高中英语Unit4SpaceandExploration重点语法单元写作（教师版）

高中英语【人教版2019】必修第三册Unit4SpaceandExploration重点语法+单元写作【问题查找】单句语法填空1.Theyaredetermined_____________(recycle)theirgarbagebecausetheywanttoprotecttheenvironment.2.Theairport_____________(plete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.3.Hehurriedtothetrainstation,only_____________(find)thetrainhadleft.4._____________(save)energy,weturnoffthelightsforEarthHouronthelastSaturdayinMarch.5.However,ourdiscussionsaremorethanjustaway_____________(practice)ourdebatingskills.6.Doyouknowwhoisthefirstpersonthatgot_____________(marry)inspace?Keys:1.torecycle2.tobepleted3.tofind4.Tosave5.topractice6.married【要点精讲】【重点语法】动词不定式作定语或状语不定式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾补。高考侧重考查不定式作定语和状语的用法。1.不定式作定语(1)不定式作定语通常要放在被修饰词的后面，往往表示将要发生的动作。Theweatherwillbesunnyinthedaystoe.未来几天将是晴天。(2)中心词是序数词、形容词最高级、thelast/theonly/thenext或被这些词修饰时，用不定式作定语。ZhangJianisthefirstChinesetoswimacrosstheBohaiSea.张健是第一个游过渤海的中国人。Hewastheonlyonetofinishthetaskontime.他是唯一一个按时完成任务的人。(3)抽象名词time,way,reason,chance,courage,opportunity,ability等后以及不定代词something,nothing,little等后常用不定式作定语。Asubwayisaneffectivewaytosolvetrafficproblemsinabigcity.地铁是解决大城市交通问题的有效方法。(4)“therebe＋主语＋todo”和have(有)sth.todo结构中，不定式作后置定语。Thereisnothingtoworryabout.没什么可担心的。Hehasalotofworktodotoday.今天他有大量的活要干。2.不定式作状语(1)作目的状语。可位于句首或句末，其前可加inorder/soas，但soasto不可位于句首。Igotupearly(inorder)tocatchthe6：30train.我早起是为了赶那趟六点半的火车。(2)作原因状语。Iamgladtoseeyou.见到你很高兴。Hesmiledtothinkofacleverplan.想到了一个聪明的计划，他笑了。(3)作结果状语，表示出人意料或不太好的结果，常与only连用；而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。Ihurriedtothepostoffice,onlytofinditclosed.我急忙赶到邮局，结果发现邮局关门了。【单元话题写作】正反观点对比类议论文写作指导此类议论文一般用来介绍针对某一问题出现的两种或多种不同的观点、看法。文章一般使用三段或四段式：第一段：点题，介绍讨论的具体问题。第二段：陈述正方的观点和理由。第三段：陈述反方的观点和理由。如果题目中要求出现个人观点，则可以在第四段中陈述个人观点，或者总结归纳正文陈述的正反两方的观点。常用表达1.Recently,ourclasshavehadaheateddiscussionaboutwhether...2.I'mwritingtotellyouaboutthediscussionwehavehadabout...3.Therearetwoopinionsonit./Opinionsaredividedonthequestion.4.Besides/Inaddition/Apartfrom/What'smore/Ononehand...ontheotherhand...5.Onthecontrary/However/While/But...6.Inaword.../Inshort.../Inbrief.../Insummary...7.Generallyspeaking,moststudentsthinkthatweshould...8.Personally,Ibelieveitis.../Inmyopinion,Ithink...写作训练最近你校学生就“钱是否能带来幸福”这一话题进行了一场激烈的辩论，辩论的内容如下所示：正方反方1.生活离不开钱2.钱可以解决很多问题3.钱使生活更舒适1.钱不是万能的2.钱买不到健康3.太在乎金钱会失去人生的意义请根据以上素材为某英语报刊写一篇英语稿件，介绍这次辩论的内容，并谈谈我们应该如何看待金钱。注意：1.词数80左右；2.开头已给出，不计入总词数；3.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Recentlywehavehadadiscussionaboutwhethermoneycanbringushappiness.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________审题谋篇【审题】写作要求是一篇正反观点对比类议论文，写作应注意以下几点：1.确定文体：议论文，而且是正反观点对比类议论文。2.主体时态：应以一般现在时为主。3.主体人称：以第一人称为主。【谋篇】第一段：点出要辩论的主题。第二段：正方观点。第三段：反方观点。第四段：个人观点。遣词造句【核心词汇】1.如此……以至于____________________2.另外____________________3.过着舒适的生活____________________4.认为……很重要____________________5.把……看作……____________________Keys:1.如此……以至于so...that2.另外inaddition3.过着舒适的生活liveafortablelife4.认为……很重要attachmuchimportanceto...5.把……看作……regard...as...【连词成句】1.有些学生认为钱如此重要以至于没有钱我们无法生存。Somestudentsthinkthat_______________________________________________________________________.2.他们认为钱不是万能的。They____________________________________________________________________.3.假若我们太看重钱，我们就不能发现生活的真正意义，也不能发现生活中的快乐。Ifwe______________________________________,wecannotfindtherealmeaningoflife,andnorcanwefindpleasureinlifeinlife.4.只有这样我们才能充分享受生活。Onlyinthisway______________________________thefullest.Keys:1.moneyissoimportantthatwecouldn'tsurvivewithoutmoney2.don'tthinkmoneymeanseverything3.attachtoomuchimportancetomoney4.canweenjoylifeto【连句成篇】用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80词左右的英语短文。Recentlywehavehadadiscussionaboutwhethermoneycanbringushappiness.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Onepossibleversion:Recentlywehavehadadiscussionaboutwhethermoneycanbringushappiness.Differentstudentshavedifferentopinions.Somestudentsthinkhatmoneyissoimportantthatwecouldn'tsurvivewithoutmoney.Besides,moneycanhelpustosolvemanyproblemsinlife.Inaddition,itismoneythatallowsustoliveafortablelife.Others,however,havetheoppositeopinion.Theydon'tthinkmoneymeanseverything.Forexample,moneycannotbuyhealth.Ifweattachtoomuchimportancetomoney,wecannotfindtherealmeaningoflife,andnorcanwefindpleasureinlife.Personally,weshouldnotregardmoneyaseverything.Moneyisjustatoolthathelpsustogetwhatweneed.Weshoulduseitwiselyandproperly.Onlyinthiswaycanweenjoylifetothefullest.【查漏补缺】一、单句语法填空1.Therearestillmanyproblems_____________(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayonthemoon.2.Hemadeapromise_____________(e)hereontimetomorrow.3.We'retoholdameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision_____________(make)atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourpany.4.Theiractivitieswillprovideyouwithaplatform_____________(improve)yourmunicationskills.5.Georgereturnedafterthewar,only_____________(tell)thathiswifehadlefthim.6.Hewasthefirsttraveler_____________(arrive)intheislandlyinginthecentralofthePacificOcean.7.Wewereastonished_____________(see)thebuildingstillinitsoriginalcondition.8.Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatrain_____________(catch).Keys:1.tobesolve2.toe3.tobemade4.toimprove5.tobetold6.toarrive7.tosee8.tocatch二、完成句子1.他是第一个想到这一点的人。_________________________________________________________________________2.没什么需要担心的事情。_________________________________________________________________________3.这封即将要写的信是写给我爸爸的。_________________________________________________________________________4.我们需要有人来帮忙干这工作。_________________________________________________________________________5.我工作是为了挣钱。_________________________________________________________________________6.他太累了，不能再开车了。_________________________________________________________________________7.如果我考试得100分，妈妈一定会很开心。_________________________________________________________________________8.什么时候出发，我们还没定下来。_________________________________________________________________________Keys:1.Hewasthefirstonetothinkoftheidea.2.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.3.Thelettertobewrittenistomyfather.4.Weneedsomeonetohelpwiththework.5.Iworkedtomakemoney.6.Heistootiredtodrive.7.Mommustbehappyformetoget100onthetest.8.Whentostart,wehavenotdecided.【梳理优化】不定式作定语不定式作状语(1)不定式作定语通常要放在被修饰词的后面，往往表示______________的动作。(1)作目的状语。可位于句首或句末，其前可加______________，但______________不可位于句首。(2)中心词是__________________________________________或被这些词修饰时，用不定式作定语。(2)作原因状语。(3)抽象名词time,way,reason,chance,courage,opportunity,ability等后以及____________________等后常用不定式作定语。(3)作结果状语，表示______________的结果，常与only连用；而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。(4)“____________________________”和__________________________结构中，不定式作后置定语。Keys:引导学生自己进行整理【强化巩固】一、完成句子1.他是下学期教我们英语的老师。______________________________________________________________________________2.我对这问题没什么可说的。______________________________________________________________________________3.全家人去海滩度周末。______________________________________________________________________________4.我们将很高兴在这个项目上与你合作。______________________________________________________________________________5.下一班到达的飞机来自纽约。______________________________________________________________________________6.他总是第一个到办公室,最后一个离开。______________________________________________________________________________7.有足够的椅子给客人坐。______________________________________________________________________________8.很高兴得知你下个月要来看我们。______________________________________________________________________________9.这茶太热了,不能喝。______________________________________________________________________________10.他搬起石头结果砸到了自己的脚。______________________________________________________________________________Keys:1.HeistheteachertoteachusEnglishnextterm.2.Ihavenothingtosayonthisquestion.3.Thewholefamilywenttobeachtospendtheirweekend.4.Weshallbeveryhappytocooperatewithyouintheproject.5.ThenextplanetoarriveisfromNewYork.6.Heisalwaysthefirsttoetoandlasttoleavetheoffice.7.Thereareenoughchairsforthegueststositon.8.Wearedelightedtoknowthatyou’regoingtovisitusnextmonth.9.Theteaistoohottodrink.10.Heliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.二、应用文写作假定最近你们班进行了一次题为“保护文化遗产是否很重要”的讨论。根据以下要点用英语向大家介绍一下讨论结果，并谈谈你自己的看法。1.80%的学生认为重要及其理由。2.20%的学生认为不重要及其理由。注意:1.词数80左右;2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Onepossibleversion:Recentlyourclasshadaheateddiscussionaboutwhetheritisimportanttoprotecttheculturalheritage.Weholddifferentviewsonit.80%ofusthinkitimportanttoprotecttheculturalheritage.Theybelievethattheculturalheritageisasymbolofsplendidancientcivilizationwhichcanmakeusfeelproudofournation.However,theothersdon’tthinkso,arguingthatprotectingtheculturalheritagecannotpromotethedevelopmentofsociety;orrather,itisawasteoftimeandmoney.Inmyopinion,it’sourdutytotakemoreeffectivemeasurestoprotectourculturalheritageandwecanbenefitalotfromtheculturalandhistoricalinspirationsitconveys.【课后练习】一、语法主题运用请根据下面汉语提示写一篇小短文。1.我们都知道，为了在太空中工作，宇航员需要健康和冷静。(inorderto作目的状语)2.首先，你必须足够聪明，以获得相关的大学学位。(todo作目的状语)3.但是，一些科学家决心帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。(todo作定语)4.Yuri成为世界上第一个在太空结婚的人。(todo作定语)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Keys:Asweallknow,anastronautsneedstobehealthyandcalminordertoworkinspace.Firstofall,youmusttobeintelligentenoughtogetarelatedcollegedegree.But,somescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumansrealisetheirdreamtoexplorespace.Yuribecamethefirstpersoninthewordtogetmarriedinspace.二、阅读理解ASittingunderthenationalflagandseparatedfromthemediabyatransparentglasswall,50yearoldJingHaipengand37yearoldChenDongappearedcalmastheypreparetobepartof,whatisscheduledtobe,China’slongestevermannedspaceflightmission.Thetwowerescheduledtospendatotalof33daysinorbit.Thiswouldbethe3rdtripintospaceforveteranChineseastronautJingHaipeng.HehasbeenontheShenzhou7missionin2008andtheShenzhou9missionin2012.Themission’smanderwasalsopartofdockingmissions(太空对接任务)onbothhispreviousspaceflights,givinghimtheexperienceneededtohelpdockShenzhou11withTiangong2.JingHaipengsaid,“Withthepast18yearsofintensiveprofessionalastronauttraining,togetherwiththetwopreviousexperiencesI’vehadflyinginspace,I’mveryconfidentanddeterminedthatthismissionisgoingtobeagreatsuccess.Personally,I’mmuchcalmerandinamorepositiveheadspacethanIwasduringmypreviousmissions.I’mveryproudtobeheretogreetourcountry.Iknowmyconfidenceissharedwiththerestofourentirespaceprogram.”Withanunblemishedflightrecordof15hundredhoursasapilot,37yearoldChenDongwaschosenin2010tobepartofthenextgenerationofChineseastronauts.Hetoosaidhewasconfidentofheadingintothemission,eventhoughitwouldbehisfirsttimeinspace.“Ihavethechancetojoinmyfirstmissionafter6yearsofintensivetrainingandlearning.Forme,thetimingisperfect—nottooearly,butnottoolateeither.Whenwetrain,Jingismyteacher.Inlife,heismybrother.Heissodedicated,anddemandsonlythebestfrommeandtheothersthatheworkswith.Becauseofhisexperience,Iamveryluckytobepairedwithhimonthismissionintospace.”Afterbeingputintoorbit,JingHaipengandChenDongweregoingtoconductaseriesofexperiments,includingtestingthelatestinChina’sadvancedlifesupportsystems,aswellasscientificresearch.WuPing,deputydirectorofChina’sMannedSpaceProgram,explainstheroleofthetwoastronautsinspace.“Duringtheirmission,thetwoareessentiallybackupstooneanother.Theyarebothcapableofpilotingthespacecraft,plexmanagement,manualdockingaswellashandlinganyemergencysituationsormalfunctions(故障).Whileinorbit,theyaregoingtopleteanumberofmaneuvers(演习)withShenzhou11,aswellasorbitalexperiments,demonstrationsandtestsonhumanhealthinspace.”1.FromwhatJingHaipengsaidwecaninfer______.A.previousexperiencemattersalot B.themission’smanderhelpedhimC.theShenzhou7missionistobedockedwiththeShenzhou9D.helackedconfidenceduringthepreviouslaunching2.Theunderlinedword“unblemished”inParagraph3canbereplacedby“______”.A.continuous B.surprising C.perfect D.significant3.WhatmadeChenDongaqualifiedastronaut?A.Hisconfidenceofheadingintothemission. B.Hisintensivetrainingandlearning.C.HislucktobepairedwithJingHaipeng. D.Hisexperienceofconductingaseriesofexperiments.4.Wherewouldyoumostprobablyseethetext?A.Inanewspaper. B.Inasciencejournal.C.Inatravelmagazine. D.Inagovernmentdocument.Keys:【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道,报道了神舟十一号太空飞船成功将50岁的景海鹏和37岁的陈冬两位宇航员送入太空。1.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段中的Withthepast18yearsofintensiveprofessionalastronauttraining,togetherwiththetwopreviousexperiencesI’vehadflyinginspace,I’mveryconfidentanddeterminedthatthismissionisgoingtobeagreatsuccess.可知,有了过去十八年的高强度专业宇航员训练以及他之前的两次太空飞行经历,景海鹏有信心也坚信这次任务将会圆满成功。由此可以推断出过往的经验至关重要。故选A。2.【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第三段中的Withanunblemishedflightrecordof15hundredhoursasapilot,37yearoldChenDongwaschosenin2010tobepartofthenextgenerationofChineseastronauts.可推知,有安全完美的飞行记录,才可能被选为宇航员。continuous持续的;surprising令人惊讶的;perfect完美的;significant重大的。故选C。3.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第三段中的Ihavethechancetojoinmyfirstmissionafter6yearsofintensivetrainingandlearning.可知,经过六年的高强度训练和学习,陈冬终于有机会执行他的第一次太空任务。故选B。4.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段Sittingunderthenationalflagandseparatedfromthemediabyatransparentglasswall,50yearoldJingHaipengand37yearoldChenDongappearedcalmastheypreparetobepartof,wh