南京财经大学考研真题-基础英语

朽木易折，金石可镂。千里之行，始于足下。第页/共页南京财经大学2023年年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试（初试）试卷考试科目：613基础英语适用专业：英语语言文学考试时光：2023年年1月20上午8：30—11:30注重事项：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试卷或草稿纸上无效。I.Paraphrasetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingsentences.(10points)1.Studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.2.Craftymencontemnstudies,simplemenadmirethem,andwisemenusethem,andabovethemwonbyobservation.3.Unlessthemanexploitothers,hehastoworkinordertolive.Howerversimpleandprimitivehisproductionmaybe,hehasrisenabovetheanimalkindom;rightlyhashebeendefinedas“animalthatproduces”.4.Educationmakesapeopleeasytolead,butdifficulttodrive;easytogovern,butimpossibletoenslave.5.Evenphilosophydivorcedfromtheologyandfromtheknowledgeoflifeandascertainablefacts,isbutafamishingpabulum,oradraughtstimulatingforamoment,leavingbehinddroughtanddisillusion.II.VocabularyandGeneralKnowledge.(20points)1.Itwasfoundthedietofolderpeopleisoften________invitamins.A.shotB.inadequateC.deficientD.failing2.Yourstoryaboutthefrogturningintoaprinceis______nonsense.A.sheerB.shearC.shieldD.sheet3.Iunderstand______preparationthatstaffmustputinunderpressuretomeetthedeadline.A.morethantheenormousamountofB.betterthanmosttheenormousnumberofC.betterthanmosttheenormousamountofD.fewerthanthenumberof4.Fromtheavailabledataitmayfairlybe______thatthewriterflourishedinthe15thcentury.A.presupposedB.presumedC.assumedD.supposed5.I______toonedailynewspaperandoneweeklymagazine.A.prescribeB.subscribeC.decretiveD.transcribe6.Herenthusiasm,andherviolentlikesanddislikes,_____herselfinalltheeverydayoccupationsoflife.A.insertedD.counseledC.assertedD.discerned7.Communicationsatellitescontainspecialinstrumentswhichcanpassonor______radioandtelevisionprogramsortelephonemessagesfromonestationtoanother.A.relayBsetCreturnD.emit8.Oneoftheattractivefeaturesofthecoursewasthewaythepracticalworkhadbeen_____withthetheoreticalaspectsofthesubject.A.alternatedB.integratedC.adjustedD.embraced9.Itishopedthattheprisonerwillbereleasedthroughthe_______ofthepresidenthimself.A.conventionB.preventionC.interventionD.interference10.Theybeganconstructingthebridgein1960,butseveralyears_______beforetheprojectwascompleted.A.elapsedB.advancedC.proceededD.compromise11.JamesBoswellisfamousforhisbiographyof_____.A.GeneralPaoli B.SamuelJohnsonC.LordChesterfield D.BertrandRussell12.WhichoneofthefollowingbooksisnotwrittenbyJaneAusten?A.PrideandPrejudice B.PersuasionC.Emma D.Mrs.Dalloway13.SigmundFreudisa_____.A.neuropsychologist B.writerC.biologist D.anthropologist14.WhowinsNobelPrizeLaureateforliteratureamongthefollowingpeople?A.JohannesKepler B.EnricFermiC.SamuelBeckett D.SigmundFreud15.TheauthorofTheAdventureofTomSawyeris_____.A.HenryJames B.MarkTwain C.ThomasCarlyle D.C.S.Lewis16.Whichoneofthefollowingeventswasnotapartofcivilrightsmovementin1960s?A.anti-terrorist B.women’sliberationmovementC.thedrugculture D.theVietnamWar17.Jean-PaulSartreistheforemostexponentof_____.A.modernism B.postmodernismC.intuitionism D.existentialism18.TheGreeningofAmericaiswrittenby_____.A.ThorsteinVeblen B.CharlesReichC.JosephBrodsky D.SaulBellow19.Eskimoscalltheirhousesas_____.A.tepees B.igloos C.huts D.cottages20.TheauthorofTheScarletLetteris_____.A.NathanielHawthorne B.KennethClarkC.HermanMelville D.ErnestHemingwayErrorCorrection.(10points)1.Massachusettswasfirstexploredinthelatesixteenthandearlyseventeenthcenturies,andtheABDfirstpermanentsettlementatPlymouthin1620.D2.ComposerRichardRodgersandlyricistOscarHammersteinIIbroughttothemusicalAOklahoma!extensivemusicalandtheatricalbackgroundaswellasfamiliarwiththeBCtraditionalformsofoperettaandmusicalcomedy.D3.Harvestingofgrainisaffectedbyannualchangesintemperatureortheamountofmoisture,ABCbutboth.D4.Apatentgivesinventorsexclusiverightstotheirinventionsforafixperiodoftime.ABCD5.TheeconomyofLitueRock,Arkansas,ABretailtradeandgovernmentfunctions.CD6.HowmanypeoplerealizethatMarjorieKinnanRawlings’TheYearlingisaminorliteraryABclassicandanimportantcontributetoregionalliterature?CD7.Damsvaryinsizefromsmallrockbarrierstoconcretestructuresmanyfeetheight.ABCD8.ScientistsestimatethatasmanyastwohundredmillionsvisiblemeteorsentertheEarth’sABCatmosphereeveryday.D9.Intheearlytwentiethcentury,therewasconsiderableinterestingamongsociologistsintheAfactthatintheUnitedStatesthefamilywaslosingitstraditionalroles.BCD10.Governmentmoneyappropriatedforartinthe1930’smadepossiblehundredsofABstatuesstilladmirationinsmalltownsallovertheUnitedStates.CDIV.ReadingComprehension(40points)TEXTAAfewcommonmisconception.Beautyisonlyskin-deep.One’sphysicalassetsandliabilitiesdon'tcountallthatmuchinamanagerialcareer.Awomanshouldalwaystrytolookherbest.Overthelast30years,socialscientistshaveconductedmorethan1,000studiesofhowwereacttobeautifulandnot-so-beautifulpeople.Thevirtuallyunanimousconclusion:Looksdomatter,morethanmostofusrealize.Thedatasuggest,forexample,thatphysicallyattractiveindividualsaremorelikelytobetreatedwellbytheirparents,soughtoutasfriends,andpursuedromantically.Withthepossibleexceptionofwomenseekingmanagerialjobs,theyarealsomorelikelytobehired,paidwell,andpromoted.Un-American,yousay,unfairandextremelyunbelievable?Onceagain,thescientistshavecaughtusmouthingpieties(虔诚)whileactingjustthecontrary.TheirtypicalexperimentWorkssomethinglikethis.Theygiveeachmemberofagroup—collegestudents,perhaps,orteachersorcorporatepersonnelmangers—apieceofpaperrelatinganindividual’saccomplishments.Attachedtothepaperisaphotograph.Whilethepapersallsayexactlythesamethingthepicturesaredifferent.Someshowastrikinglyattractiveperson,someanaveragelookingcharacter,andsomeanunusuallyunattractivehumanbeing.Groupmembersareaskedtoratetheindividualoncertainattributes,anythingfrompersonalwarmthtothelikelihoodthatheorshewillbepromoted.Almostinvariably,thebetterlookingthepersoninthepicture,thehigherthepersonisrated.Inthephrase,borrowedfromSappho,thatthesocialscientistsusetosumupthecommonperception,whatisbeautifulisgood.Inbusiness,however,goodlookscutbothwaysforwomen,anddeeperthanformen.AUtahStateUniversityprofessor,whoisanauthorityonthesubject,explains.Intermsoftheircareers,theimpactofphysicalattractivenessonmalesisonlymodest.Butitspotentialimpactonfemalescanbetremendous,makingiteasier,forexample,forthemoreattractivetogetjobswheretheyareinthepubliceye.Onanothernote,though,thereisenoughliteraturenowforustoconcludethatattractivewomenwhoaspire(1.Accordingtothepassage,peopleoftenwronglybelievethatinpursuingacareerasamanager______.A.apersonspropertyordebtsdonotmattermuchB.aperson'soutwardappearanceisnotacriticalqualificationC.womenshouldalwaysdressfashionablyD.womenshouldnotonlybeattractivebutalsohigh-minded2.Theresultofresearchcarriedoutbysocialscientistsshowthat________.A.peopledonotrealizetheimportanceoflookingone’sbestB.womeninpursuitofmanagerialjobsarenotlikelytobepaidwell C.goodlookingwomenaspiretomanagerialpositions D.attractivepeoplegenerallyhaveanadvantageoverthosewhoarenot3.Experimentsbyscientistshaveshownthatwhenpeopleevaluateindividualsoncertainattributes_______.A.theyobservetheprinciplethatbeautyisonlyskin-deepB.theydonotusuallyactaccordingtotheviewstheysupportC.theygiveordinary-lookingpersonsthelowestratingsD.theytendtobasetheirjudgmentontheindividual'saccomplishments4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinthebusinessworld_______.A.handsomemenarenotaffectedasmuchbytheirlooksasattractivewomenareB.physicallyattractivewomenwhoareinthepubliceyeusuallydoquitewellC.physicallyattractivemenandwomenwhoareinthepubliceyeusuallygetalongquitewellD.goodlooksareimportantforwomenastheyareformenTEXTB ToemphasizethestagnationandthenarrownessofthesocietydepictedinJaneAustin’snovelsistotakeanarrowandmechanicalviewofthem.Emmaisnotaperiodpiece,norisitwhatissometimescalleda"comedyofmanners."Wereadittoilluminatenotonlythepastbutalsothepresent.Andwemustfacehereinbothitscrudityanditsimportanceaquestion.ExactlywhatrelevanceandhelpfulnessdoesEmmahaveforustoday?Inwhatsensedoesanoveldealingskillfullyandrealisticallywithasocietyanditsstandards,whicharedeadandgoneforever,havevalueinourverydifferentworldtoday?Statedinsuchterms,thequestionitselfisunsatisfactory.IfEmmatodaycapturesourimaginationandengagesoursympathies(as,infact,itdoes),theneitherithassomegenuinevalueforus,orelsethereissomethingwrongwiththewaywegiveoursympathyandourvaluesareprettyuseless.Putthisway,itisclearthatanyonewhoenjoysEmmaandthenremarks“butofcourseithasnorelevancetoday”is,infact,debasingthenovel,lookingatitnotasaliving,enjoyableworkofartbutasameredeadpictureofapastsociety.Suchanattitudeisfatalbothtoartandtolife.ItcanbeassumedthatEmmahasrelevance.Thehelpfulapproachistoaskwhythisnovelstillhasthepowertomoveustoday.WhatgivesEmmaitspowertomoveusistherealismanddepthoffeelingbehindJaneAustin’sattitudes.Sheexamineswithascrupulousyetpassionateandcriticalprecisiontheactualproblemsofherworld.Thatthisworldisnarrowcannotbedenied.Butthevalueofaworkofartrestsonthedepthandtruthoftheexperienceitcommunicates,andsuchqualitiescannotbeidentifiedwiththebreadthofthework’spanorama(概要).Aconversationbetweentwopeopleinagrocerystoremaytellusmoreaboutasworldwarthanavolumeofdispatchesfromthefront.ThesilliestofallcriticismsofJanAustenistheonetheblamesherfornotwritingabouttheBattleoftheWaterlooandFrenchRevolution,whichwereinth4eheadlinesofthenewspaperssheread.Shewroteaboutwhatshegenuinelyunderstood,andnoartistcandomore.5.Themainideaofthepassageisthat_______.A.anarrowviewofEmmaisnaturalandacceptableB.anovelshouldnotdepictavanishedsocietyC.agoodnovelisanintellectualratherthananemotionalexperienceD.Emmashouldbereadwithsensitivityandanopenmind6.TheauthorwouldprobablydisagreewiththosecriticsorreaderswhofindthatthesocietyinJaneAusten’snovelsis________.A.unsympatheticB.uninterestingC.crudeD.authoritarian7.Theauthorimpliesthataworkofartisproperlyjudgedonthebasisofits________.A.universalityofhumanexperiencetruthfullyrecordedB.popularityandcriticalacclaiminitsownageC.opennesstovariedinterpretations,includingseeminglycontradictoryonesD.avoidanceofpoliticalandsocialissuesofminorimportance8.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsomeonewho“enjoysEmmaandthenremarks‘butofcourseithasnorelevancetoday’”canbestbedescribedasoneof______.A.amusementB.astonishmentC.disapprovalD.resignationTextCJosephJoneshadacriminalrecord,buthesworeupanddownthatthistimehewasinnocent.That'swhatthe36-year-oldfelontoldaLosAngelesSuperiorCourtjudgelastyear,justmomentsbeforepleadingguiltytosellingcocaine.Hereceivedaneight-yearsentence.OnWednesday,JoneswalkedoutofCalifornia'sSalinasValleyStatePrison,hisconvictionoverturnedattherequestoftheLosAngelesDistrictAttorneyGilGarcetti.Turnsout,Jonesreallywasinnocentofthecocainecharge.Jones’caseisnotallthatunusual.InLosAngeleslately,itistheprosecutorswhoareaskingthatdefendantsbesetfree.Thecriminaljusticesystemseemstohavebeenturnedinsideoutasauthoritiesprobewhatmightbecomethemostwidespreadpolicecorruptionscandalinthecity’shistory.“Iwouldn'tsaythesystemisinshambles,butithascertainlybeenseriouslydisrupted,”saysMichaelJudge,chiefpublicdefenderforLosAngeles.Ahigh-rankingpoliceofficialwhoaskednottobenamedadds:“I’veneverseenanythinglikethisbeforeinLosAngeles.It'sthePoliceauthoritiessayatleastoneofficerhasbeenfired,11placedonadministrativeleave,andone,RafaelPerez,hasresigned,asallegationsswirlthattheystolecontraband,lied,plantedevidence,roughedupwitnessesandkeptacrashpadwheretheyhadsexwithprostitutes.Perezadmittedshootinganunarmedman,thenframinghimbyplantingasemiautomaticriflenearhisunconsciousbodyandaccusinghimofattackingofficers.FiveLosAngelesprosecutorsandaspecialpolicetaskforcearereviewinghundredsofcasesthatmighthavebeencompromised.Morethan200policedepartmentsupervisorsandassistantsarepartofaboardofinquiryexpectedtomakerecommendationstoPoliceChiefBernardParksasearlyasnextweek.FivecriminalconvictionsthatPerezandhispartnerobtainedhavebeenoverturned,andmorecouldfollow,aspokeswomanforGarcettisaid.OnWednesday,publicdefendersreceivedalistofmorethan1000casesinvolvingeightlawenforcementofficerstargetedintheprobe.Eachmustbereviewedforpossiblytaintedtestimony.Ifevidenceissuspect,lawyerssay,they’llarguefornewtrialsordismissalofcharges.Thecourtscouldbetiedupforyears.Addingtothemorass,officialsexpectanonslaughtofcivillaw-suitsagainstthepolicedepartmentfromdefendantswhowerewronglyconvicted.Thefirsthasbeenfiled.“Thisisatarnishonourbadge,”saysOfficerTedHunt,presidentoftheLosAngelesPoliceProtectiveLeague,whichprovideslawyersforaccusedofficers.Hecautioned,however,againstjumpingtotheconclusionthatpolicecorruptioniswidespread.OnlyPerezhasbeenprovedguilty,henotes.“Otherthanthisonetinypersonwhoembarrassedallofus,LAPDcoppersarehonestandethical,andtheywanttodotherightthing,”Huntadds.InSeptember,Perezadmittedincourtthathehadstolenabout8poundsofcocainefromthepoliceevidenceroomlastyear.Inanattempttolowerhissentence,heofferedtoblowthewhistleonallegedcorruptioninthedepartment'sRampartDivision.Assignedtoatough,mostlyminorityneighborhoodwestofdowntown,RampartDivisionpoliceareknownaspro-active.“Theirjobistogooutandgetthestreethoodlums,theoneswhocauseordinarycitizenstobeafraid”Huntsays.“Ramparthadthehighestcrimerateinthecity,andtheyturneditaround.”AccordingtoPerez,someofficersatRampartweredoingmorethangoodpolicework.Perezcontends,forexample,thatin1996,heandhispartner,NinoDurden,shot19-year-oldJavierFranciscoOvando,thenframedhimforassaultingthem.TheshootingparalyzedOvando.Thoughhehadnopriorrecord,thejudgehandeddownthestiffestsentencepossiblebecause,thejudgesaid,thedefendantshowednoremorse.OvandowasreleasedfromprisoninSeptemberafterservingthreeyearsofa23-yearsentence.TamarToiser,Ovando’scriminaldefenselawyer,saysPerezandhispartnertestifiedbrilliantlyatthetrial.“Theywerewonderfulwitnesses,”shesaid.“Theyknewjustwhentolookthejuryintheeye.Theycalled(Ovando)a‘gangassassin.’”DavidBrockway,thelawyerwhoadvisedJonestotakeaneight-yeardealandadmitsellingcocaine,alsoremembersthesametwocopsaseffectivewitnesses.IfJoneshadgoneupagainstthem,“Whowouldthejuryhavebelieved?”heasks.Bygoingtotrial,Joneswouldhaveriskedbeingfoundguiltyandreceivingasentenceof32yearstolifeinprisonunderCalifornia’s“three-strikes’”law,Brockwaysays.“Innocentpeoplearebeingconvicted,”publicdefenderJudgesays.“That'sthemagnitudeoftheconsequences,andthisisreallydevastatingforthesystem.”ButHuntandotherpoliceofficerssaythatthesystemisworking.It’sthepolicedepartment,theysay,thatuncoveredtheproblembyaggressivelyinvestigatingtheevidenceroomtheft,whichledtoPerez.9.What’sthemainideaofthearticle?A.Policemenalsodosomeillegalthings.B.Therearemoreandmorepolicescandalsthesedays.C.Policescandalputsconvictionsindoubt.D.Only1cophasadmittedguilt,soitisunreasonabletoquestionthecriminalconvictions.10.Thephrase“handdown”isinclosemeaningtowhichofthefollowing?A.putdownB.takedownC.statepubliclyD.denyangrily11.Thisarticlecanbefoundmostprobablyin________.A.novelsB.anthologyC.newspaperD.encyclopedia12.IftheinformationofferedbyPerezinparagraph8waswrongandotherinformationweretrue,ithelpstoconfirmthat________.A.allBrockwaysaysatthelastparagraphisrightB.PerezisreallynotagoodcopC.NinoandPerezarenotfriendsD.NoinnocentpeoplearebeingconceivedTextDCyberspace,datasuperhighways,multimedia—forthosewhohaveseenthefuture,thelinkingofcomputers,televisionsandtelephoneswillchangeourlivesforever.Yetforallthetalkofaforthcomingtechnologicalutopialittleattentionhasbeengiventotheimplicationsofthesedevelopmentsforthepoor.Aswithallnewhightechnology,whiletheWestconcernsitselfwiththe"how,"thequestionof"forwhom"isputasideonceagain.Economistsareonlynowrealizingthefullextenttowhichthecommunicationsrevolutionhasaffectedtheworldeconomy.Informationtechnologyallowstheextensionoftradeacrossgeographicalandindustrialboundaries,andtransnationalcorporationstakefulladvantageofit.Termsoftrade,exchangeandinterestratesandmoneymovementsaremoreimportantthantheproductionofgoods.Theelectroniceconomymadepossiblebyinformationtechnologyallowsthehavestoincreasetheircontrolonglobalmarkets–withdestructiveimpactonthehave-nots.Forthemtheresultisinstability.Developingcountrieswhichrelyontheproductionofasmallrangeofgoodsforexportaremadetofeellikesmallpartsintheinternationaleconomicmachine.As"futures"aretradedoncomputerscreens,developingcountriessimplyhavelessandlesscontroloftheirdestinies.Sowhataretheoptionsforregainingcontrol?Onealternativeisfordevelopingcountriestobuyinthelatestcomputersandtelecommunicationsthemselves—so-called“developmentcommunications”modernization.Yetthisleadstolong-termdependencyandperhapspermanentconstraintsondevelopingcountries’economies.CommunicationstechnologyisgenerallyexportedfromtheU.S.,EuropeorJapan;thepatents,skillsandabilitytomanufactureremaininthehandsofafewindustrializedcountries.Itisalsoexpensive,andimportedproductsandservicesmustthereforebeboughtoncredit–creditusuallyprovidedbytheverycountrieswhosecompaniesstandtogain.Furthermore,whennewtechnologyisintroducedthereisoftentoolowalevelofexpertisetoexploititfornativedevelopment.Thismeansthatwhilelocalelites,foreigncommunitiesandsubsidiariesoftransnationalcorporationsmaybenefit,thosewhoselivesdependonaccesstotheinformationaredeniedit.13.Fromthepassageweknowthatthedevelopmentofhightechnologyisintheinterestsof_____.A.therichcountriesB.scientificdevelopmentC.theeliteD.theworldeconomy14.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A.internationaltradeshouldbeexpandedB.theinterestsofthepoorcountrieshavenotbeengivenenoughconsiderationC.theexportsofthepoorcountriesshouldbeincreasedD.communicationstechnologyinthedevelopingcountriesshouldbemodernized15.Whydoestheauthorsaythattheelectroniceconomymayhaveadestructiveimpactondevelopingcountries?A.Becauseitenablesthedevelopedcountriestocontroltheinternationalmarket.B.Becauseitdestroystheeconomicbalanceofthepoorcountries.C.Becauseitviolatesthenationalboundariesofthepoorcountries.D.Becauseitinhibitstheindustrialgrowthofdevelopingcountries.16.Thedevelopmentofmoderncommunicationstechnologyindevelopingcountriesmay____.A.hindertheirindustrialproductionB.causethemtolosecontroloftheirtradeC.forcethemtoreducetheirshareofexportsD.costthemtheireconomicindependenceTextEPoorhealthiscloselyassociatedwithhomelessness.Thirteenpercentofhomelesspatientssurveyedinanationalstudypublishedinthe1980sstatedthatpoorphysicalhealthwasafactorintheirbecominghomeless.In1997,43.4millionpeopleintheUnitedStateslackedhealthinsurance,andnearlyone-thirdofpersonslivinginpovertyhadnohealthinsuranceofanykind.ArecentanalysisofHealthCarefortheHomelessprojectsfoundthatthenumberofuninsuredpersonsseekingtreatmentisincreasing:overall,HCHprogramsreporta35%increaseinthenumbersofpatientswhoareuninsured.Theratesofbothchronicandacutehealthproblemsareextremelyhighamongthehomelesspopulation.Withtheexceptionofobesity,strokes,andcancer,homelesspeoplearefarmorelikelytosufferfromeverycategoryofchronichealthproblem.Conditionsthatrequireregular,uninterruptedtreatment,suchastuberculosis,HIV/AIDS,diabetes,hypertension,addictivedisorders,andmentaldisorders,areextremelydifficulttotreatorcontrolamongthosewithoutadequatehousing.Manyhomelesspeoplehavemultiplehealthproblems.Forexample,frostbite,legulcersandupperrespiratoryinfectionsarefrequent,oftenthedirectresultofhomelessness.Homelesspeoplearealsoatgreaterriskoftraumaresultingfrommuggings,beatings,andrape.Homelessnessprecludesgoodnutrition,goodpersonalhygiene,andbasicfirstaid,addingtothecomplexhealthneedsofhomelesspeople.Inaddition,somehomelesspeoplewithmentaldisordersmayusedrugsoralcoholtoself-medicate,andthosewithaddictivedisordersarealsooftenatriskofHIVandothercommunicablediseases.Homelesschildrenalsoexperiencenumeroushealthproblems.ArecentstudyofthehealthstatusofhomelesschildreninNewYorkCityfoundthat61%ofhomelesschildrenhadnotreceivedtheirproperimmunizations(comparedto23%ofallNewYorkCitytwo-year-olds);38%ofhomelesschildrenintheCity'ssheltersystemhaveasthma(anasthmaratefourtimesthatforallNewYorkCitychildrenandthehighestprevalencerateofanychildpopulationintheUnitedStates).Peoplewhoarehomelessareoverwhelminglyuninsuredandoftenlackaccesstothemostbasichealthcareservicesfortheircomplexhealthcareneeds.Atpresent,thereisonefederallyfundedprogram,HealthCarefortheHomeless,whichisdesignedspecificallytoprovideprimaryhealthcaretohomelesspersons.RecentevaluationsoftheHCHprogramshavefoundthatHCHprojectsprovideprimaryhealthcareinacost-effectiveandefficientmanner.HCHprojectsaresuccessfulbecausetheyaredesignedandcontrolledbylocalcommunitiestofillsignificantgapsinexitinghealthcaredeliverysystems.HealthandsocialserviceworkersinHCHprojectsprovidecomprehensivecarethroughaccessibleclinicsandmobileandstreethealthoutreach.Nootherindigentcaresystemprovidesthisservice.InFiscalYear1998,theHCHprogramawardedgrantsto128community-basedorganizationsthat,inmm,expandedtheirservicenetworkthrougharrangementswithover300serviceproviders.Asaresult,theHCHprogramservesmorethan430,000clientsin48states,theDistrictofColumbiaandPuertoRico.ForthepeopleservedbyHealthCarefortheHomelessprograms,therestorationofphysicalhealthisoftenafirststeptowardreentryintostablehousingandmainstreamsociety.However,thecrumblinghealthcaresafetynet,thearrivalofmanagedcare,andgrowthinhomelessnesshaveresultedinincreasedneedforhomelesshealthcareservices.Welfarereformisalsohavinganimpact:manyfamiliesleavingwelfarelosehealthinsurance,despitecontinuedMedicaideligibility.TheseandotherpolicychangeshavemadeitimpossibleforHCHprogramstoreachthemajorityofhomelesspeopleinAmerica.A1997studybytheBureauofPrimaryHealthCarefoundthatHCHprojectsareexperiencingasignificantgrowthinhomelessnessintheircommunities,andthatatthesametime,financialsupportforHCHprogramsisdiminishing.Asaresult,HCHprojectshavebeenforcedtoreduceprogramstaffing,andwaitinglistsandturnawayrateshaveincreased.17.Whichofthefollowingdiseasesaretheonesthehomelessaremostlikelytosufferdirectlyfrom?A.Obesity,andTuberculosis.B.HIV/AIDS,anddiabetes.C.Frostbite,andlegulcers.