人教版英语选修7教师用书Unit2SectionⅡLearningaboutlanguage

Ⅰ.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1．Theweatherlastsummerwasawful(糟透的)．2．Forthem，playingwellandwinningareoftenlife­and­deathaffairs(事情)．3．Itisrequiredthatchildrenunder14shouldbeacpanied(陪伴)byanadult.4．Alltheaudiencefeltsympathy(同情)forthedisabledgirlwholostherparentsinanaccident.5．Thereisnoneedforyoutoenvy(羡慕)yourfriendherwealth，becausewealthdoesn'tmeanhappiness.6．Amothershouldn'tshowtoomuchfavourtooneofherchildren.7．Alarmedbythenoise，thebirdsflewawayinalldirections.8．Thewarcametoanend，tothesatisfactionofeverybody.9．Shewastiredofthehardlifeinthemountainvillageanddesiredtogoout.10．Manyofthesenewideasmayatfirstseemabsurd；however，donotignoretheseideas，astheyoftenholdthekeystobreakingoldhabits.Ⅱ.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1．declarevt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称→declarationn．宣言；声明；公告2．alarmvt.使警觉；使惊恐；惊动n．警报；惊恐→alarmedadj.担心的；害怕的3．elegantadj.优雅的；高雅的；讲究的→elegancen．优雅；高雅→elegantlyadv.优雅地；高雅地；讲究地4．favourn．喜爱；恩惠vt.喜爱；偏袒→favouriteadj.最喜欢的n．最喜爱的东西→favourableadj.赞同的；有利的5．satisfyvt.满足；使满意→satisfactionn．满意；满足；令人满意的事物→satisfying/satisfactoryadj.令人满意的→satisfiedadj.满足的；(感到)满意的eq\a\vs4\al([寻规律、巧记忆])v.＋­ed→形容词v.＋­ation→名词accustomed通常的；习惯的addicted上瘾的；有强烈兴趣的disabled残废的；残疾的expectation预料；期望information信息invitation邀请；请帖occupation职业；工作Ⅲ.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1．testout 考验出，检验完2．ringup 给……打3．turnaround 转身；翻转4．leave...alone 不管，别惹，让……一个人待着；和……单 独在一起5．orrather 更确切地说6．apileof 一堆7．prevent...fromdoingsth. 阻止某人做某事8．fallinlovewith．.. 爱上……Ⅳ.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1．Ihadmeanttocallonyou，butIwaspreventedfromdoingso.2．Hewenthomeverylatelastnight，orrather，intheearlyhoursthismorning.3．Somewomenespeciallyenjoypassengersturningaroundtoseethem.4．Afterthepanyhasanewplanebuilt，itwillbetestedoutthoroughly.5．Myclassmaterangmeupsayingthattheschoolfootballteamhadhadthreevictoriesthismonthagainstotherschools.背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1.Itwasdisturbingandfrighteningthathelookedsohuman.机器人看起来如此像人，这使她觉得心烦和害怕。it代替从句作形式主语Itisnotclearwhethershecanbeelectedpresident.她能否当选总统还不清楚。2.Assheturnedaround，therestoodGladysClaffern.她刚转身，就看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那儿。副词there位于句首，句子要完全倒装Therestandsatempleonthetopofthemountain.那座山顶上有一座寺庙。3.ButeventhoughTonyhadbeensoclever，hewouldhavetoberebuilt—youcannothavewomenfallinginlovewithmachines.但是，尽管托尼很聪明，他还得作一番改造——总不能让女人与机器相爱吧。can'thavesb.doingsth.意为“不容忍或允许某人做某事”Ourteacherscan'thaveuscarryingmobilephonestoschool.老师不允许我们把带到学校来。desiren．渴望；欲望；渴求vt.希望得到；想要(教材P10)Doyouthinkitispossibleforarobottohaveitsownneedsanddesires?你认为机器人可能有它自己的需要和欲望吗？(1)haveadesireforsth. 渴望得到某物haveadesiretodosth. 渴望做某事(2)desiretodosth. 渴望做某事desirefor... 渴望……desiresb.todosth. 想要某人做某事desirethat...(should)dosth. 渴望……①Theboyhasastrongdesireforknowledge.这个男孩有强烈的求知欲。②Hedesiredtowin(win)thegame.＝Hehadadesiretowin(win)thegame.＝Hedesiredthathe(should)win(win)thegame.他希望赢得这场比赛。③Hismotherdesiresthathe(should)goabroad.＝Hismotherdesireshimtogo(go)abroad.他的母亲希望他出国。[语境助记]Mydaughterisnowaseniorhighschoolstudent.Shedesires/hasadesirethatshe(should)beadmittedtoafamousuniversity.Besides,shehasastrongdesiretomajorinEnglish.ButIdesirehertostudymedicineinthefuture.Undergreatpressure,shedesirestohaveagoodtimeintheingsummerholiday.我的女儿现在是一名高中生。她渴望被一所著名的大学录取。此外，她有强烈的愿望主修英语。但是我希望她将来学医。在巨大的压力下，她渴望在即将到来的暑假中过得愉快。[名师点津]desire后跟宾语从句、同位语从句或表语从句时，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气形式，即“(should＋)动词原形”。sympathyn.同情(心)(教材P11)Clairethoughtitwasridiculoustobeofferedsympathybyarobot.克莱尔觉得，机器人会向她表示同情，这有点荒唐可笑。express/feel/havesympathyforsb.同情某人outofsympathy 出于同情withsympathy 同情地insympathywith 支持；赞成sympatheticadj. 同情的，有同情心的，赞同的①Weallhavegreatsympathyforthevictimsoftheflood.我们所有人对水灾的遇难者都深表同情。②Welookedatthepoorchildwithsympathy.我们同情地看着那个可怜的孩子。③Hegavethepoorchildmuchhelpoutofsympathy.出于同情，他给了这个穷孩子很多帮助。④Iaminsympathywithhisviewthatthedisabledneedrespecting.我同意他的观点：残疾人需要尊重。[名师点津]sympathy作“同情”之意时，常与介词for连用；作“赞成”之意时，与介词with连用。[语境助记]Heisquitesympatheticandheshowsgreatsympathytothosepoorchildrenwhocan'tgotoschool.他很有同情心十分同情那些不能上学的可怜孩子。favourn．喜爱；恩惠vt.喜爱；偏袒(教材P11)AsafavourTonypromisedtohelpClairemakeherselfsmarterandherhomemoreelegant.作为好意，托尼答应帮助克莱尔，使她变得更聪明，并且使她的家变得更高雅。dosb.afavour＝doafavourforsb. 帮某人的忙infavourof... 支持……asksb.forafavour＝askafavourofsb. 请求某人帮忙inone'sfavour 对某人有利①Couldyoudomeafavour/doafavourformeandpickupSamfromschooltoday?今天你能帮我个忙去学校接山姆吗？②Iwanttoaskafavourofyou/askyouforafavour；willyoulendmeyourcellphone?我想请你帮忙，你能把你的借给我吗？③MostofthemwereinfavourofmyopinionwhileDavidwasagainstit.他们大部分人赞成我的观点，而戴维反对。④Theexchangerateisinourfavourforthetimebeing.汇率暂时对我们有利。[词语巧记][语境助记]Allofusfavoredtheplanofgoingfishing，fortheweatherwasfavorable.我们所有人都同意去钓鱼的计划，因为天气很有利。acpanyvt.陪伴；陪同；伴奏(教材P11)Ashewasnotallowedtoacpanyhertotheshops，hewroteoutalistofitemsforher.因为他不被允许陪她去商店，所以他就给她写了一份购物清单。acpanysb.at/onsth. (尤指用钢琴)为某人伴奏beacpaniedby 由某人陪同；由……伴奏acpanysb.＝keepsbpany 陪伴某人acpanysb.tosomeplace 陪伴/陪同某人到某地①Myneighborcametoacpanyme/keepmepanywhilemyparentswereout.我邻居在我父母外出时过来陪我。②Heacpaniedhisfathertothehospitaltoseewhat'swrongwithhisstomach.他陪他的父亲去医院查看胃部出了什么问题。[语境助记]Herfatheracpaniedhertotheconcertandwhenshesangherfatheracpaniedheronthepiano.Hersongsoundedwonderfulacpaniedbythemusic.她父亲陪她去音乐会，当她唱歌时她父亲为她钢琴伴奏。在音乐的伴奏下她的歌声听起来优美极了。[名师点津](1)没有acpanysb.todosth.结构。(2)acpany是及物动词，其后无需用介词。ringup给……打(教材P11)Whentheclerkatthecounterwasrudetoher，sherangTonyupandtoldtheclerktospeaktohim.当柜台的售货员对她很粗鲁时，她就给托尼打，让售货员同他讲话。eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(callsb.up,givesb.acall/phonecall/ring,phone/telephonesb.))给某人打call/ringback 回hangup/ringoff 挂断hang/holdon 别挂断；请稍等①Ihavetoringoff/hangupnowbecausemyfriendiswaitingforme.我朋友在等我，我得挂了。②Shepromisedtoring/callbackhoursago，butIhaven'treceivedhercallinguptonow.几小时前她说过要回的，但是到现在为止我还未接到她的。③Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Pleasehang/holdonforamoment.我有要事要告诉你，请不要挂断。④Hetelephonedmelastnighttoaskafavourofme.＝Herang/calledmeuplastnighttoaskafavourofme.＝Hegavemeacall/ringlastnighttoaskafavourofme.他昨晚给我打请我帮忙。[名师点津]ringup中的up是副词，接人称代词作宾语时，人称代词要放在ring和up之间，接名词作宾语时，名词既可放在ring和up之间，也可放在ringup之后。turnaround/round转向；转过身来；回转(教材P11)Assheturnedaround，therestoodGladysClaffern.她刚转身，就看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那儿。写出下列句中turnaround的含义①Thoughthesituationlooksgloomy，itwilleventuallyturnaround.回转；好转②Iturnedaroundtoseeifanyonewasfollowingme.转身turndown 降低；压低(力量、声音等)；拒绝turnup 把声音开大；出现turnin 上交turnon 打开(煤气、电灯等)turnout 关闭(煤气、电灯等)；结果是/原来是； 在场turnto 向……求助；翻到(页码等)③YoucouldturntotheteacherswheneveryouhavetroubleinlearningEnglish.无论你何时学英语有困难，你都可以向老师寻求帮助。④Tomhadtoturndowntheinvitationtothepartylastweekendbecausehewastoobusy.因为太忙，上周末汤姆不得不拒绝了聚会的邀请。⑤Hepromisedthathewoulde，buthehasn'tturnedupyet.他承诺会来，但是他还没有出现。declarevt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称(教材P11－12)Shecriedout“Tony”andthenheardhimdeclarethathedidn'twanttoleaveherthenextdayandthathefeltmorethanjustthedesiretopleaseher.她大叫一声“托尼”，然后听到托尼一本正经地说，第二天他不想离开她，而且他并不满足于仅仅只是使她开心。declarefor/against 声明赞成/反对declaresb./sth./oneself(tobe)＋adj./n. 声称某人/某事……declarethat... 宣布/宣告……declarewaron/against 对……宣战it'sdeclaredthat... 据宣布①Mostpeopledeclaredforpeaceandagainstwar.大多数人宣布拥护和平，反对战争。②Theydeclaredhimtobe(be)thewinner.他们宣布他为获胜者。③In1941，BritainandtheUnitedStatesdeclaredwaron/againstJapanandthePacificWarstarted.1941年，英国和美国对日宣战，太平洋战争开始。④ThemomenttheOlympicGameswasdeclared(declare)open，thewholeworldcheered.奥运会一宣布开幕，全世界都沸腾了。envyvt.忌妒；羡慕(教材P12)Whatasweetvictorytobeenviedbythosewomen！被那些女士羡慕是多么惬意的胜利啊！(1)envysb.(for)sth. 羡慕/忌妒某人有某物envysb.doingsth. 羡慕/忌妒某人做某事(2)feelenvyat 对……感到忌妒或羡慕outofenvy 出于忌妒withenvy 羡慕地；忌妒地betheenvyofsb./sth. 成为羡慕(或忌妒)的对象/东西①Shealwaysenviesme(for)mycurlyhair.她总是羡慕我的一头卷发。②Ienvyyouhaving(have)suchahappyfamily.我羡慕你有一个这么幸福的家庭。③Thathedidsoisoutofenvyofmysuccess.他这样做是出于忌妒我的成功。④TheylookedwithenvyatTom'snewcar，whichbecametheenvyofalltheneighbours.他们羡慕地看着汤姆的新车，这已经成为所有邻居妒忌的对象了。[语境助记]Thedogwithonlyatinyboneenviedthepuppy(for)itsbigbone；thepuppybecametheenvyofthedog.只有一小块骨头的狗羡慕小狗有大骨头，小狗成了它羡慕的对象。leave...alone不管；别惹；让……一个人待着；和……单独在一起(教材P12)Sheshouted“Leavemealone”andrantoherbed.她喊到“让我独自待一会儿！”然后向床跑去。leavebehind 遗留；把……抛在后面；超过leaveaside 搁置一边；不予考虑leavefor 动身到……leaveout 省略；遗漏leaveoff 停止；中断①Nowonderyoucouldn'tgetthrough.You'veleftoutazerointhisphonenumber.难怪你打不通。你在这个号码中漏掉了一个零。②Let'sstartagainfromwhereweleftoff．让我们从中断处重新开始。③IthinkIleftmycreditcardbehindattherestaurant.我想我把信用卡落在餐馆里了。[名师点津]leavealone同letalone。但letalone还有“更不用说”之意。(教材P11)Itwasdisturbingandfrighteningthathelookedsohuman.机器人看起来如此像人，这使她觉得心烦和害怕。【要点提炼】句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是thathelookedsohuman。it作形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句的常见形式有：(1)Itbe＋形容词(obvious，possible，strange，natural，important...)＋that从句。(2)Itbe＋名词短语(apity，afact，awonder，ashame，anhonour，nowonder...)＋that从句。(3)Itbe＋过去分词(said，thought，hoped，believed，declared，supposed，reported...)＋that从句。(4)It＋不及物动词(seem，occur，happen...)＋that从句。①Itisobviousthatnobodywouldliketohavedinnerinsuchadirtyplace.很明显，没有人想在这么脏的地方吃饭。②It'sashamethatwefailedtofulfillthetaskaheadoftime.我们没能提前完成任务，真感到惭愧。③Itisbelieved(believe)thatitistheearliestandlargestancientpaper­makingworkshopsiteeverfoundinChina.人们认为这是迄今为止在中国发现的最早的也是最大的造纸作坊。④ItoccurredtomethatIhadleftmyticketathome.我突然想起把票忘在家里了。(教材P11)Assheturnedaround，therestoodGladysClaffern．她刚转身，就看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬站在那儿。【要点提炼】本句中therestoodGladysClaffern是完全倒装句，是therebe句型的变式运用。therebe句型中的be可以用表示“存在”的动词，如live，exist，lie，stand，seem，rise，remain，happen，e，go等替代。句型结构为：there＋存在类动词＋主语。①Therelivedayoungmanwhodesiredtoberichovernight.曾经有一个年轻人，他梦想一夜暴富。②Therestands(stand)anoldpinetreeinfrontofourclassroom.我们教室前有一棵老松树。③Thereseemstobesomethingwrongwithit.此事似乎出了问题。(教材P12)ButeventhoughTonyhadbeensoclever，hewouldhavetoberebuilt—youcannothavewomenfallinginlovewithmachines.但是，尽管托尼很聪明，他还得作一番改造——总不能让女人与机器相爱吧。【要点提炼】此处havesb.doing表示“允许或容忍某人做某事”，多用于否定句中，特别是用在cannot，willnot等之后。havesb./sth.doing 让……持续做某事或处于某状态have/getsth.done 做完某事havesb.dosth. 让某人做某事havesth.todo 有事情要做①Ican'thavemybrothersittingarounddoingnothingallday.我不会容忍我的弟弟整天闲坐着无所事事。②Hehadhislegbroken(break)whileplayingbasketball.他打篮球时伤了腿。③Youcanhaveyourassistantring(ring)meup.你可以让你的助手给我打。④Ihavealotofthingstodo(do)，soIcan'tgotoseeafilmwithyoutonight.我有许多事情要做，因此今晚不能与你一起去看电影。1．(教材P11)Clairedidn'twanttherobotinherhouse，especiallyasherhusbandwouldbeabsentforthreeweeks，butLarrypersuadedherthattherobotwouldn'tharmherorallowhertobeharmed.【分析】句中but连接表示转折关系的并列句；第一个分句中as引导的是一个时间状语从句；在第二个分句中that引导的是宾语从句。【翻译】克莱尔不想把机器人留在家里，特别是她丈夫将离家三周，但是拉里说服她说，机器人不会伤害她，也不会允许她受到伤害。2．(教材P11)OnthesecondmorningTony，wearinganapron，broughtherbreakfastandthenaskedherwhethersheneededhelpdressing.【分析】句中现在分词短语wearinganapron作伴随状语；whether引导的从句作动词ask的宾语。【翻译】第二天早晨，托尼系着围裙，给她端来了早餐，然后问她是否需要帮忙穿衣打扮。3．(教材P11－12)Shecriedout“Tony”andthenheardhimdeclarethathedidn'twanttoleaveherthenextdayandthathefeltmorethanjustthedesiretopleaseher.【分析】句中heardhimdeclare...是“hear＋宾语＋宾补”结构；动词declare后接了两个并列的宾语从句，第二个宾语从句的引导词that不能省略。【翻译】她大叫一声“托尼”，然后听到托尼一本正经地说，第二天他不想离开她，而且他并不满足于仅仅只是使她开心。4．(教材P12)Hehadopenedthecurtainsthatnightsothattheotherwomenwould