黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题（含答案解析）

高二英语试卷本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分。全卷共150分，考试时间120分钟。考生作答时将答案答在答题卡上，在本试卷上答题无效。注意事项：1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内;2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂，非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚;3.请按照题号顺序在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效;4.作图题可先使用2B铅笔填涂，然后用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑;5.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。第I卷第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodo?A.Getheradisk.B.Repairacomputer.C.Helptodealwithadocument.2.Howmuchmoneywillthemangetback?A.$10.B.$4.C.$6.3.Howdoesthewomanfeelfinally?A.Encouraged.B.Defeated.C.Depressed.4.Whereisthewoman’shusbandnow?A.InShanghai.B.InChengdu.C.InNanjing.5.WhatwillMichaeldoforholiday?A.ClimbMountTai.B.Gototheseaside.C.Gosomewherenear.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段录音，回答以下2个小题。6.Whydoesthewomanmakethephonecall?A.Tofixadate.B.Tobuyahouse.C.Tomeettheman’sson.7.Whenwillthespeakersmeet?A.OnMonday.B.OnFriday.C.OnSaturday.听下面一段录音，回答以下2个小题。8.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.GototheElectricCompanyOffice.B.Payelectricbillfirst.C.Openacheckingaccount.9.Howdomostpeoplepaytheelectricbill?A.Incash.B.Bycheck.C.Byphone.听下面一段录音，回答以下3个小题。10.WhereisLynnstudying?A.InMadrid.B.InCordoba.C.InSeville.11.WhatisLynn’spart-timejob?A.Awaitress.B.Ateacher.C.Apsychologist.12.WhatdoesLynnliketodobestinherfreetime?A.Playtennis.B.Dance.C.Visitfriends.听下面一段录音，回答以下4个小题。13.Whatmakesthefilmuniquetothewoman?A.Itisthewoman’sfirsttimeproducing.B.Thereisonlyonemaninthemovie.C.Ithasgreatspecialeffects.14.Whattypeoffilmisthewomanstarringin?A.Anactionfilm.B.Aromanticcomedy.C.Ascience-fictionfilm.15.WhenwillthefilmbeoutintheUK?A.On21stDecember.B.On14thDecember.C.On7thDecember.16.Whatisthemanprobably?A.Aproducer.B.Acomedian.C.Ahost.听下面一段录音，回答以下4个小题。17.Wheredidthemanarrive?A.NewYork.B.London.C.Beijing.18.Whendidthemanarrive?A.At12:00p.m.B.At11:00p.m.C.At11:30p.m.19.Whatisnotinsidetheman’sbag?A.Hiswallet.B.Hispassport.C.Hismembershipcards.20.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Callthemanbackwithinanhour.B.Cancelthecardwiththecreditcompany.C.Askotherstofindthebag.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AFourBestNationalParksfor2023-2024SwissNationalParkSwissNationalParkineasternSwitzerlandcoversnearly42,000acresofland,givingvisitorsaccesstoroughly60milesoftrailsthatweaveinandoutofvalleysbackedbythebreathtakingSwissAlps.Whilehiking,keepaneyeoutforwildliferangingfromwell-knownanimalslikefoxesandeaglestoAlpineibexesthatarewildgoatswithlargehornslivinginthemountains.Thisparkclosesfrommid-NovemberuntiltheendofMaywithsomehighertrailsremainingundersnowthroughJune,sotimeyourtripforthewarmermonths.YosemiteNationalParkLocatednearly170mileseastofSanFrancisco,Yosemiteoffersvisitorsplentyofimpressivenaturalwonderstosee.Sceniclandscapes,suchasthefamousTunnelViewandValleyViewoutlooks,andfamouslandmarkslikeHalfDomeandElCapitanarejustafewofYosemite’sgreatestattractions.Don’tforgettoswingbyoneofthesequoiagroves(红杉林)tobeamazedatthetoweringtrees.Glacier(冰川)NationalParkGlacierNationalParkisMontana’scrownjewel.Theexpansiveonemillion-acreparkwhichwasnamedafterthoseremainsofglaciersestimatedtobe7,000yearsold,offersimpressivemountainousscenery.Here,you’llfindmorethan700lakes,NationalHistoricLandmarksincludingLakeMcDonaldLodge,GraniteParkChaletandtheTwoMedicineStore,andthefamousHighlineTrail,whichfollowstheContinentalDivide.BanffNationalParkSituatedinsouthwesternAlberta,Canada’soldestnationalparkisalsooneofitsmostbeautifulnationalparks.VisitorscanexploreBanffNationalParkonfootalongmorethan1,000milesofhikingtrails—theLakeAgnesTrailfeaturesaseasonalEuropean-styleteahouse,ordrivethescenicIcefieldsParkwayforbreathtakingviewsofglaciersandwaterfalls.1.WhenarehikersadvisedtogotoSwissNationalPark?A.InMay. B.InJune. C.InAugust. D.InDecember.2.WhatcanvisitorsdoinYosemiteNationalPark?A.Admire7,000-year-oldlandmarks. B.Interactwithrarewildanimals.C.WalkalongtheLakeAgnesTrail. D.Haveagoodviewofhugetrees.3.WhatdoGlacierNationalParkandBanffNationalParkhaveincommon?A.Thechancetoseeglaciers. B.Theclimbontohighmountains.C.Thevisittoanumberofvalleys. D.Thedrivethroughthewholepark.【答案】1.C2.D3.A【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了2023-2024年四个最佳国家公园。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据SwissNationalPark部分中的“Thisparkclosesfrommid-NovemberuntiltheendofMaywithsomehighertrailsremainingundersnowthroughJune,sotimeyourtripforthewarmermonths.(该公园从11月中旬至5月底关闭，部分较高的步道在6月仍被积雪覆盖，因此请选择在温暖的月份出行)”可知，该公园从11月中旬至5月底关闭，部分较高的步道在6月仍被积雪覆盖，所以说徒步旅行者在11月到6月不适合游览该公园，在温暖的月份，如8月份适合游览，故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据YosemiteNationalPark部分中的“Don’tforgettoswingbyoneofthesequoiagroves(红杉林)tobeamazedatthetoweringtrees.(别忘了顺便逛逛红杉林，惊叹于高耸的树木。)”可知，游客在优胜美地国家公园可以看到巨大的树木。故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Glacier(冰川)NationalPark部分中的“Theexpansiveonemillion-acrepark,whichwasnamedafterthoseremainsofglaciersestimatedtobe7,000yearsold,offersimpressivemountainousscenery.(这座占地100万英亩的广阔公园以估计有7000年历史的冰川遗迹命名，拥有令人印象深刻的山地风光。)”和BanffNationalPark部分中的“VisitorscanexploreBanffNationalParkonfootalongmorethan1,000milesofhikingtrails—theLakeAgnesTrailfeaturesaseasonalEuropean-styleteahouse,ordrivethescenicIcefieldsParkwayforbreathtakingviewsofglaciersandwaterfalls.(游客可以沿着超过1000英里的远足小径步行探索班夫国家公园——艾格尼丝湖步道(LakeAgnesTrail)设有季节性的欧式茶馆，或者驾车沿着风景秀丽的冰原大道(IcefieldsParkway)欣赏冰川和瀑布的壮丽景色。)”可知，冰川国家公园和班夫国家公园的共同点是游客都有机会看到冰川，故选A。BArtisauniversallanguage.Musicisauniversallanguage.Loveisauniversallanguage.Now,it’stheturnofsandtobementionedinsuchterms.Inherwork,sandartistKseniyaSimonovamixesart,musicandlovetocreateherownmediumwhichcanbeunderstoodandappreciatedbyeveryone.AccordingtoSimonova,shefellinlovewithsandart“absolutelyaccidentally.”Herhusband,atheatredirector,advisedhertogiveitatry.“IneverthoughtIcouldperform;Iwasalwaysaclassicalartist,”revealsSimonova.“IjuststarteditasahobbyandIneverthoughtitwouldturnouttobewhatitisnow.”In2009,Simonovawonthe“Ukraine’sGotTalent”TVcontest.Sincethenherfamehasskyrocketed,andshehasbecomearealsensation(引起轰动的人).TheartSimonovacreatesismagical;however,themediumsheusesisquitecommon.“Itisordinaryriversand.TherewasatimewhenIdidusethevolcanicone,butactuallyitmakesnodifference,”saysSimonova.“Insandartitisanideaanditsvisualisationthatmatters.WhatIdoiscreateatheatreinmymind.Thesandisaveryconvenientmediumthatisveryflexibleandrespondstospeedwell.Itcanshowwhatisgoingoninmyhead.”Theimagescreatedbytheartistliveonlyforafewseconds.However,Simonovaisnotinanywayalarmedbythemomentaryaspectofsandart.“Iknowthatmycreationsexistonlyforawhile,butIbelievethattobeabsolutelynormalbecauseartmirrorslife.Weliveeverymomentofourlife,butit’snotpossibletorepeatthose.ThesameisthecasewithwhatIdo,”Simonovaconcludes.Sandarthelpstheartisttoseetheworldinanewway,paintingever-changinglifeineverygrainofsand.4.HowdoesSimonovafeelaboutherachievementsinsandartinitially?A.Confident. B.Amused. C.Confused. D.Surprised.5.WhatisimportantinsandartperformanceaccordingtoSimonova?A.Themedium. B.Thestory. C.Thetheatre. D.Theaudience’sresponse.6.WhatdoesSimonovasayaboutthemomentarynatureofsandart?A.Itreflectsourlife. B.Itisakindofregret.C.Itencouragesrepetition. D.Italarmsmanysandartists.7.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Love:auniversallanguageB.Sandart:anewformofperformanceC.KseniyaSimonova:paintingtheworldwithsandD.Sandartists:impressingtheworldwithawesomework【答案】4.D5.B6.A7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了沙子艺术家KseniyaSimonova以及她的创作过程和理念。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段““IneverthoughtIcouldperform;Iwasalwaysaclassicalartist,”revealsSimonova.“IjuststarteditasahobbyandIneverthoughtitwouldturnouttobewhatitisnow.”In2009,Simonovawonthe“Ukraine’sGotTalent”TVcontest.(“我从没想过我能表演；我一直是一个古典艺术家，”Simonova透露。“我刚开始只是把它当作一种爱好，我从没想过它会变成现在这样。”2009年，Simonova赢得了“乌克兰达人秀”电视比赛。)”可知，Simonova最初对自己在沙艺术上的成就感到很惊讶。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段““Insandartitisanideaanditsvisualisationthatmatters.WhatIdoiscreateatheatreinmymind.Thesandisaveryconvenientmediumthatisveryflexibleandrespondstospeedwell.Itcanshowwhatisgoingoninmyhead.”(“在沙艺术中，它是一个想法，它的可视化很重要。我所做的就是在我的脑海中创造一个剧场。沙子是一种非常方便的介质，非常灵活，对速度的反应也很好。它可以显示我脑子里在想什么。”)”可知，Simonova认为在沙艺术中，它是一个想法，它的可视化很重要，所以她会在自己的脑海中创造一个剧场，也就是要先有一个想法。故选B。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Theimagescreatedbytheartistliveonlyforafewseconds.However,Simonovaisnotinanywayalarmedbythemomentaryaspectofsandart.“Iknowthatmycreationsexistonlyforawhile,butIbelievethattobeabsolutelynormalbecauseartmirrorslife.Weliveeverymomentofourlife,butit’snotpossibletorepeatthose.ThesameisthecasewithwhatIdo,”Simonovaconcludes.(艺术家创作的图像只存在几秒钟。然而，Simonova并没有因为沙艺术的短暂性而感到震惊。“我知道我的作品只存在一段时间，但我相信这是绝对正常的，因为艺术反映了生活。我们过着生命中的每一刻，但不可能重复这些。我的工作也是如此，”Simonova总结道。)”可知，关于沙艺术的短暂性，Simonova认为艺术反映了生活，生活中的每一刻都不可能重复。故选A。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Artisauniversallanguage.Musicisauniversallanguage.Loveisauniversallanguage.Now,it’stheturnofsandtobementionedinsuchterms.Inherwork,sandartistKseniyaSimonovamixesart,musicandlovetocreateherownmediumwhichcanbeunderstoodandappreciatedbyeveryone.(艺术是一种通用语言。音乐是世界通用的语言。爱是世界通用的语言。现在轮到沙子被这样提及了。在她的作品中，沙艺术家KseniyaSimonova将艺术，音乐和爱情混合在一起，创造了她自己的媒介，可以被每个人理解和欣赏。)”以及文章第四段“Theimagescreatedbytheartistliveonlyforafewseconds.However,Simonovaisnotinanywayalarmedbythemomentaryaspectofsandart.“Iknowthatmycreationsexistonlyforawhile,butIbelievethattobeabsolutelynormalbecauseartmirrorslife.Weliveeverymomentofourlife,butit’snotpossibletorepeatthose.ThesameisthecasewithwhatIdo,”Simonovaconcludes.(艺术家创作的图像只存在几秒钟。然而，Simonova并没有因为沙艺术的短暂性而感到震惊。“我知道我的作品只存在一段时间，但我相信这是绝对正常的，因为艺术反映了生活。我们过着生命中的每一刻，但不可能重复这些。我的工作也是如此，”Simonova总结道。)”可知，本文主要介绍KseniyaSimonova和她的沙子艺术，因此最佳标题应该是选项C“KseniyaSimonova:paintingtheworldwithsand(KseniyaSimonova：用沙子描绘世界)”。故选C。CTheGrandCanal,alargewaterwaythatfirstconnectednorthandsouthChinaover1400yearsago,isshorterthanitoncewas,butitisstillthelongestman-maderiverintheworld.TheoriginalCanalsystembeganaroundtheyear605.China’semperorrealizedthatheneededabetterwaytofeedhisarmy.Specifically,heneededawaytomovefoodquicklyfromChina’ssouthernrice-growingregiontothecountry’snorth.Thus,hespent6yearsonconstructionofthefirstsectionoftheGrandCanal,connectingexistingcanals,lakesandrivers.However,by1127,partshadbeguntoworsen.In1279,KublaiKhanbegantorepairandcreateamoredirectnorth-southroutetoandfromBeijing.TheGrandCanalwasalsoanimportantculturalchannel.Soldiers,merchantsandartiststransportedideas,regionalfoodsandculturalpracticesfromonepartofChinatoanother.ItissaidthatPekingduckandthePeckingoperawerebothbroughtnorthviathecanal.Eventoday,thecountry’swateryhighwayplaysanimportanteconomicroleinChina.Inaddition,localgovernments,eagertoincreasetourismandrealestate(房地产)development,arebeautifyingareasalongtheCanal.Thisdevelopmentcomesataprice,though.InYangzhou,thecitygovernmenthastorndownalmostalloftheolderCanal-sidebuildings.FarthersouthinthecitiesofZhenjiang,WuxiandHangzhou,thesituationissimilar.“Traditionally,wetalkabouteighteenmaincitiesontheGrandCanal,andeachhadsomethinguniqueandspecialaboutit.”explainsZhouXihua,thedirectoroftheGrandCanalmuseum.“Butnowmanyofthesecitiesareallthesame:athousandpeoplewithoneface.”In2005agroupofcitizensproposedthatthehistoricGrandCanalbemadeaUNESCOworldheritagesite.Thestatuswouldprotectboththewaterwayandarchitecturearoundit.“Everygenerationwantsthenextgenerationtounderstandit,tolookatitsmonuments.”saidZhuBingren,anartistwhocowrotethisproposal.UNESCOstatuswasofficiallygrantedin2014.ThehopenowisthatthegrandCanal,oneoftheworld’sgreatengineeringaccomplishments,willcontinuetolinknorthandsouthChinaforcenturiestocome.8.WhywastheGrandCanaloriginallybuilt?A.Toallowhisarmytomovemorequickly.B.Totransportfoodfromthesouthtothenorth.C.ToenablepeopletovisitremotepartsofChina.D.Topromotetheculturalandtraditionaldiversity.9.WhatisnottrueabouttheGrandCanal?A.Itisthelongestman-maderiverintheworld.B.Itorginallycompleteconstructionintheyear611.C.Itsoriginalnorth-southrouteistoandfromBeijing.D.ItallowedPekingduckandthePekingoperatospread.10.Whatistheunderlinesentencemeaninginparagaph4?A.Developingthecanalinvolvesspendingalotofmoney.B.Evenafterspendingmoney,peopledislikethedevelopment.C.Developingitismoreexpensivethanonecanimagine.D.Therearesomenegativeconsequencestothisdevelopment.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.ThehistoryoftheGrandCanal. B.TheintroductionoftheGrandCanal.C.TheconstructionoftheGrandCanal. D.TheproectionoftheGrandCanal.【答案】8.B9.C10.D11.B【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了大运河的发展历史和意义，以及在当代所遭受的破坏和人们为保护大运河所做出的努力。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Specifically,heneededawaytomovefoodquicklyfromChina’ssouthernrice-growingregiontothecountry’snorth.Thus,hespent6yearsonconstructionofthefirstsectionoftheGrandCanal,connectingexistingcanals,lakesandrivers.(具体来说，他需要一种将粮食从中国南部水稻种植区快速运送到该国北部的方法。于是，他花了6年时间修建了第一段大运河，连接了现有的运河、湖泊和河流)”可知，当初修建大运河是为了把粮食从南方运到北方。故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thus,hespent6yearsonconstructionofthefirstsectionoftheGrandCanal,connectingexistingcanals,lakesandrivers.However,by1127,partshadbeguntoworsen.In1279,KublaiKhanbegantorepairandcreateamoredirectnorth-southroutetoandfromBeijing.(于是，他花了6年时间修建了第一段大运河，连接了现有的运河、湖泊和河流。然而，到了1127年，部分情况开始变糟糕。1279年，忽必烈开始修复和开辟一条更加直接的往返北京的南北航线)”可知，大运河原有的南北航线和往返北京的航线不是一条线。C项“其原有的南北航线为往返北京。”是错误的，故选C。【10题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线句子下文“InYangzhou,thecitygovernmenthastorndownalmostalloftheolderCanal-sidebuildings.FarthersouthinthecitiesofZhenjiang,WuxiandHangzhou,thesituationissimilar.(在扬州，市政府拆除了几乎所有运河沿岸的旧建筑。再往南的镇江、无锡、杭州等城市，情况也类似。)”可知，为了发展，一些城市拆除了几乎所有运河沿岸的旧建筑，这是发展所带来的负面后果，由此可推知划线句子意为“这种发展带来了一些负面后果”，故选D。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“TheGrandCanal,alargewaterwaythatfirstconnectednorthandsouthChinaover1400yearsago,isshorterthanitoncewas,butitisstillthelongestman-maderiverintheworld.(大运河是1400多年前首次连接中国南北的大水道，虽然比以前短了，但它仍然是世界上最长的人工河流。)”可知，文章主要介绍了大运河，包括其发展历史和意义，以及在当代所遭受的破坏和人们为保护大运河所做出的努力。故选B。DInthethickjungleofNewGuineaisnature’smostamazingtheater,aCarola’sparotia(天堂鸟)isshowingoffhisredandyellowfeathersinadisplaycalleda“butterflydance.”Thisbrilliantlycoloredbirdsofparadisehavedevelopedovermillionsofyearsfromancientbirdswhosefeathersweredarkandboringincomparison.Itseemstobeacontradiction(矛盾)thatsuchextremefeathersandcolorscouldhavebeenfavoredbytheprocessofevolution.Afterall,thesesamebrightlycoloredfeathersthatattractmatesalsomakethebirdsmuchmorenoticeabletopredators(捕食者).Theanswerliesinthesafeenvironmentinwhichthebirdslive,andaprocessofevolutionknownassexualselection.Exceptforotherpressures,birdsofparadisebegintospecializeinattractingmates.Overmillionsofyearstheyhaveslowlyundergonechangesintheircolors,feathersandothertalents.Characteristicsthatmadeonebirdmoreattractivethananotherwerepassedonandimpoveovertime.Inthepast,demandforthebird’sfeathersresultedinahugeamountofhunting.Atthepeakofthetradeintheearly1900s,80,000skinsayearwereexportedfromNewGuineatoEuropeladies’hats.Nowadays,fewbirdsdieforfashionorfortraditionalcostumes:Ceremonialfeathersarepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.Althoughlocalpeoplearestillpermittedtohuntthebirdsfortraditionaluses,theyusuallytargetoldermalebirds,leavingyoungermalestocontinuebreeding.DavidMitchell,aconservationist,isrelyingonthehelpoflocalvillagerstorecordwherethebirdsdisplayandwhattheyeat.Hehopestonotonlygatherdata,butalsoencourageprotectionofthebirds’habitat.Thestrategyseemstobeworking.Formillionsofyears,theseimpressivebirdshavedancedtofindtheirmates.Theywillkeepdancingforaslongastheforestoffersthemstage.12.Whydothebirdsofparadiseevlovethebrightcholors?A.Tofrightenawaypredators. B.Toexeciseandcleanbodies.C.Toshowthepossessionofanarea. D.Toattractamate’sattention.13.Whatcausedsomanybirdsofparadisedieintheearly1900s?A.Industrialdevelopmentdestroyedtheirhabitat. B.Ahighdemandforfeatherstouseinhats.C.Theywereeatenbythepredators. D.Theygotsickafterinteactionswithhuman.14.Whydolocalpeoplecontinuetohuntbirdsofparadise?A.Toeatthem. B.Toprotectsmallerbirds.C.Tomaketraditionalcostumes. D.Tokeeptheirnumbersdown.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.FeathersofLove B.TroubleinParadiseC.AnAmazingperformance D.TheProtectionofBirdsofParadise【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了天堂鸟的求偶行为和进化过程，以及人类对天堂鸟的影响和保护措施。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Itseemstobeacontradiction(矛盾)thatsuchextremefeathersandcolorscouldhavebeenfavoredbytheprocessofevolution.Afterall,thesesamebrightlycoloredfeathersthatattractmatesalsomakethebirdsmuchmorenoticeabletopredators(捕食者).(这似乎是一个矛盾。毕竟，这些吸引配偶的色彩鲜艳的羽毛也使它们更容易被捕食者注意到)”以及“Exceptforotherpressures,birdsofparadisebegintospecializeinattractingmates.Overmillionsofyearstheyhaveslowlyundergonechangesintheircolors,feathersandothertalents.(除了其他的压力，天堂鸟开始专注于吸引配偶。在数百万年的时间里，它们慢慢地经历了颜色、羽毛和其他才能的变化)”可知，天堂鸟进化了鲜艳的颜色是为了吸引配偶的注意。故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Inthepast,demandforthebird’sfeathersresultedinahugeamountofhunting.Atthepeakofthetradeintheearly1900s,80,000skinsayearwereexportedfromNewGuineatoEuropeladies’hats.(在过去，对鸟类羽毛的需求导致了大量的狩猎。在20世纪初的贸易高峰期，每年有8万张皮从新几内亚出口到欧洲的女士帽子)”可知，20世纪初，由于用于女士帽子的装饰的羽毛需求量很大，所以很多天堂鸟被猎杀。故选B。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Nowadays,fewbirdsdieforfashionorfortraditionalcostumes:Ceremonialfeathersarepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.Althoughlocalpeoplearestillpermittedtohuntthebirdsfortraditionaluses,theyusuallytargetoldermalebirds,leavingyoungermalestocontinuebreeding.(如今，很少有鸟为时尚或传统服装而死：仪式用的羽毛是代代相传的。尽管当地居民仍被允许以传统用途狩猎鸟类，但他们通常以年老的雄鸟为目标，让年轻的雄鸟继续繁殖)”可知，当地人继续猎杀天堂鸟是因为传统用途。故选C。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Exceptforotherpressures,birdsofparadisebegintospecializeinattractingmates.Overmillionsofyearstheyhaveslowlyundergonechangesintheircolors,feathersandothertalents.Characteristicsthatmadeonebirdmoreattractivethananotherwerepassedonandimproveovertime.(除了其他的压力，天堂鸟开始专注于吸引配偶。在数百万年的时间里，它们慢慢地经历了颜色、羽毛和其他才能的变化。使一只鸟比另一只鸟更有吸引力的特征会随着时间的推移而遗传和改进)”以及最后一段“Formillionsofyears,theseimpressivebirdshavedancedtofindtheirmates.Theywillkeepdancingforaslongastheforestoffersthemstage.(数百万年来，这些令人印象深刻的鸟类一直在跳舞寻找配偶。只要森林能给它们提供舞台，它们就会一直跳舞)”再结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了天堂鸟利用自己色彩鲜艳的羽毛，跳舞来寻找配偶。由此可知，FeathersofLove(爱之羽毛)适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。ShortNapsHaveMajorBenefitsforYourMindForatime,researchwasbothforandagainstnapping.Manystudiesshowedmoodandcognitionbenefitsfrommiddayrest,___16___Thatleftsomeexpertshesitanttoofferadviceonnaps.Morerecentresearch,though,hasclarifiedthatdifferenttypesofnapshavedifferenteffects.Anumberofscientistsnowthinkthesweetspotisabout20to30minutes.Shortnapsdoindeedhavecognitivebenefits,especiallysignificantimprovementsincertainkindsofmemoryandinformation-processingspeed.___17___Noonetalksaboutmoodenough,but,tiredpeopletendtobeangrypeople.___18___Evenashort,10-minutenapwillrefreshaperson.Ifsomeonedoesalittlelonger,thecognitivebenefitslastalittlebitlongeraswell,andthat’swhyhalfanhour,giveortakeabit,hasemergedasagoodnapspan.Cognitivebenefitsdoshowupafternapsthatextendpast30minutes,andthosebenefitslastlonger.___19___Eventhoughtheunevennesscanpassrelativelyquicklyandnoteveryonegetsit,manypeoplefinditunpleasant.Longernapsarealsoassociatedwithsomehealthproblems.Thosewhonappedformorethan30minutesatatimewere23percentmorelikelytobeobesethanthosewhodidn’tnapatall.Theywerealsomorelikelytohaveacombinationofhighbloodpressure,highcholesterol,andotherhealthissues.___20___A.andthatmakesiteasiertowakeup.B.Itdoesn’ttakemuchsleeptoseetheseimprovements.C.Anapalsosimplymakesmanypeoplefeelbetter.D.Butitisprobablyadiseasethatcausestheextranapping.E.yetothersfoundlinkstopoorhealth,especiallyinolderadults.F.Inaddition,longnapsreducethebody’sabilitytolosefatonadiet.G.Butlongernapsletapersonincreaseunevenfeelingonwaking.【答案】16.E17.C18.B19.G20.F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了短暂的小睡对你的大脑有很大的好处。【16题详解】上文“Foratime,researchwasbothforandagainstnapping.(有一段时间，研究既有支持也有反对午睡的。)”指出研究既有支持也有反对午睡的，下文“Thatleftsomeexpertshesitanttoofferadviceonnaps.(这使得一些专家对于提供小睡建议犹豫不决)”指出一些专家对于提供小睡建议犹豫不决，这说明一些人指出小睡没有好处，所以一些专家犹豫不决是否该建议人们小睡，E项“然而还有一些人发现与健康状况不佳有关，尤其是老年人。”符合，和上文“Manystudiesshowedmoodandcognitionbenefitsfrommiddayrest(许多研究表明午间休息对情绪和认知有好处)”一起呼应第一句话“Foratime,researchwasbothforandagainstnapping.”，故选E。【17题详解】上文“Shortnapsdoindeedhavecognitivebenefits,especiallysignificantimprovementsincertainkindsofmemoryandinformation-processingspeed.(短暂的小睡确实对认知有好处，尤其是对某些记忆和信息处理速度的显著改善)”指出短暂的小睡对认知有好处，下文“Noonetalksaboutmoodenough,but,tiredpeopletendtobeangrypeople.(没有人谈论足够的情绪，但是，疲惫的人往往是愤怒的人。)”指出疲惫的人往往是愤怒的人，换言之，短暂的小睡对情绪有好处，可以消除疲惫，使人们感觉更好，空处引起下文，也应是介绍短暂小睡的好处，即介绍短暂的小睡对情绪的好处，C项“午睡也能让许多人感觉更好。”符合，故选C。【18题详解】下文“Evenashort,10-minutenapwillrefreshaperson.Ifsomeonedoesalittlelonger,thecognitivebenefitslastalittlebitlongeraswell,andthat’swhyhalfanhour,giveortakeabit,hasemergedasagoodnapspan.(即使是短暂的10分钟小睡也会让人精神焕发。如果有人睡得更久一点，认知益处也会持续更长时间，这就是为什么半小时（或多或少）被认为是一个很好的小睡时间)”可知，短暂的小睡不需要太长时间，第二段介绍了短暂小睡的好处，由此可知，空处承上启下，B项“不需要太多睡眠就能看到这些改进。”符合，it代指上文提到的Shortnaps，theseimprovements指上文提到的短暂的小睡对认知和情绪的好处，故选B。【19题详解】上文“Cognitivebenefitsdoshowupafternapsthatextendpast30minutes,andthosebenefitslastlonger.(午睡时间超过30分钟后，认知益处确实会显现出来，而且这些益处会持续更长时间。)”指出午睡时间超过30分钟后，认知益处确实会显现出来，下文“Eventhoughtheunevennesscanpassrelativelyquicklyandnoteveryonegetsit,manypeoplefinditunpleasant.(尽管这种不均匀现象可以相对较快地消失，而且并不是每个人都能感受到，但许多人还是觉得不舒服。)”提到了“不均衡现象”，且指出不均衡的现象让人感觉不舒服，由此可知，空处应引起下文，也与“不均衡现象”有关，且和上文是转折关系，G项“但较长的小睡会让人在醒来时增加不平衡的感觉。”符合，theunevenfeeling呼应下文的theunevenness。故选G。【20题详解】上文“Thosewhonappedformorethan30minutesatatimewere23percentmorelikelytobeobesethanthosewhodidn’tnapatall.Theywerealsomorelikelytohaveacombinationofhighbloodpressure,highcholesterol,andotherhealthissues.(那些一次小睡超过30分钟的人比那些根本不小睡的人肥胖的可能性高出23%。他们也更有可能同时患有高血压、高胆固醇和其他健康问题)”指出了小睡超过30分钟导致的不良后果，空处承接上文，也应谈论小睡过长产生的不良后果，F项“此外，长时间的小睡会降低身体通过节食减肥的能力。”符合，故选F。第II卷第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Elephantshaveagoodmemoryandtheycanrecallthesmellofarelativeevenafteradecadeapart.WhenFranziskaHornerandherteam___21___plannedreunions(团聚)betweentwomother-daughterpairsatzoosinGermany,theytookadvantageofthechancetotesttheelephants’___22___.Onepairhadbeen___23___fortwoyears,___24___theotherhadspent12yearsapart.Franziska___25___faecal(排泄物的)samplesfromtheseAfricanelephantsandothersatGermanzoos,carryingthesmelly10-to-15-kilogramfaecesaroundinhertinycar.Herteam___26___thesesamplesoneatatimetothefourelephants___27___theirreunions.Whentheyencounteredfaecesfrom___28___elephants,eitherthoseinthesamezooorunfamiliaranimals,theysniffed(闻)thefaecespilesandwalkedaway.Butwhenpresentedwitha___29___fromthemotherordaughtertheywereduetobereunitedwith,thefemaleelephants____30____sniffedthesamplesandshowedavarietyof____31____,frommakingdeepsoundstoswingingtheirears.Suchreactionsmaybelinkedtopositiveemotions,theresearcherssay.“Thatwasamazingandintense,”saysFranziska.“Weweresuretheydid____32____,andtheyknewexactlywhattheywere____33____there.Thesamplesizewassmall,butitwouldbe____34____todosimilartestsonelephantsthatweren’tbeingreunited.”“Iamnotsurprisedthatelephantshavememories,especiallyinsocialcontexts,that____35____alongtime,”saysanotherscientist.21.A.heardabout B.worriedabout C.gaveup D.linedup22.A.tastes B.entertainments C.efforts D.memories23.A.ignored B.separated C.abandoned D.observed24.A.once B.until C.while D.because25.A.cleaned B.mixed C.collected D.adjusted26.A.presen