ship-knowledge(英文版船舶知识)2

Lecture1.ShipTypesandshipwiseShipstypesandimportantcharacteristicsfordifferentships.Ship’sterms.Shipknowledge2.Shipdesign3.Shipform&performance

5.Forcesonaship6.Shipstructure7.Shippropulsion8.Shipvibration&noise9.Shipstability4.Thebuildingofaship10.Offshorestructures

1.ShiptypesandshipwiseInthischapter,differenttypesofshipsandtheircharacteristicsareintroduced.Somepicturesofshipsareshown.Thecontentsinclude:(continued)ShipknowledgeLecture1

Shiptypes

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1.Shiptypes-OiltankersAnoiltanker,alsoknownasapetroleumtanker,isashipdesignedforthebulktransportofoil.OilTankerOiltankerTanker(液货船)，chemicaltanker,LiquefiedPetroleumGastankerLiquefiedNaturalGastankerBulkliquidcargoIndividualtanksLongitudinalandtransversebulkheadsDischargeCargopumpOiltankerPumproomSuction,drawupDoublebottomLightship,emptyvoyageLoadedvoyagesSloptanks(onballasttank)forstoringcontaminatedresidueLargeamountsofpipingDischargemanifoldOiltankerMidshipsPort,starboardHose-handlingderricksDeadweighttonne(alsoDWT)VLCC(verylargecrudeoilcarrier,more150,000DWT)OilTankerConstructionBulk/orecarrierconstructionCenterholdforOreHighdoublebottom(forballastandraisingcenterofgravity)ShipknowledgeLecture1

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1.Shiptypes-Oiltankers

Therearetwobasictypesofoiltankers:thecrudetankerandtheproducttanker.Crudetankersmovelargequantitiesofunrefinedcrudeoilfromitspointofextractiontorefineries.Producttankers,generallymuchsmaller,aredesignedtomovepetrochemicalsfromrefineriestopointsnearconsumingmarkets.ShipknowledgeCrudeoiltankersCharacteristics:Havingalimitednumberoftanks,normallyhaving2-3sloptanks.Double-hullisrequired,accordingtonewrules.Crudeoilistherawproductaspumpedoutoftheearth,onlycleanedfromwaterandsand.Lecture1

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1.ShiptypesTocarrycrudeoilfromaloadingportnearanoilfieldtoarefinery.ShipknowledgeCrudeoiltankersTypes:UltraLargeCrudeCarrier(ULCC)>300,000dwt.VeryLargeCrudeCarrier(VLCC)>200,000–300,000dwtSuezmax(oldmaxdraught)ca.150,000-160,000dwtAframax(standardsizetankofca.105,000dwt.)Lecture1

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1.ShiptypesThelargedraughtofULCCsandVLCCsrestrictsthesailingroutesandtheportsforloadinganddischargingtheoil.

ShipknowledgeProducttankersLecture1

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1.Shiptypes“Produce”referstotheproductsofrefineriesandthepetrochemicalindustries,contrarytocrudeoil.Smallertankers,rangingfromwellunder10,000

DWTto80,000

DWT

Panamaxvessels,generallycarryrefinedpetroleumproducts,andareknownasproducttankers.Possiblecargo:oilproducts,likegasoline,dieseloil,lubricatingoil…vegetableoilwinedrinkingwaterorangejuiceShipknowledgeOilTankers

CrudetankersVSproducttankerThepipingsystemsonaproducttankeraredifferentfromthatincrudetankers.Coatingandqualityofinternaltanksurfaceofproducttankersaredifferentfromthatforcrudetankers.

Thesupertankerscanoftennotenterportfullyloaded.Theseshipscantakeontheircargoatoff-shoreplatformsandsingle-pointmoorings.Ontheotherendofthejourney,theyoftenpumptheircargoofftosmallertankersatdesignatedlighteringpointsoff-coast.Asupertanker'sroutesaregenerallylong,requiringittostayatseaforextendedperiods,uptoandbeyond70daysatatime.ShipknowledgeLecture1

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1.Shiptypes-OiltankersShipknowledgeLecture1

Shiptypes

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1.Shiptypes-OiltankersShipknowledge

Oiltankershavebeeninvolvedinanumberofdamagingandhigh-profile

oilspills.Theyaresubjectto

stringentdesignand

operationalregulations.

Doublehullformmustbeusedifthedeadweightis

5000tonsandabove.Lecture1

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1.Shiptypes-OiltankersCoatingsPSPCAlltankerssubjecttotheCommonStructuralRulesmustcomplywithPerformanceStandardProtectiveCoatingestablishedbytheIMO.ShipknowledgeLecture1

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1.Shiptypes-OiltankersShipknowledgeLNG/LPGtankersgas

pressurisedlowtemperatureliquid

Space1/600Lecture1

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1.ShiptypesShipknowledgeLNG/LPGtankers3maincategories:Pressurizedships,cargounderpressureatambienttemperature,Fullyinsulated/fullyrefrigeratedships,cargoatatmosphericpressureatlowtemperature,SemipressurizedshipsFullypressurizedships:ForLPG,8Barpressureinmoderatetemperature,15Barpressureundertropicalcircumstances.Fullyrefrigeratedships:ForLPGs,-42oC;ForLNGs,-162oCLecture1

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1.ShiptypesShipknowledgeLNG/LPGtankersInallgastankers,thetanksarekeptunderasmallpositivepressure,topreventairtoenterthetank,whatcouldcreateanexplosivemixture,loadingandunloadingiscarriedoutinacompletelyclosedsystem,Thegascargoiscarriedinindependenttanks.Incaseofleakage,theliquidshouldneverbeincontactwiththeprimeconstruction.Characteristics:totaltankcapacity(m^3)maximaltankpressureminimalcargotemperaturetimeneedforloadinganddischargingcoolingdowntimeInertingcapacityLecture1

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1.ShiptypesShipknowledgeLNG/LPGtankers4Tankstypes:Tankofflatpanelconstruction,insideahold(forfullyrefrigeratedcargos)Sphericalsteeltankplacedinahold(forfullyrefrigeratedcargos)Cylindrical,horizontaltanks(forfullypressurizedcargos)Box-typeMembranetanksLecture1

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1.ShiptypesShipknowledgeLNG/LPGtankersLecture1

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1.ShiptypesThetankboundarystructuresaretobedesignedtowithstandcargosloshingpressure.TheCSRincorporateaprocedureforsloshingassessment.SloshingSloshingandslamminginprismaticLNGtanksareofmainconcern.LNGLNGConstructionShipknowledgePassengerShipsExpectedfeaturesspeedcomfortsafetyreliabilityconvenienceCharacteristics:Equippedwithgoodairconditioningsystem.Equippedwithstabilizersoranti-rollingfinstolimitrollingangleto2degree,ultimately4degree.Numberofpersonsonboardcanbeashighas4000.Crewishalfor2/3ofthattotalpersons.Lecture1

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1.ShiptypesShipknowledgePassengerShipsBuiltin1990PassengersNumber:1912PCrewsnumber:619PState:EnglandItnowincludes4restaurants,8bars,atheatre,acasino,agym,2pools,aspa,achildren'sclub,andaninternetcafé.

OceanvillagetwoLecture1

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1.ShiptypesPassengerShipPassengerShipconstructionShipknowledgePassengerShipsSafety:ThedemandsarestatedintheSOLAS,“Construction-Fireprotection,firedetectionandfireextinction.PartA:GeneralPartB:Firesafetymeasuresforpassengerships.PartC:Firesafetymeasuresforcargoships.PartD:Firesafetymeasuresfortankers.Lecture1

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1.ShiptypesHovercraft

ShipknowledgeLecture1

Shiptypes

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1.ShiptypesWhyaHovercraft?Awell-designedhovercraftissuperiortoaboatbecauseIthaslessdragandrequireslesshorsepowertooperate.

100%morefuel-efficientthanaboatwithsimilarcapacityorsize.

Risingfuelpricesandshortageswillmakethehovercraftadesirableformoftransportation.Hovercraftridemuchsmootherthanboatsbecausetheytraveloverthesurfaceofthewater,notthroughit.

withnoconcernfordepthorhiddenobstacles.

goagainstthecurrentofariverwithnospeedreduction.

anexcellentrescuevehicle.ShipknowledgeInsummary,whatwehavelearntinthischapter:Shipstypes,especiallythedisplacementship,suchascontainerships,bulkcarriers,oiltankers,passengershipsandLNG/LPG,andthecharacteristicsforeachtype.Ship’sterms.Lecture1

Shiptypes

&shipwise一般状况检验

GENERALCONDITIONSURVEY

在该轮大副在场的情况下进行了一般状况检验，除某年7月25日签发的起租检验报告No.XXXXXX中所述的外，未发现有进一步的损坏。Generalcondition，surveywascarriedoutinthepresenceoftheship’sChiefOfficerandnofurtherdamagewasfoundexceptthosedescribedinon-hiresurveyreportNo.XXXXXXdatedJuly25。各货舱的腐蚀情况表达如下：Thedetailsofcorrosionconditionincargoholdsweredescribedasfollows:据该轮船长告称该轮于某年11月25日在BanarAbbas港卸下34,696公吨磷酸盐后，经货物检验师的同意，根据承租人的指示，各货舱仅作了清洁清扫。在某年11月26日至12月14日期间，该轮在BanarAbbas港装载钢块和钢筋。当该轮航行至上海并于某年1月17日至27日期间卸货后，船长发现所有货舱均有腐蚀痕迹，油漆大面积剥落。Itwasstatedbytheship’sMasterthataftertheshipdischarging34,696M/TofDiammoniumphosphateatBanarAbbasonNov.25,(year),thecargoholdswereonlysweptcleanasinstructedbytheChartererinconsequenceofthecargosurveyor’sagreement.Theshiploadedsteelslabs&barsstillatBanarAbbasduringtheperiodofNov.26–Dec.14,(year).AftertheshipsailedtoShanghaianddischargedfromJan.17to27,(year),theMasterfoundallcargoholdsshowingsignsofcorrosionandlargeareasofpaintpeeledoff.检验查明

UPONTHESURVEYFOUND

在所有货舱内，两端横舱壁、两舷船壳板及肋骨、顶边舱和下底边舱斜板、舱口围板、内底板均有不同程度的腐蚀，特别是，油漆脱落或剥落都集中在所有货舱两端横舱壁的下部。除第5货舱后平面舱壁和第1货舱前平面舱壁外，其它横舱壁均为槽形舱壁。在平面舱壁上的油漆呈均匀剥落，槽形舱壁上的油漆仅在凸面剥落。Inallcargoholds,bothendtransversebulkheads,bothsideshellplating&frames,slopingplatingsoftopsidetanks&lowerhoppertanks,hatchcoamingsandinnerbottomplatingwerecorrodedinvariousdegrees,andespeciallydetachedorpeeledpaintconcentratedatthelowerpartsofbothendtransversebulkheadsinallholds.ExcepttheaftplanebulkheadinNo.5holdandforeplanebulkheadinNo.1holdtheremainingtransversebulkheadsareofcorrugatedtype.Thepaintonplanebulkheadswasuniformlypeeledandpaintoncorrugatedbulkheadspeeledonlyonconvexsurfaces.所有货舱均可以明显地发现以前装载的散装化肥的装货痕迹，即均在顶边舱斜板的下面。舱壁、船壳板以及肋骨的锈蚀的情况相同。Inallcargoholds,thetoploadingmarksoffertilizerinbulkpreviouslycarriedcouldbeobviouslyfound,i.e.allbelowtheslopingplatingoftopsidetanks.Thebulkheads,shellplatingandframeswerecorrodedandrustedinsimilarcondition.所有货舱的槽形舱壁凸面的下部和平面舱壁的下部大面积油漆剥落处，可以发现剩余的油漆约有3-4层并也已脱落，油漆铲除后，发现下面的钢板已腐蚀。槽形舱壁凹面的油漆没有剥落，但有小的和很小的锈点以及脱落。锈蚀普及所有舱壁的上部。Onthelowerpartsoftheconvexitiesofthecorrugatedbulkheadsandtheplanebulkheadsinallholdswherelargeareasofpaintwerepeeledoff,theremainingpaintcouldbefoundtobesuperimposedwithapprox.3-4coatingsandalsodetached,andafterthepaintthereonbeingchoppedoff,thesteelplatesbehindwerefoundcorroded.Thepaintontheconcavitiesofthecorrugatedbulkheadswasn’tpeeledoff,butrustedinminor&veryminorspotsanddetached.Corrosionandrustspreadallovertheupperpartsofthebulkheads.油漆剥落情况PAINTPEELING-OFFCONDITION:第一货舱No.1CargoHold后槽形横舱壁在10米及以下范围内的凸面上的油漆大面积剥落约为总面积的1/3。Largeareasofpaintontheconvexitiesatandbelowtheheightof10moftheaftcorrugatedtransversebulkheadwerepeeledoffabout1/3oftotalarea.前平面横舱壁下部的油漆少量成条状剥落。Veryminorpaintonthelowerpartofforeplanetransversebulkheadwaspeeledoffinstrips.两舷底边舱的斜边板上的油漆成条状剥落并有不大于总面积的1/4的油漆脱落。Thepaintontheslopingplatingofbothsidehoppertankswaspeeledoffinstripsanddetachedlessthan1/4oftotalarea.两舷肋骨面板上的油漆少量剥落。Minorpaintonthefaceplatesofbothsideframeswaspeeledoff.第二货舱No.2CargoHold前槽形横舱壁在5米及以下范围内的凸面上的油漆少量剥落。Minorpaintonthelowerpartsofconvexitiesatandbelowtheheightof5mofthefore&aftcorrugatedbulkheadswaspeeledoff.两舷底边舱的斜边板上的油漆少量剥落。Minorpaintontheslopingplatingofbothsidehoppertankswaspeeledoff.第三货舱No.3CargoHold后槽形横舱壁在4米及以下范围内的凸面上的油漆呈大面积剥落，约少于总面积的二分之一。在4米以上范围内的凸面上的油漆呈少量剥落。Largeareasofpaintontheconvexitiesatandbelowtheheightof4moftheaftcorrugatedbulkheadwaspeeledofflessthan1/2oftotalareaandminorpaintonconvexitiesabovetheheightof4mwaspeeledoff.前槽形横舱壁在5米及以下范围内的凸面上的油漆呈大面积剥落，在中部约船宽1/3处约为总面积的二分之一。Largeareaofpaintontheconvexitiesatandbelowtheheightof5.0moftheforecorrugatedtransversebulkheadandatmiddleabout1/3ofship’sbreadthwaspeeledoffapprox.1/2oftotalarea.两舷底边舱的斜边板上的油漆呈大面积剥落，约为总面积的二分之一。Largeareaofpaintonslopingplatingofbothsidehoppertankswaspeeledoffapprox.½oftotalarea.肋骨面板上的油漆少量剥落。Minorpaintonthefaceplatesofframeswaspeeledoff.第五货舱No.5CargoHold后平面横舱壁在3.5米及以下处的油漆呈大面积剥落，约为总面积的五分之一。Largeareaofpaintatandbelowtheheightof3.5moftheaftplanetransversebulkheadwaspeeledoffapprox.1/2oftotalarea.前槽形横舱壁在4米及以下范围内的凸面上的油漆除两舷外全部剥落。Thepaintontheconvexitiesatandbelowtheheightof4moftheforecorrugatedtransversebulkheadwaspeeledoffalloverexceptonbothsides.两舷底边舱的斜边板上的油漆少量成条状或点状剥落。Minorpaintontheslopingplatingofbothsidehoppertankswaspeeledoffinstripsorspots.所有货舱内的内底板都被以前装运的货物的剩余物〔块状或粉状的〕覆盖，仅发现少量部位处的油漆剥落。Theinnerbottomplatinginallcargoholdswasgenerallycoveredwithremnants(agglomeratedorpowdery)fromcargopreviouslycarriedandthepaintthereonwasfoundpeeledoffonlyatminorlocations.以下署名的验船师的意见〔无偏见〕THEUNDERSIGNED’SOPINIONWITHOUTPREJUDICE总之，所有货舱的内部构件均腐蚀，即油漆均有不同程度的锈蚀、脱落和剥落。Ingeneral,theinteriorstructuralmembersinallcargoholdswerecorroded,paintwasrusted,detachedandpeeledoffinvariousdegrees.所有货舱内都能明显发现以前装运化肥的痕迹，它们均在顶边舱斜底板和船壳板的交