Unit+6+Earth+First+词汇课件 高一英语外研版（2019）必修第二册

保护地球保护我们的家园EarthfirstBook2Unit6Understandingideasshark音译词“鲨鱼”scare近义词：frighten；派生词：scary,scared(分词形容词)词块：scare…away/offdueto=becauseofeg.Thegamewascanceledduetobadweather.findive一词多义：基本义“向下冲”隐喻：具体的“跳水”→抽象的“冲向；俯冲”词块：diveinto,godiving；派生词：divertarget隐喻：具体的“靶子（目标）”→抽象的“目标（靶子）”词块：setatarget

achieve/realizeone’starget

targetaudience名词动词化：betargetedatfortunatelyfortunate+-ly；同义词luckily，句子副词词族：fortune

fortunate,

fortunately

unfortunate

unfortunatelyextinctionextinct(adj灭绝的)+-tion词块：beindangerof/beontheedgeofextinctionattitudeAttitudeiseverything.态度决定一切。attitude①

态度；看法：have/take/adoptapositiveattitudeEverythingdependsonpeople’sattitude.Attitudeiseverything.attitudeto/toward(s):Weshoulddevelopagoodattitudetolife.②姿势：Hekneltinanattitudeofprayer.devote一个人应该尽可能早地设定自己的目标，并且倾其精力和才能实现它。华特•迪士尼（WaltDisney，1901年12月5日—1966年12月15日），出生于美国伊利诺伊州芝加哥，美国著名的动画大师、企业家、导演、制片人、编剧、配音演员、卡通设计者、举世闻名的迪士尼公司创始人。华特•迪士尼获得了56个奥斯卡奖提名和7个艾美奖，是世界上获得奥斯卡奖最多的人。devote①

把……用于；致力于；献身于：Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelpingothersrebuildhomes.ShedevotedallherlifetomedicalworkforChinesewomenandchildren.devoteoneselfto献身于；致力于；专心于：Ifyouhaveajob,dodevoteyourselftoitandfinallyyou’llsucceed.写作同义异构：除了devoteoneselfto你还能想到哪些表示“专注于/致力于做某事”的表达？belostinfocusonbeabsorbedinbeinvolvedinbeengagedinconcentrateon【词汇拓展】devotedadj挚爱的；全心全意的；忠诚的：Herson,towhomshewassodevoted,wentabroadtenyearsago.devotionn[U]献身；忠诚；热爱；专心：devotiontodutyIrespectedhisdevotiontoteaching.ocean英式英语用sea美式英语用oceanhighlighthigh+light原为绘画术语，即最明亮的部分，后引申为“做标记、强调”crueltycruel(adj残忍的)+-ty(名词后缀)反义词：kindnesshuntinghunt(v打猎)+-ing词块：gohunting词族：hunt

hunter

huntingpresentationpresent+-ation；词块：giveapresentationreservev.①

保留；保存；储备：Theseseatsarereservedforspecialguests.Ifyouorderafterthat,wereservetherighttoeitheracceptorrejectorderrequests.I’llreservemyjudgmentuntilIfindalltheevidence.②预订(book)：reservearoom/ticket【词汇拓展】reserven.①

[C][常用复数]储备：oil/goldreserves②[C](野生动植物的)保护区：Thiscoastalareawasnamedanationalwildlifereservelastyear.【词汇拓展】reservationn①[C]&[U]保留；异议：Iacceptyourstatementwithoutreservation(=completely).②[C](旅馆房间、剧院座位等的)预订：I’llcalltherestauranttomakeareservation.staff精准的汉语释义“全体职工”，作主语时谓语动词用复数establish创业start/setup

abusinessestablish

abusinessestablish①

建立；创立；设立(setup)：establishcontact/arelationshipwithThecompanywasestablishedin1980.【辨析】establish公司、机构等（正式用语）setup公司、机构等（日常用语）found公司、机构等（强调提供资金）open商店、餐馆、旅馆等（服务性质）establish②确立；立足；得到认可：By1909,PicassohadestablishedhimselfasapainterofgreattalentinParis.Bythe1920sthefilmindustrywaswellestablishedinHollywood,California.ThisnovelestablishedthereputationhestillenjoystodayasoneofAmerica’sgreatestwriters.►establishedadj已确立的；确定的：anestablishedfactanestablishedcompany分词形容词（表示动作已完成），如advanced,developed,learned等辨析damage,destroy,ruindamage和destroy可谓是形影不离的好朋友，想表达“遭到破坏”到底用哪个词才对呢？我们先来看一篇学生习作。damagen.①

[U]损害；损坏；损失：

Hewashitbyacarandsufferedseriousbraindamage.do/causedamagetoTheproblemisclear:manhasdonegreatdamagetohishomeovertheyears.②

[C][复数]损害赔偿金：Hewasorderedtopaydamagesof$30,000.damagevt.■损害；损坏：(名词动化）Don’tdamageyourhealthforagoodfigure.侧重“损”，可修复destroyvt(必修一Unit6)①

毁坏；摧毁；毁掉

todamagesthsobadlythatitcannolongerbeusedornolongerexists：Thebuildingwascompletelydestroyedbyfire.②消灭；杀死：Thedogattackedachildandhadtobedestroyed.“被雨水毁了的头发”，用哪个词呢？Therainruined

myhair.头发还在，只是“美好的发型”被毁了。在这里，理解英语释义也很重要。◆

destroy:

todamagesthsobadlythatitcannolongerbeusedornolongerexists◆

ruin:todamagesthsobadlythatitlosesallitsvalue,pleasure,etc.ruin①

糟蹋；(完全地)毁坏todamagesthsobadlythatitlosesallitsvalue,pleasure,etc.：Don’tletasmalldisagreementruinyourfriendship.②使破产tomakesbloseallhis/hermoney：Ifshelosesthecourtcaseitwillruinher.n①[U]毁灭；破产：theruinofcivilizationfinancialruin②[C][常用复数]废墟；遗迹；残余：theruinsofRomeinruins成废墟；严重受损小结运用精准的汉语释义和英语释义区分damage,destroy和ruin。◆damage的名词和动词都侧重“损”，表示可修复，常和badly、seriously等副词搭配；◆

destroy侧重“毁”，表示不可修复，不复存在，常和completely、entirely等副词搭配；◆

ruin侧重“毁坏”，使美好的事物失去用途或优良特性，尽管此物仍然存在。头发经常烫、染，容易损伤（damage）头发，需要做护理修复。烫坏、烫焦，头发就毁（destroy）了，只能剪掉。做个美美的发型出门，遇到大雨，头发还在，但发型被毁（ruin）了。drought词根：dryfloodn.①

[C]&[U]洪水；水灾：Theriverwasinflood.Policehaveissuedfloodwarnings.②[C]大批；大量：floodsofrainAsimpleclickcanbringusafloodofmusic,moviesandPCgames.floodv.①

vi&vt(被)淹没；(使)泛滥：Heavyrainfallsfloodedthevillage.②vi(洪水般地)涌进：Individuale-mailboxesaresometimesfloodedwithspame-mails.Whenwevisitedmyoldfamilyhome,memorycamefloodingback.►floodedadj洪水泛滥的►floodingn[U]水灾；洪水泛滥同义异构：pouraffectaffectvt.①

影响toinfluencesb/sth：(基本义）Withthegovernment’said,those(whowere)affectedbytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.affectvt.②

[常用于被动语态]使感动；打动：

Shewasdeeplyaffectedbythestory.③使感染(疾病)：Diseasesaffectalmosteveryoneatsometimeduringtheirlives.词语辨析affect/effect

affect（动词）=

tohaveaninfluenceonsb/sth；影响某人/某事：Doestelevisionaffectchildren’sbehaviour?

effect（名词）=result,influence；作用；影响：

Doestelevisionhaveaneffectonchildren’sbehaviour?

supplywatersupplygassupplyelectricitysupplysupplyn.①

[C]供应量；补给量：Therewasaplentifulsupplyofcheaplabour.Waterisinshortsupply.②［复数］生活必需品；补给品：school/medical/reliefsupplies③[U]供应；供给：supplyanddemandcutofftheelectricitysupply■vt供给；供应；提供：supplysthtosb/supplysbwithsth:Themediasupplieslotsofinformationtouseveryday.restorere-(back回)+store(储存)→重新放回储存→恢复、修复adopt①

收养；领养adoptachild领养孩子②

采用；采纳adoptsuggestions采纳建议sustainablesustain(v维持)+-able→可持续的词块：sustainabledevelopmentbulb词块：a60-wattbulbenergy-saving/energy-efficientbulbsrenewablere-+new+-able词块：renewableenergy/resourcescarbon词块：carbondioxide(CO2)

low-carbonlifestyle

carbonfootprintgreenhousegreen+house词块：greenhouseeffectreusablere+use+-ableV.S.brochurereduce零浪费5R原则拒绝(refuse)你不需要的东西减少

(reduce)需要的物品重复使用(reuse)现有的物品回收利用(recycle)无法使用的物品分解(rot)不可回收物品reducevt&vi缩减；减少：Thepricehasbeenreducedfrom$10to$8.Eatingjuston