北师大版(2019)选择性必修第一册Unit3 Conservation Lesson1 The Sixth Extinction语法课件

Unit3Conservation

GrammarFocusGrammar—Relativeclauses(IV)定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句修饰名词或代词，表明所修饰的是哪个人或物。非限制性定语从句提供句子意义以外的额外信息。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确。非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思。限制性定语从句与主句之间，无需用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句与主句之间，通常用逗号分开；如非限定性定语从句位于句子中间，其前后都需要用逗号隔开。RelativeClauses限制性定语从句(defining)是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。Iwastheonlypersonwhowasinvitedin

myoffice.Themanwhocamehereyesterday

hascomeagain.非限制性定语从句(non-defining)和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。Jenny,withwhomIplayedtabletennisyesterday,livesinmynextroom.ThatisMr.Wang,whosedaughterteachesEnglishatamiddleschool.注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that，指人时用who(主语)，

whom(宾语)，指物时须用which。SummarySummary定语从句的引导词关系代词关系副词指人who(主语、宾语),whom(宾语)，that(主语、宾语),whose(定语)指物that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语)whose(定语)where(地点状语)when(时间状语)why(原因状语)限制性定语从句由that引导时，先行词可以是人，也可以是物；

非限制性定语从句不能用that引导。在限制性定语从句中，引导词who/whom/which/that在从句中作宾语时可以省略。在非限制性定语从句中，即使引导词who/whom/which在从句中作宾语，也不能省略。

例如：ThismorningImetChris,whom/whoIhadn’tseenforages.（whom/who不能省略）在which引导的非限制性定语从句中，which可以指代前面整个句子的情况。

例如：Joegotthejob,whichsurprisedeverybody.当非限制性定语从句修饰整个主句时，其关系代词可以用as和which，但位于句首不能用which，只能用as。例如：As

Iexpected,

hedidn’tbelieveme.Grammar—Relativeclauses(IV)要点Grammar—Relativeclauses(IV)Studythefollowingexamples.DefiningrelativeclausesNon-definingrelativeclauses对比Grammar—Relativeclauses(IV)限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句PracticeUnderlinetherelativeclausesinthesentencesanddecideiftheyaredefining(D)ornon-defining(ND).TranslatethemintoChinese.()1Hewenttoacitywhereironwasproducedinhugequantities.()2ThebuswhichwasfulloftouristsstoppedneartheLeaningTower

ofPisa.()3Melissalentmesomemoney,whichwasverygenerousofher.()4Thegroundiscoveredwithsnowandice,whichmakesdrivingvery

dangerous.()5Imetthefamousprofessorinthehotel,wherethemeetingwasheld.NDNDNDDDUseproperrelativepronouns/adverbstocompletethefollowingsentences.1Thelibrary________studentsoftenstudywasonfirelastnight.2Thelibrary,_______wasbuiltinthe1930s,needsrepairing.3Thelibrary________youvisitedyesterdaywasbuiltin1990.4Thewoman,________husbandhadrecentlytravelledtoWuhan,wastestedpositivefortheinfection.5Thisistheroom,_______doorwasbrokenyesterday.wherewhichwhichwhosewhosePractice6Wewillneverforgettheday_______thepeoplewerepreventedfromleaving

andenteringWuhan,thecentralChinesecity,______thenovelcoronavirusfirst

emergedlastmonth.7Thespecialistsandmedicalworkersaremakingalltheireffortstofindoutthe

reasons________NCP(新冠肺炎)brokeout.8Therewerealsopopularvideosondifferentsocialmediaplatforms,_______peopleareshowingtheirdailyexerciseroutine.wherewhywherewhenPracticeGrammar限制性定语从句由that引导时，先行词可以是人，也可以是物；

非限制性定语从句不能用that引导。在限制性定语从句中，引导词who/whom/which/that在从句中作宾语时可以省略。在非限制性定语从句中，即使引导词who/whom/which在从句中作宾语，也不能省略。例如：ThismorningImetChris,whom/whoIhadn’tseenforages.

（whom/who不能省略）在which引导的非限制性定语从句中，which可以指代前面整个句子的情况。

例如：Joegotthejob,whichsurprisedeverybody.当非限制性定语从句修饰整个主句时，其关系代词可以用as和which，但位于句首不能用which，只能用as。

例如：As

Iexpected,

hedidn’tbelieveme.Completeeachsentenceusingtheappropriaterelativewords.Practice1.What’sthenameoftheman______caryouborrowed?2.Itissnowingheavily,______makeschildrenfeelexcited.3.Whoisthepersonto______youspokeonthephone?4.Theplace______wespentourholidayswasreallybeautiful.5.______Iexpected,hegotthefirstplaceagaininthisexamination.6.Haveyoufoundthekeys___________youlost?7.Alaska,______mybrotherlives,isthelargeststateintheUSA.8.Sunsetisdefinedasthemoment______thewholeofthesun’sdiscdisappearsb