaboatoutfromunderhisbackdeck.Thenhesetoff,pushinghisboatacrosstheice.Itwastoughwork.WhenGelinnereachedtheplane,ithadbrokenthroughtheiceandsunk;onlyitstailwasvisible.Thepilotwasstandingonatailwing,submergeduptohischest,surroundedbyopenwater.Gelinnepushedhisboatofftheiceandintothewater,paddling(划)towardthepilot.Gelinnefocusedonkeepingthepilotcalm,joking,“Justhangontotheboatasifyouwerehuggingyourwife.”Thepilotgrabbedtheboat’sbow,butGelinneknewhehadtogetthepilotoutofthewaterandupontotheshelfofunbrokenicebehindhimbeforethemanlosttoomuchbodyheat.Bynowapoliceofficerhadarrivedandradioedforhelp.Alifeboatappeared,breakingthroughiceasitarrived.Itpickedupthepilotandrushedhimtosafety.LatertheboatreturnedtohelpGelinne,nowextremelytired,toshore.“I’m60yearsold,”Gelinnesays.“TherewasnowayIcouldgethimtoshore.”Still,hewassatisfiedhe’dgonetherightwaythatday.24.WhydidGelinnerunoutsidewithouthesitation?A.Hehadrescuingexperience.B.Hewantedtoofferhelpintime.C.Heneededmoretimetoprepare.D.Hewasamazedatwhathadhappened.25.HowdidGelinnehelpthepilot?A.Hemadeacalltothepolice.B.Hegotthepilotoutofthewater.C.Heaskedthepilottograspthebow.D.Hepickedupthepilotontotheshore.26.WhatGelinnedidintherescueprovedhimtobe________.A.generousB.braveC.curiousD.strict27.WhatcanGelinneprobablylearnfromtherescue?A.Thinktwicebeforeaction.B.Onegoodturndeservesanother.C.It’snevertoolatetomakethingsright.D.Oneshouldalwaysbereadytoseizechances.C“Flyinginsectsdon’tflydirectlytolightsfromfarawaybecausethey’reattractedtothem,butappeartochangecoursetowardalightiftheyhappentobepassingbyduetoastrangeinbornbiologicalresponse,”writesSamuelFabian,abioengineer,inaresearchpaper.Untilnow,theleadingscientifichypothesishasbeenthatinsectsusethemoon'slighttodirectthewayatnightandmistakeartificiallightsforthemoon.Butthisideadoesn’texplainwhyinsectsthatonlyflyduringthedayalsogatheraroundlights.Tofindoutwhatreallyhappens,Samuel’steamtracktheprecisemovementsofinsectsinthewildaroundlightsusingahigh-speedcamera.Thisrevealedtwonotablebehaviours.First,wheninsectsflyabovelights,theyofteninvert(转向)themselvesandtrytoflyupsidedown,causingthemtofallveryfast.Justafterinsectspassunderalight,theystartdoingaringroad.Astheirclimbanglebecomestoosteep,theysuddenlystopandstarttofall.Second.wheninsectsapproachalightfromtheside,theymaycircleor“orbit”thelight.Thevideosshowthattheinversionssometimesresultininsectsfallingonlights.Itcanappeartothenakedeyeasthoughtheyareflyingatthelights.“Instead,insectsturntheirdorsumtowardthelight,generatingflightperpendicular(垂直)tothesource,”theteamwrite.Itiscommontothetwobehavioursthattheinsectsarekeepingtheirbackstothelight,knownasthedorsallightresponse(DLR).ThisDLRisashortcutforinsectstoworkoutwhichwayisupandkeeptheirbodiesupright,asthemoonorsunisusuallymoreorlessdirectlyabovethem,andthisdirectionallowsthemtomaintainproperflightattitudeandcontrol.Theyalsofindthattheinsectsflyatrightanglestoalightsource,leadingtoorbitingandunstableflightsasthelight’slocationrelativetothemchangesastheymove.Samuel’steamsuggestthatapossibleoutcomeoftheresearchcouldhelptheconstructionindustrytoavoidthetypesoflightthatmostattractinsects.28.Whatdoestheresearchfocuson?A.Whyinsectsgatheraroundlights.B.Whereartificiallightsleadinsectsto.C.Whatbiologicalresponseinsectsarebornwith.D.Howtodesignenvironmentfriendlyartificiallights.29.Whatcanwelearnaboutinsectsfromthevideosoftheirmovements?A.Theyflydirectlytolights.B.Theycircleclosetolights.C.Theirflyingspeedissteady.D.Theirinversionscanbecontrolled.30.DLRmakesinsect________.A.balancetheirflyingB.keeptheirroutestraightC.decidetheirbodypositionD.shortentheirflightdistanceDWehumansareintrouble.Wehaveletlooseanewevolutionaryprocessthatwedon’tunderstandandcan’tcontrol.Thelatestleapsforwardinartificialintelligence(Al)arerightlycausinganxiety.YetpeoplearerespondingasthoughAlisjustonemorescarynewtechnology,likeelectricityorcarsoncewere.Weinventedit,theargumentgoes,soweshouldbeabletomanageitforourownbenefit.Notso.Ibelievethatthissituationisnewandpotentiallydangerous.Mythinkingstartsfromthepremisethatalldesignanywhereintheuniverseiscreatedbytheevolutionaryalgorithm(算法).Thisistheprocessinwhichsomekindofinformationiscopiedmanytimes,thecopiesvaryslightlyandonlysomeareselectedtobecopiedagain.Theinformationiscalledthereplicator(复制者)andourmostfamiliarexampleisthegene.Butgenesaren’ttheonlyreplicator,asRichardDawkinsstressedinTheSelfishGene.Peoplecopyhabits,stories,words,technologiesandsongs;wechange,recombineandpassthemoninevergreatervariety.Thissecondreplicator,evolvingmuchfasterthangenesevercould,Dawkinscalledmemes(模仿传递行为)—andtheyareselfishtoo.AswefaceuptotherecentexplosioninAI,newquestionsarise.Couldathirdreplicatortakeadvantageofthefirsttwo?Andwhatwouldhappenifitdid?Forbillionsofyears,alloftheEarth’sorganismsweregenemachines,until,about2millionyearsago,justonespecies–ourancestors–startedimitatingsounds,gesturesandwaysofprocessingfood.Theyhadletlooseasecondreplicatorandturnedusintomememachines.Followingthesameprinciple,couldathirdreplicatorappearifsomeobjectwemadestartedcopying,varyingandselectinganewkindofinformation?Itcould,andIbelieveithas.Ourdigitaltechnologycancopy,storeandspreadvastamountsofinformationwithnear-perfectaccuracy.Whilewehadmostlybeentheonesselectingwhattocopyandshare,thatischangingnow.Mindlessalgorithmschoosewhichadsweseeandwhichnewsstoriesthey“think”wewouldlike.Onceadigitalreplicatortakesoff,itsproductswillevolveforitsownbenefit,notours.Allisnotlost,though.Wealreadycopewithfast-evolvingparasitessuchasvirusesbyusingourimmunesystems,machinesandvaccines.Now,weneedtobuildourcollectivementalimmunity,ourcriticalthinkingandourabilitytoprotectourattentionfromallthatselfishinformation.Takinglessonsfromevolution,wecanstopimaginingwearethecontrollersofouraccidentallydangerousoffspringandstartlearninghowtolivewiththem.31.Asforpeople’sattitudetowardAl,theauthoris________.A.disapprovingB.unconcernedC.sympatheticD.tolerant32.Accordingtothepassage,RichardDawkinsmayagreethat________.A.memesarecomposedofselfishgenesB.thespeedofevolutionisunderestimatedC.replicatorsvarywithhumaninterferenceD.memesandgenesshareacommonfeature33.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Technologiescanbedouble-edged.B.Collectiveeffortsmakeabetterworld.C.Weshouldliveinharmonywithnature.D.Pastexperienceisrelevanttofutureaction.34.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Thepaceoftechnologicalprogressisunstoppable.B.Theinitiativeofalgorithmshouldbestrengthened.C.Thenewevolutioncanbringaboutnegativeeffects.D.Theartificialintelligencecansatisfyourrealdesires.第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。AllthefeelsYoucanmakeyourpicturebookmemorablebyconcentratingonemotionalconnection.Thisworksacrosseveryprincipleofwriting,regardlessofagerangeorgenre(文体)，becauseitisuniversallyrecognized.____35____.Thereasonwhyemotionalconnectionworksisthatemotionisafundamentalhumanexperience.____36____Italsobringsustogetherandremindsusthatalthoughwehavedifferences,peoplearefundamentallythesame.Bybringingemotionintoyourstory,youtapintothatconsciousness.Thestoryfeelsmorerealtous.Itisconsistentwithus,andasaresult,wehavearicherreadingexperience.____37____Thisisusefulforyourpicturebookwriting,suchaschoosingvocabularytouseoradoptingasuitablelinguisticstyle.Onceyouknowthegenreofabook,youcanthinkaboutthekindofemotionalstorytellingareaderwouldexpectfromthisgenre.Forexample,ifit’safunnypicturebook,yourreaderisclearlyexpectingtolaugh.Makesuretheylaugh.Ifit’sanadventurestory,yourreaderwillbeexpectingtofeelexcitement,anticipationandprobablyalittlemildfear.Ifit’saheartwarmingstory,yourreaderexpectstofeelwarm,comfortedandoverflowingwithlove.____38____Anotherreasonforincludingemotioninyourpicturebookistoreallygetyourreaderinsideyourcharacter’shead.Firstly,ithelpsbuildontheyoungreader’semotionaldevelopmentandunderstandingofselfandothers.____39____Aswellascaringaboutcharacter,anemotion-filledpicturebookthereforekeepsusonourtoes.Ifyouwantyourstorytostandoutamongstotherstories,giveyourreadersomethingtoremember–astrongemotionalconnection.A.Secondly,itcreatesinterestinthecharacter.B.Ithelpsusmakesenseoftheworldaroundus.C.Anemotionalendinginapicturebookworkswell.D.Whenwefeelsomething,wewillhavesharpminds.E.Thisisobviouslynotacompletelist,butitisastartingpoint.F.Hereiswhyitworksandhowyoucanuseitinyourpicturebookwriting.G.Picturebookshavemanydifferentgenresandyourjobistoknowwhichgenreyourstorysitsin.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题：第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区城作答。UpgradeyourproblemsIn2017,Ispentallmymoneybuyingmyfirstflat–whichmeantIhadnomoneytofixmyfirsthomeowner’sproblem.IwassleepingonanairmattressbecauseIcouldn’taffordfurniture.ThenInoticedaleakypipeunderthebath,whichcreatedawetpuddle(水坑).Icouldn’taffordaplumber(水管工)butIdidn’twanttointroducemyselftotheneighbourbycrashingthroughtheirwetceiling.TheonlyoptionleftformewasthatIhadtosolvetheproblemonmyown.Itookthe