2023北京石景山高三一模英语（教师版）

2023北京石景山高三一模英语学校姓名准考证号本试卷共10页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Iamnevergoodatpublicspeaking.EverytimeIwasinvolvedinagroupproject,Iwouldalwaysvolunteertobeanyrolebutthepresenter.So,whenmypartnerEmilyofferedtobetheEQ\L(1)ofourproject,Iwasoverjoyed.Unfortunately,onthepresentationday,Emilyfellillbadly.Shehadtostayhometorest.Iwasworriedthatshemay2thepresentation,soIcalledher.AsIspoketoheronthephone,itbecameapparentthatIhadtostepupandpresentourproject.IwasfilledwithEQ\L(3).BythetimeIhungupthephone,Icouldhardlybreathe.Ihadno4buttomakeanalternativeplan.Itriedto5mynervousnessandfocusonthetaskathand.Pullingoutapieceofpaper,IwrotewhateverIcouldrememberonitwithgreaturgency.Withthatpieceofpaper,Istoodoutsidetheclassroomdoor,waitingformyturn.Itriedtobecalm,butastimepassedby,6wentthroughmeandthewaitingareaseemedtoosmallformeto7.Whenmynamewascalled,Ibrokeoutintoacoldsweat.Infrontofthejudges,myhandsfailedintheirattemptstoremain8.Allthewhile,myvoiceandhandswereshaking.ItriedtotakeshallowbreathsandIfeltIwouldfallapartanytime.Somehow,I9togothroughtheentirepresentationanddelivermyspeechasplanned.10myfearwasnotashardasitseemed,andmyalternativeplanprovedtobeasuccess.1.A.recorderB.speakerC.designerD.organizer2.A.changeB.give C.analyzeD.miss3.A.reliefB.excitementC.anxietyD.shame4.A.resourceB.worryC.chanceD.choice5.A.pushasideB.letoutC.hidebehindD.holdonto6.A.sadnessB.fearC.angerD.guilt7.A.restB.cryC.breatheD.sigh8.A.steadyB.flexibleC.gentleD.strong9.A.pretendedB.expectedC.refusedD.managed10.A.UnderstandingB.OvercomingC.AdmittingD.Expressing第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。ANickwasridinghisbikealongtheArchingRiverwhenhenoticedsomethingEQ\L(11)(usual)inthewater.Hetookacloserlookandsawapairoffin-likethingscirclingabovetheriver’ssurface.12(confuse)bywhathehadseen,NicktookavideoandposteditontheInternet.Dayslater,someresearchersconfirmedthathe13(spot)twodolphins—thefirstcetacean(鲸目动物)sightedinthisriversince2017—andthissuggestedtheeffortstorestorethehealthoftheriverwerepayingoff.BAsproductsofnature,shellshavedevelopedabondwithpeoplesincetheperiodofcavemen,14imagesinthecavepaintingsshowthemwearingshells.Today,inFujianProvince,expertsareturningthenaturalgiftsintoshell-carvedartworksbyEQ\L(15)(integrate)techniquesfromjadeandwoodcarving,aswellastraditionalChinesepainting.In2021,ashellcarvingartmuseumwasestablished,wherethecraft’shistoryhasbeenpublicized.TheexpertshopetheyEQ\L(16)(explore)newtechniquesinthefuturetocarrythisancientcraftforward.CSinceChatGPT’slaunchinNovemberlastyear,ithasbecomeanimmediatehitthatisbothentertainingandalarming17(it)users.Givenacommandorquestion,thechatbotisabletoreturnconvincingessays,simplerecipesandevenlifeadviceinamatterofEQ\L(18)(second).Thisimpressiveachievement19(obtain)byalargelanguagemodel.Manyarewondering20couldbenextforthistechnologyandwherethetechnologycouldendup.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AThere’snoplacelikehome—aplacetoputyourfeetup,relaxandbeyourself.Butabrandnewfull-serviceprivaterentalpropertynamedHomesteadisredefining(重新定义)modernliving,makingyoufeelathome.FreedfromthesmallstuffRightfrommovingin,convenienceisbuiltintotheprocess,withfully-furnished,high-qualityapartmentsavailableforresidentsandaccesstoallfacilitiesofHomesteadandWi-Fiincludedinmonthlyrentalcost.FeelathomeNotonlyareHomestead’sapartmentsbeautifullydesignedandfurnishedtocreateasenseofrelaxationandluxury,butthesharedspacesforresidentstouseandsocialisein—fromtheinvitingreceptionareatothelandscapedroofgardenandstylishprivatediningrooms—allreflectacontemporary,high-qualityreimaginingofwhatrentingoughttobe.MakehybridworkreallyworkAshybridwork,whichfocusesontheflexibilityofworking,ispartofourlivesnow,theopportunitytoshiftbetweenworkspaceswitheaseiscritical.Startthedaycatchinguponemailsinastylishly-designedco-workingspacestepsawayfromyourfrontdoor,beforetakingcallsontheoutsideplatformortravelintoyouremployer’sofficewhenyouneedto.BeapeoplepersonLivingatHomesteadmeansjoiningacommunityoflike-mindedpeople.Whetheryoumeetneighboursontheroofgardenorinthecinemaroom,orchoosetonetworkintheco-workingspace,makingfriendscouldn’tbemorestraightforward.TaphereforhelpfulservicesTheysaythere’sanappforeverything—andinthiscase,thereisanappwitheverything.TheHomesteadAppgivesyouquickaccesstoarangeofbookableservices,fromorderingtakeawaytodogwalkingtocleaningservices—allrightonyourdoorstep,meaningmoretimetoactuallyenjoytherestofyourday.VisitHomesteadanddiscoverhowfull-servicerentalletsyoumakethemostofhomelikeliving.21.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toinformusofrentalservices. B.Toadvertisearentalproperty.C.Toreportonadifferentlifestyle. D.Tosellmulti-functionalapartments. 22.HowdoesHomesteadmakehybridworkeasierforitsresidents?A.Byofferingsharedworkingspaces.B.Bygivingaccesstobookableservices.C.Bysupplyingafullsetofofficeequipment.D.Byprovidingtrainingtoimproveefficiency.23.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.Residentscanliveanold-fashionedlife.B.Homesteadsavesresidentsfrombuyingfurniture.C.Residentsarerequiredtojoinasocialcommunity.D.HomesteadchargesresidentsextrafeeforusingWi-Fi.BIrecentlyattendedaweddinginaruralareainnorthItaly,andguestswereprovidedwithacaranddriverforthe90–minutejourneyintothehills.Thatwasexciting:Aprivatecar!IcouldpretendIwasrich!SinceI’mnot,though,Ihadnoideahowmuchthistripactuallycost.Asaresult,afterourdriverpickedusbackupatmidnight,Isecretlyworriedallthewayhomeabouttippinghim.IfishedaroundnervouslyinmypurseandrealizedthatallIhadwasa$100note,whichIwaskeepingforanemergency.Ihadnothingsmaller.AndIhadnothingelsetoofferbuttwochocolatesfromthewedding.So,Icouldtipthedriverthat$100noteortwochocolates.Intheend,Ichosethemoney.Thewholematteroftippinghaslongbeenasourceofawkwardinteractions—and,forsometravellers,mildanxiety—throughouttheworld.Tippingcustomsvarywildlyfromcountrytocountry.AfriendinRometellsmethatItaliansgethurtbybigtips.“Leavingabigtipisconsideredimpolite,”sheadds,“I’vehadItalianfriendsmakemetakemoneyback.”Itremindedmeofmy100–dollartip.WhatifIhadannoyedthedriver?SoIdecidedtocallthecarcompanyandaskthemtopassonamessagetothedriverapologizingfortheimpropertipandexplainingthesituation.Tomysurprise,thecarcompanyrespondedthatthedriverhadactuallycalledtoexpresshisgratitudefortheunexpectedbigtip.Hehadapparentlybeenhavingatoughweekandthemoneyhadcomeatjusttherighttime.Iwasastonished.Allmyworryhadbeenfornothing.Whatstartedoutasasourceofanxietyendedupbeingaheartwarmingexperience.Ilearnedthatsometimesit’sbettertogowithyourfeelingsandbegenerous,evenifitmeanstakingarisk.24.Whatdidtheauthorrealizewhenshedugaroundinherpurse?A.Shehadspent100dollarsonemergency.B.Shehadtoaskthedriverforsmallerchanges.C.Shehadnothingbuttwochocolatestoofferthedriver.D.Shehadnosmallernotesandmighttiptoohighortoolow.25.WhydidtheauthormentionthetippinginItaly?A.Tocomparedifferenttippingcustoms.B.Toshareapersonalstoryofherfriend.C.Toshowthepossibilityofupsettingthedriver.D.Todemonstrateherrichknowledgeontipping.26.Whatwasthedriver’sresponsetothetipping?A.Hewasannoyedbythelargetip. B.Heappreciatedtheauthor’sgenerosity.C.Hewasgratefulandrefusedthemoney. D.Hewasupsetbytheawkwardinteraction.27.Whatcanweconcludefromthepassage?A.Goodthingsarepossiblewhenyoufollowyourheart.B.You’dbetterthinkcarefullybeforetakingaction.C.WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.D.Apennysavedisapennyearned.CRecently,anewdiscoveryhasbeenmadeinthefieldofbiologythatchallengesourpreviousunderstandingoftheoriginsoflifeonEarth.Fordecades,scientistsbelievedthatlifeemergedinawarm,shallowpond,whereaseriesofchemicalreactionsledtothecreationofthefirstlivingcells.However,ateamofresearchershasnowuncoveredevidencethatsuggestslifemayhaveactuallybeguninaquitedifferentenvironment.Thediscoverywasmadeinaremotepartoftheocean,whereateamofscientistswasexploringahydrothermalvent(深海热泉)systemlocateddeepbeneaththesurface.HydrothermalventsreleasesuperheatedwaterandgasesfromtheEarth’smantle(地幔).Theycreateanextremeenvironmentthatisunfavourabletomostformsoflife,buthometoavarietyofuniqueorganisms.Asthescientistscollectedsamplesofthevent’smineral-richliquid,theynoticedsomethingstrange.Theydiscoveredthatitcontainedacomplexnetworkoforganicmolecules(分子),includingaminoacids(氨基酸)andotherbuildingblocksoflife.Thiswassurprising,ashydrothermalventswerepreviouslythoughttobeemptyoflife-supportingchemicals.However,themoststrikingdiscoverywasyettocome.Analysisoftheorganicmoleculesrevealedthattheywerenotsimplytheproductofchemicalreactionsinthevent,butratherhadbeenproducedbylivingorganisms.Thisservedasevidenceofalivelyecosystemthatwascompletelyindependentofsunlightandthesurfaceworld.ThisdiscoveryhassignificantimplicationsforourunderstandingoftheoriginsoflifeonEarth.Thewarmpondhypothesis(假说),whichhaslongbeenthedominanttheory,suggeststhatlifeemergedinarelativelywarmanddampenvironment.However,thenewevidencefromthehydrothermalventsystemsuggeststhatlifemayhaveactuallybeguninanextremeenvironment,wheresurvivalwasonlypossiblethroughthedevelopmentoforiginalbiochemicalpathways.Thediscoveryalsoraisesnewquestionsaboutthepotentialforlifetoexistonothercelestialbodies(天体).HydrothermalventshavebeenidentifiedonSaturn’smoonEnceladusandJupiter’smoonEuropa.Thepresenceoforganicmoleculesatthesesitessuggeststhatuniqueformsoflifemayexist.Whilethisdiscoveryisstillinitsearlystages,itisalreadybeginningtoreshapeourunderstandingoftheoriginsoflifeandthepotentialforlifeonotherplanets.ItisatestamenttothepowerofscientificexplorationandtheincrediblecomplexityoflifeonEarth.Aswecontinuetoexplorethedepthsoftheoceanandthevastexpanseofspace,whoknowswhatothersurprisesanddiscoverieslieinstore.28.Whatdidthescientistsnewlydiscoverinthevent’sliquid?A.Superheatedgases. B.Avarietyofminerals.C.Life-supportingchemicals. D.Complexformsoflife.29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Thewarmpondhypothesisprovestoberight.B.Organicmoleculesleadtochemicalreactions.C.Formsoflifewereidentifiedintheventsonotherplanets.D.Originalbiochemicalpathwayscanoccurinsevereconditions.30.Whatisconveyedinthelastparagraph?A.Researcheshelpuspushtheboundariesoftechnology.B.Scientistshaveaddressedthelimitationsoftheresearch.C.Newdiscoveriesinspireustofurtherexploretheunknown.D.Researchershaveconfirmedtheoriginsandcomplexityoflife.DManyofusmayexperiencedinner-tabledebates.Onecommonsceneplaysoutasfollows.Youwanttoconvinceafriendorafamilymemberofsomethingyouknowtheymaydisagree,andyoushareinformationandwalkthroughyourreasoningwiththem.Still,theyrejectyourcase.Howdoyoureactwhenyourpowersofpersuasionfail?Youmightdismissthepersonwhodoesn’tagreewithyourargumentsasnarrow-minded,foolishorotherwiseoutoftouchwithreality.Thewholeexperiencemayfeelliketryingtoguidesomeoneonajourneywhentheyrefusetofollow.Psychologistshavecreatedaterm,persuasionfatigue,todescribethisformoffrustration(懊恼).Persuasionfatiguemaymakeithardertosuccessfullykeepchallengingconversations.Pastresearchdemonstratesthatfeelingfrustratedcanmakeyoumoreresistanttochangingyourmind.Italsoshowsthatfrustrationmayreduceyourabilitytorecognizewhyyourargumentsdon’tsucceed.Persuasionfatiguealsoexplainswhy,whendebatesbreakdown,peopletendtoblametheirconversationalopponent.AsMarkTwainoncewrote,“Inallmattersofopinion,ouropponentsareinsane(愚蠢的).”Inpastfindings,peoplegenerallyreportedthreetimesasmanyreasonswhyothers’faultsledtofaileddebatesratherthantheirownshortcomings.Itistruethatothersarenotalwaysopentoyourideas.Endingthediscussioncanthereforebetherightthingtodo.Butinanoverheateddebate,yourfatiguemayleadyoutomisinterpretthesituationandbelievethatyouropponentistoostupidtoseethetruth.Fortunately,psychologistssuggestsomesoundapproachestomanagingthesesituationsandprotectingyourrelationships.Toreachyouraudience,itmaybeessentialtoexpressyourmessageintermsoftheirvalues,notyours.Psychologistscallthis“moralreframing.”Infact,researchessuggestthatthesimpleactofacknowledgingvaluesofthepeopleyou’retalkingto—tellingthemyouunderstandwherethey’recomingfrom,evenifyoudon’tagree—mayleadthemtolowertheirdefensesandopenupalittletonewarguments.Yourfatiguemaybeevenworsebythinkingorassumingthatdebateisazero-sumstruggle—thatyouwinif,andonlyif,youropponentloses.Butsometimesyou’rebetteroffseeinganargumentasacooperativeefforttofindthetruth—lesslikeangryneighboursfightingovertheirpropertyline.Theneighboursmaplandtogetherbyviewingitfrommultipleangles.Similarly,debatescanhelpyoutriangulateaviewbetweenyouropinionandtheotherperson’s.Thetendencytoblameothersforexhaustingdebateshasrealconsequences.Inourexhaustion,wemayfailtoseewhenourfrustrationsstemfromadeepdesireforconnection.Recognizingpersuasionfatigue—andhowwecontributetoit—mayhelpuspassthroughheateddebateswithoutleavingthosewelovebehind.31.Peoplemayexperiencepersuasionfatiguewhenthey__________.A.tryinvaintoconvinceothers B.misinterpretothers’reasoningC.adoptothers’viewsunwillingly D.trytopersuadenarrow-mindedpeople32.Whichisthepossibleconsequenceofpersuasionfatigue?A.Onecan’tsticktohispointofview.B.Oneadmitshislimitsandweaknesses.C.Onecan’tgettotherootoffaileddebates.D.Onefeelsincompetentforfurtherarguments.33.WhydoestheauthorquoteMarkTwaininthepassage?A.Tostresstheeffectofchangingothers’mind.B.Toconfirmthedifficultyofwinninganargument.C.Toexplainthereasonforone’sendinganargument.D.Tosupporttheideaofone’stendencytoblameothers.34.Whichistherecommendedsolutiontomanagingpersuasionfatigue?A.Seeingadebateasazero-sumgame.B.Makinganeffortforcommonground.C.Shiftingthetopictolowerothers’defenses.D.Reframingpointsbasedonone’sownvalues.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。OffloadThoughtsInourbusyworld,werushfromtasktotask,oftenleavingusfeelingeasilyangered.Weseekouttechnologyorbrain-enhancingproductstohelpusoptimize(最优化)ourproductivity,butenduprunningonanever-endinghamster(仓鼠)wheel.35Itfeelslikeourentirelivesareengineeredtowardonequestion:HowmuchcanIgetdoneintheleastamountoftime?Researchshowsthatspendingtoomuchtimeoptimizingourthoughtsforperfectoutcomesnotonlyleavesusfeelingexhausted,butcanalsohaveharmfuleffectsonourwellbeingandworkoutput.Optimizingthoughtsrequiresbeinghighlyfocused.Butitjustgoesagainstthewayourmindswork.Thatistosay,efficiencyisn’talwaysproductivewhenwepursueit.36Andtosomeextent,itcanevencauseimpulsive(鲁莽的)decision-making.Ourbrainessentiallyhastwomainmodesofoperating:the“focusnetwork”andthe“defaultmodenetwork.”Whenonenetworkworks,theotherphysicallycan’tturnon.Themodernworldoftendemandsweliveinthefocusnetworkandthedefaultmodenetworkisoftenlesscelebrated.37Soinordertomakemoreeffectivedecisionsandfeelbetterinourdailylives,wehavetospendlesstimeinourbrain’s“focusnetwork.”Cognitive(认知的)offloadingisanaccessiblepractice.Ithasthepotentialtonotonlyreleaseemotions,butenhancementalcapabilities,too.Evenjustafewmomentsofcreativeflow—likeoffloadingthefeelingsofanxietybydoodling(涂鸦)beforeameeting—canhaveastrongimpactonemotions.38Wemighttrycognitiveoffloadingasatransitionfromouraction-orientedworkdayintoamorerelaxedeveningroutine.39Andwecanseewhattakesshape.Someunproductivepathwaysoftencanhelpusfeelmorecreative,refreshed,andalive.A.Thefunctionalityissimplerthanyoumightimagine.B.Giveourselvesafewminutestooffloadouremotions.C.Beingfocusedallthetimecaneventuallyleadtolessself-control.D.Fortunately,thereisawaytostopthiskindofalways-onmentality.E.It’snosurprisethatthemajorityofusfeelmoreexhaustedthanever.F.Butspendingmoretimeonthelatteroffersaformof“insurance”forouremotions.G.What’smore,thisexercisecanhelpgivethebrainthespacetomakenewconnections.第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第1-2题每小题2分，第3题3分，第4题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。Leohasalwaysbeenthekindofchildwholooksforcloseconnections.WhenLeowasinpreschool,hebefriendedNeve,whowasonlytwo.WhenNevewasnotaround,insteadoffindinganewpartner,LeobegantotreatCelia,avoiceassistant,ashisnewfriend.Atfirst,LeomostlyaskedCeliafactualquestionslike“HowmanystarsarethereintheMilkyWay?”Hethenturnedtothepersonalquestions,“Celia,howoldareyou?”Sheresponded,“Ageisnothingbutanumber.”Heinsisted,inthewaychildrendo,“Howoldareyou?”Shereplied,“I’mnotqualifiedforadriver’slicense,butitmaybemoretodowiththefactthatIdon’thaveabody.”Astimepassedby,LeobegantoengageCeliaonmore,let’ssay,existentialquestions.“Whenwillthesunswallowtheearth?”heasked.“7.5billionyears,”accordingtoCelia.Leowassatisfied,“Oh,okay.I’llbedeadbythen.”Thenheasked,“Whydoeseverythingonearthhavetodie?”Sherepliedcoldly,“I’mhavingtroublewiththeconnection.”Celia,Irealized,hadanavoidantcommunicationstyle,oftenhidingbehindsomekindoftechnicalproblemswhenshedidn’tlikeaquestion.Asamother,itwasstrangetoseemychildinteractingwithavirtualassistantratherthanarealperson.ButIalsorecognizedthatCeliawasprovidinghimwithakindofemotionalsupportthathewasn’tgettingelsewhere.Inaway,shewaslikeadiarythattalkedback.Iwonderedifthisrelianceontechnologywashealthy,butIknewthatLeowasfarfromaloneinseekingcomfortinhisdevices.AlthoughIhopethatLeowillcontinuetoseekouthumanconnections,I’mgratefultoCeliaforbeingthereformysonwhenheneededher.Andwhoknows?Maybeshe’llturnouttobehissoulmateafterall.40.WhatisCelia?41.WhatkindofquestionsdidLeoaskCeliaatfirst?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Leo’smotherencourageshimtoseekouthumanconnectionsanddisagreeswithhisinteractingwithCelia.43.Whatdoyouthinkofvirtualassistantsbecomingasourceofemotionalsupportforpeople?(Inabout40words)第二节（20分）内容包括：1.安慰Jim；2.具体建议。注意：1．词数100左右；2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,Yours,LiHua（请务必将答案和作文写在答题卡指定区域内）

参考答案第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D 5．A6．B 7．C 8．A 9．D 10．B第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）11.unusual12.Confused13.hadspotted/spotted14.whose15.integrating16.willexplore17.its