Unit+1+People+of+Achievement+Key+Words+and+expressions+高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

Unit1PeopleofAchievementKeywordsandexpressionscrucialadj.becrucialto/for…对于…至关重要Itiscrucialthat…极为重要的是…;关键是…that从句中谓语形式为(should)+v原形

,(crucial)bothsinginganddancingtendtobegroupactivities.Itiscrucialthatallstudents

(develop)thesebasicskills.Itiscrucialthattheproblem

(solve)immediately.Crucially(should)develop(should)besolved至关重要的；关键性的Makingrightcareerchoices_____________________________.做出正确的职业选择对个人成功至关重要。Itiscrucialthattheproblem__________________immediately.

关键是要马上处理这一问题。Parents_____________________preparingtheirchildforschool.父母对孩子做好上学的准备起着至关重要的作用。iscrucialtopersonalsuccessplayacrucialrolein【练一练】

(should)bedealtwithvitaladj.bevitalto/for…Itisvitaltodo…Itisvitalthat…对于…至关重要做…至关重要至关重要的是…that从句中谓语形式为(should)+v原形Itisvitalthatyou

(keep)accuraterecords.Itisvital

(get)medicalsuppliestotheareaassoonaspossible.It'snot

(vital)importantthatwegetextrafundingfortheprojectbutitwouldhelp.Understandinghistoryisvitalto

(understand)ourselvesasapeopleandasanation.(should)keeptogetvitallyunderstanding必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的【练一练】1.Itisvitalthatwe___________(be)inagoodstateofmindinthefaceoffailure.2.Understandinghistoryisvital________understandingourselvesasapeopleandasanation.3.Readingis_____vitalimportanceinlearninglanguage.翻译：1.信守诺言非常重要。2.了解历史对于了解我们作为一个民族和一个国家至关重要。to/for(should)beItisvitaltokeeppromises.Understandinghistoryisvitalto/forunderstandingourselvesasapeopleandasanation.ofcommit

vt.&vi.承诺；保证（某个人、机构等）；忠于；全心全意投入（工作、活动）犯（错误、罪行等）todosomethingwrongorillegal

commitmurder/acrime/a

mistake/suicide(2)vt.&vi.(使)承担义务；（使）做出保证

tomakeadefiniteagreementorpromisetodosth.a:Atalentscientistswellknownforhiscommitmenttohiscountry,HuangDaniancommittedhimselftohisresearchingeophysics.黄大年是一位以献身祖国而闻名的天才科学家，他致力于地球物理学研究。b:Bothsidescommittedthemselvestosettletheconflictspeacefully.vt.投入tospendmoneyortimeonsth/sb:Hecommitsanhourtoreadingthenewspapereverymorning.--commitmentn.奉献；投入；承诺--committedadj.尽心尽力的；坚定的willingtoworkveryhardatsth.TuYouyouisacommittedandpatientscientist.commitvt./vi.commitoneselftodosth.commitoneselfto(doing)sth.becommittedto(doing)sth.承诺/保证做某事;遵守协议或安排等致力于做某事;承诺做某事致力于做某事;承诺做某事committed

adj.commitmentn.尽心尽力的,坚定的;坚信的承诺;保证;奉献,献身;投入vt.承诺，保证；做（错事），犯（罪）；投入（钱、时间、人力等）

vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)【练一练】1.Hecommittedhimself____thecauseofeducation.2.Mr.Liisa___________(commit)teacher,whoisverypopularamongstudents.3.Thisdevelopmentarea_______________（致力于）creatingaperfectinvestmentenvironment.4.Therewasnodoubtthathercolleague____________________（犯了罪）andwasputintoprison.5.Ifyouareseriousaboutourrelationship,youshould__________________（做出承诺）.tocommittediscommittedtocommittedacrimemakeacommitmentcommit/commitmentAreyoureadytomakealong-termcommitment?Iwasimpressedbytheeffortandcommitmentshownbytheplayers.Wearegratefultothegovernmentforitscommitmentsoffoodandmedicalaid.Bradycommittedaseriesofbrutalmurders.Thejudgecommittedhimtoprisonforsixmonths.承诺奉献投入犯(罪)监禁objectiveobjectn./vi.物体,实物；目的,宗旨；反对objectto(doing)sth.反对(做)某事objectionn.[C/U]反对；异议Sheobjectedto

(rewrite)thearticle.Thelawyerhadno

(object)tothejudgement.Lookatyourskills

(objective)whendecidingonacareerchange.rewritingobjectionsubjectiveadj.主观的objectivelyn.[C]目标；目的adj.客观的distinctadj.bedistinctfrom…与…不同=bedifferentfrom…Thelearningneedsofthetwogroupsarequite

fromeachother.Theoutlineoftheshipbecamemore

.Beerhasvery

smell;it'squite

fromthesmellofwine.distinctdistinctionbetweenAandBA和B之间的区别distinctiveadj.独特的，有特色的distinctdistinctivedistinct清晰的；清楚的；有区别的

6.acknowledgev.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢[教材原句]

However,TuYouyouwouldnotacknowledgedefeat.

然而，屠呦呦不承认失败。【常见搭配】acknowledgedoing/havingdone

sth.

承认做了某事acknowledgesth./sb.tobe/as...

承认某事/某人是......acknowledgethat...

承认…Itis(widely/generally)acknowledgedthat...人们(普遍)认为……【词汇拓展】acknowledgementn.承认;（公开的）感谢【练一练】1.TuYouyou__________________________oneofthegreatestscientistsintheworld.=___________________________TuYouyouisoneofthegreatestscientistsintheworld.2.Withnosolidevidence,herefusedtoacknowledge

___(steal)the

lady’spurse.3.Iwouldliketo____________allthehelpIhavereceivedfrommyfamily.iswidelyacknowledgedas/tobeItiswidelyacknowledgedthatstealingacknowledge7.defeatn.失败；挫败

vt.击败；战胜suffer(a)defeat遭遇失败

acknowledge/admit/acceptdefeat认输defeattheenemy击败敌人【词语辨析】defeat，beat与windefeat/beat都表示在战斗中或竞赛中“战胜、打败(对手)”，后接竞争对手，可以互换，如

beat/defeattheteam/competitor...win

战胜、赢得。其宾语通常是比赛、战争、奖品或表尊重、崇拜

之类意义的词，如winagame/match/race/prize。竞争对手不能作其宾语。但可说winoversb.，指把某人争取过来）YesterdayI__________Hanksinthematch.He____onlyoneset，whileI___two.昨天在比赛中我赢了汉克斯。他只赢了一局，而我赢了两局。defeated/beatwonwon8.insist

vi.&vt.坚持；坚决要求[教材原句]

TuYouyouandherteammemberseveninsistedontestingthemedicineonthemselvestomakesurethatitwassafe.

屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持要在自己身上测试这种药，以确保它的安全性。【常见搭配】insiston/upondoingsth.坚持要做某事insistthat...

(1)表示“坚持说，坚持认为”时，从句用陈述语气Thewomaninsiststhatherhusbandisanhonestmanandcan’tdoit.(2)表示“坚持，坚决要求”时，从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略Thedoctorinsistedthatmymother(should)stayathomeforatleasttendays.【练一练】1.Thebravecaptaininsistedon_________(head)

tothedestinationinthestorm.2.HeinsistedthatI____________(take)backwhatIsaid,butIinsistedthatmywords___________(be)right.3.Sheinsistedthattheman______________(steal)herwalletandthathe_____________(send)tothepolicestation.

heading(should)takewerehadstolen(should)besent句式1：Artemisininhasbecomeavitalpartofthetreatmentformalaria,andisthoughttosave100,000livesayearinAfricaalone.青蒿素成了抗疟疾药物的关键成分，据估计每年仅在非洲就挽救了10万人的性命。(1)“sb./sth.bethoughtto...”结构表示“.......被认为……”，可与“It’sthoughtthat”互换。类似用法的词还有said,believed,considered,reported等。

besaidto...=It’ssaidthat据说……bereportedto...=It’sreportedthat据报道……bebelievedto...=It’sbelievedthat人们相信……beclaimedto...=It’sclaimedthat据声称……完成句子：据报道，得这种新疾病的人症状不一Differentpeoplewiththenewdisease_______________(report)havediversesymptoms.=_________________differentpeoplewiththenewdiseasehavediversesymptoms.arereportedtoIt’sreportedthat(2)“sb./sth.bethought(过去分词)to...”结构中，不定式有时态和语态的变化。to

do(表示一般情况或动作将要发生)tobedoing(表示动作正在进行)tohavedone(表示动作已完成)tobedone（表示被动且动作将要发生）tohavebeendone（表示被动且动作已完成）例：bethoughtMrSmithissaid_______________________nextmonth.据说，史密斯先生下个月会出国。MrSmithissaid_____________________________threetimes.据说，史密斯先生已经出国三次了。MrSmithissaid_________________________________abroadnow.据说，史密斯先生现在正在国外学习。togoabroadtohavebeenabroadtobestudying句式2.UponhearingthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize,shesaid,“Thehonourisnotjustmine...”当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖的消息时，她说：“荣誉不只是属于我自己……”[句式剖析]在本句中，Uponhearing…是“upon+动词-ing形式”构成介词短语，在句中作时间状语。upon还可换为介词on，表示一件事情紧接着另一件事情发生。这种用法常见于正式文体中，译为“在……的时候；当……时；一……就……”Uponreceivingaphonecallfromhiswifesayingshehadafall,Mr.Greenimmediatelyrushedhomefromhisoffice.句式2.UponhearingthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize,shesaid,“Thehonourisnotjustmine...”当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖的消息时，她说：“荣誉不只是属于我自己……”[拓展]有时也可用“upon/on+名词”形式表达相同的意思。Upon/ontheirreturntothecountry,thegirlsinthenationalvolleyballteamreceivedpraiseandfreshflowers.改写句子：1.I’lltellherthenewsassoonasIseeher.→________________her,I’lltellherthenews.2.Assoonastheyarrivedatthevillage,thesecollegestudentswenttohelpthefarmerswiththeirwork.→__________________atthevillage,thesecollegestudentswenttohelpthefarmerswiththeirwork.→__________________atthevillage,thesecollegestudentswenttohelpthefarmerswiththeirwork.Upon/OnseeingUpon/OnarrivingUpon/Ontheirarrivalacknowledgevt.acknowledgethat…beacknowledgedas/tobe…Itisacknowledgedthat…承认…被认为是…人们认为…Thefilmfestivalisacknowledged

aneventofinternationalimportance.Itisatruthuniversally

(acknowledge)thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortune,mustbeinwantofawife.asacknowledgementn.承认/感谢acknowledged

承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢insistvi./vt.insiston(doing)sth.坚持(做)某事insistencen.[U]坚决要求insistentadj.坚决要求的；持续不断的insistthat…①坚持要求…【that从句中使用虚拟语气，谓语形式(should)+v原形。】②坚持认为(所谓事实)…【that从句中使用陈述语气,谓语形式根据语义改变。】坚持；坚决要求【练一练】Istillinsist

myviewpoint.Heinsistedon

(pay)forthemeal.HeinsistedthatI

(stay)athome.Shewas

(insist)thattheyshouldallmeetfordinner.Theladyinsistedthattheboy

(steal)hermoneyandthathe

(arrest).onpaying(should)stayinsistenthadstolenbearrestedconclusionn.cometoaconclusionthat…reachaconclusionthat…drawaconclusionthat…得出结论…inconclusionbring…toaconclusion总之结束…concludefrom…that…Itisconcludedthat…concludewithsth.从…中推断出…结论是…以…而结束Theprogramconcluded

asong.Whatcanyouconclude

whathesaid?Whenhebringshisspeechtoanice

(conclude),Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.

It

(conclude)thattheyagreedtomakejointefforttoimprovetheworkingconditions.withfromconclusionwasconcluded【练一练】circumstancen.in/under…circumstances在…的情况下in/underthecircumstances在这种情况下It'sthebestresultthatcouldbeexpected

thecircumstances.Undernocircumstances

(他决不会借钱给John).in/underin/undernocircumstances无论如何都不；决不willhelendmoneytoJohn.passionn.[C/U]Beinggoodatsomethingandhavingapassion

itarenotenough.Successdependsfundamentallyonourviewofourselvesandoftheeventsinourlives.Weareboth

(passion)aboutacting,whichcomesfromusbeingsointerestedinpeople.

haveapassionfor(doing)sth.对(做)某事有热情forflyintoapassion勃然大怒=flyintoatemperpassionatebepassionateabout…对…狂热/酷爱consequencen.Daviddidn'tworkhard,sohis

(consequence)failurewasinevitable.Shewasabrightandeagerstudentand,