中考英语人教版一轮复习专题突破+学案+题型三　阅读理解

题型三阅读理解从近几年的广东中考考题来看，阅读理解题包括A、B、C三篇短文。A篇是应用文，一般以表格、图表或配有图片的短文等形式出现。一般都可以直接从文中找出答案。该题型主要考查短文的细节信息，间或有短文出处、写作对象及目的的考查。B篇是考查学生能力的短文，一般为说明性的短文(科普文)。除考查对文章的整体把握和关键信息的提取之外，还考查词义猜测、推理判断以及文章主旨大意归纳的能力。C篇为配对阅读题，命题者给考生提供若干段简短的信息，让学生把相应的信息进行配对，属于细节考查题，难度不大，要尽量不失分。年份篇序话题主题考点2023ADIY纸扇人与自我(勤于动手，乐于实践)51细节理解题52细节理解题53细节理解题54细节理解题55写作意图题B动物的方向感人与自然(在探索动物的过程中认识动物、保护动物)56文章出处题57细节理解题58词义猜测题(英文猜英文)59推理判断题60最佳标题题C青少年与父母的分歧与建议人与社会(良好的人际关系与人际交往，培养合理金钱观)61～65细节匹配题2022A一则关于智能家庭秀的广告人与社会(科普知识与现代技术)51细节理解题52图文理解题53细节理解题54细节理解题55细节理解题B世界著名的登山运动员杰瑞的故事人与社会(挑战自我，帮助社会)56段落大意题57词义猜测题(英文猜英文)58细节理解题59推理判断题60最佳标题题C短信与回复人与社会(良好的人际沟通)61～65细节匹配题2021A摘草莓的注意事项人与社会51细节理解题52细节理解题53细节理解题54细节理解题55推理判断题B学生Laura发起Feed&Find项目，既帮助解决粮食浪费问题，也帮助了有需要的人人与社会(良好人际交往，和谐社区生活)56推理判断题57细节理解题58细节理解题59词义猜测题(英文猜英文)60最佳标题题C英语习语与语境人与自我(激发学习兴趣，掌握英语学习方法)61～65细节匹配题A(2023·广东)Whenit’shotoutsideandwehavetogoout，surelywewanttokeepcool.Wecanputonhats，wearlightclothing，orstayatacoolplace.However，nothingcanbeatagoodfan.NowI’llshowyouhowtomakeagoodDIY(DoItYourself)paperfan.WhattopreparePleasepreparetwopiecesofpaper.Allpaperwillwork，butyourDIYfancanbeusedforalongtimewithquality(优质的)paper.Thengetglue，twosticks，etc.HowtomakeaDIYfanThefirststepistodrawpicturesonthepaper.Justdrawanythingyoulike.Thenextstepistofoldup(折叠)thepaper.Thengluethetwopiecesoffoldedpapertogether.Afterthat，paintthesticks.Thefinalstepistogluethesticksontothefoldedpaper.Andeverythingisdone.Ifyoulookatyourwatch，youwillbesurprised:ittakeslessthan15minutestomakeagoodpaperfan.Thenyoucanfolditupanddropitinyourbag.Whenyouareoutintheheatnexttime，justtakeitoutandenjoythegentlewind.eq\x(语篇解读：本文介绍了纸扇可以保持凉爽以及制作纸扇的步骤。)51．Whichisthebestwaytokeepcoolaccordingtoparagraph1?A．Puttingonhats. B．Usingagoodfan.C．Wearinglightclothing. D．Stayingatacoolplace.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段中“Wecanputonhats，wearlightclothing，orstayatacoolplace.However，nothingcanbeatagoodfan.”可知，天热想保持凉爽的最佳方式就是使用一把好扇子。故选B。52．Whyisqualitypaperagoodchoicetomakeafan?A．Itislight. B．Itiscolorful.C．Itlastslong. D．Itlooksbeautiful.答案C解析细节理解题。根据Whattoprepare中“Allpaperwillwork，butyourDIYfancanbeusedforalongtimewithquality(优质的)paper.”可知，使用优质纸张是因为可以让纸扇长时间使用。故选C。53．Whatisthesecondstepofmakingapaperfan?A．Paintingthesticks. B．Drawingpicturesonthepaper.C．Foldingupthepaper. D．Gluingthesticksontothefoldedpaper.答案C解析细节理解题。根据HowtomakeaDIYfan中“Thenextstepistofoldup(折叠)thepaper.”可知，第二个步骤是把纸折叠起来。故选C。54．Fromthelastparagraph，wecantellthatmakingapaperfanis.A．quickB．difficultC．boringD．strange答案A解析细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Ifyoulookatyourwatch，youwillbesurprised：ittakeslessthan15minutestomakeagoodpaperfan.”可知，制作纸扇是非常快的。故选A。55．Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A．Tosellpaperfans. B．Toshowhowtosavetime.C．Toshareafunstory. D．Toteachhowtomakepaperfans.答案D解析写作意图题。本文介绍了纸扇可以保持凉爽以及制作纸扇的步骤，即写作目的是教我们如何制作纸扇。故选D。BSomeanimalscaneasilyfindtheirwayhomeafteralongjourney.Howdotheymakeit?Scientificresearchshowsthattheyarebornwithcertainunusualabilitiesfordirection.Acertainkindofants，forexample，cancounttheirstepstoavoidgettinglost.Theycangoasfaras110metresandbringfoodhome.Theseantsliveintheopendesert(沙漠)，sotheyhavenothingtoguidethemalongtheway.It’slikesomeonewalkingsixkilometresthroughadarkforest.Somefishhaveanunbelievablesenseofsmell.Theycansmellevenasingledropoftheirhomewaterinalargeseaarea.Someseabirdshaveasimilarability.Theyareabletomakeasmellmapoftheirflyingarea.Someanimalscansensetheearth’smagneticfield(磁场)，whilehumanscan’t.Thismagneticfieldguidesacertainkindoffishwhentheyswimalongwaytoaplaceandthenback.Howcanthiskindoffishdothat?Itisstillamystery.Scientistshavenogoodanswersyet.However，animalswithsuchunusualabilitiesstillhavedifficultydealingwithenvironmentalchangescausedbyhumanactivities.Forexample，manybirdsdependonstarsfordirection，buttheygetlosteasilyatnightwhencitylightsarekeptonallnight.Tosolvethisproblem，wecansimplyturnoffsomelightsatnight.Clearly，onesmallactofhumansmaymeanalottoanimals.eq\x(语篇解读：本文介绍了一些动物天生就具有某些不寻常的方向感。)56．Whereisthispassagemostprobablyfrom?A．Astorybook. B．Anartmagazine.C．Aguidebook. D．Asciencemagazine.答案D解析文章出处题。本文是围绕“动物的方向感”展开，可能会在科学杂志上看到。故选D。57．Howcanacertainkindofantsfindtheirway?A．Byimaginingtheway. B．Bycountingtheirsteps.C．Bybringingfoodtogether. D．Bywalkingthroughaforest.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段中“Acertainkindofants，forexample，cancounttheirstepstoavoidgettinglost.”可知，一些蚂蚁可以通过数步数来避免迷路。故选B。58．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mystery”inparagraph4probablymean?A．Secret.B．Choice.C．Reason.D．Feeling.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据第四段中“Itisstillamystery.Scientistshavenogoodanswersyet.”可知，科学家还没有答案，因此可推知画线单词“mystery”与A选项“秘密”意思相近。故选A。59．Whatarepeopleadvisedtodoaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Tohelpanimals. B．Totravelatnight.C．Tokeepcitylightson. D．Todevelopunusualabilities.答案A解析推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，本段说明人类的一个小举动可能对动物意义重大，因此是建议人们要帮助动物。故选A。60．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Birds’SenseofLight B．Fish’sSenseofSmellC．Animals’SenseofDirection D．Animals’SenseofMagneticField答案C解析最佳标题题。本文介绍了有些动物天生就具有某些不寻常的方向感，因此“动物的方向感”为最佳标题。故选C。C配对阅读。左栏是五名学生的困惑，右栏是七则建议，请将每个学生的困惑和对应的建议进行匹配。61.Mymumdidn’tagreetobuyanothermodelracingcarforme.Shesaiditwouldbeawasteofmoney.Iamangrywithher.()62.Iwantapairofbasketballshoesformytraining.ButIdon’twanttoaskmyparentsformoney.()63.Igetasmuchpocketmoneyasmysistereachmonth.Butmymoneyrunsoutmuchmorequicklythanhers.()64.IthinkIcanspendallmyluckymoney.Butmyfatherdoesn’tallowmeto.()65.Mymumwantsmetodotheweeklyshoppingforourfamily.ButIdon’tknowhowtospendmoneywisely.()A.Youcanmakeashoppinglistfirst.Andyoumaygotodifferentsupermarketstocomparepricesbeforeyoumakeadecision.B.Youshouldunderstandyourmum.Amodelcarisnotamust.Parentsknowmoreaboutthevalueofmoneyastheyworkhardtosupportthefamily.C.Writedownyourdailyspendingofthepocketmoneyinanotebook.Thismayhelpyouavoidunnecessaryspending.D.Youcanlearnnumbersfirst.Forexample，youcancountcoinsandbanknoteswithyourparents.E.Maybeyoucanhaveayardsaletogetmoneyforyourshoes.Theremustbethingsyoudon’tneedanymorelikeoldtoysormagazines.F.Iagreewithyourfather.Youcankeeppartofyourluckymoneyinabankinsteadofusingitup.Thiscanhelpyousavemoneyforthefuture.G.Youcaninvitesomeoneworkinginabanktoyourclubtogiveatalk.Inthisway，youcanknowmoreabouthowbankswork.eq\x(语篇解读：本文左栏是五位学生的困惑，右栏是七则建议。)61．答案B解析根据第一位同学的困惑可知，这位同学因为妈妈不同意买另外一辆赛车模型而感到生气，B选项“你应该理解你妈妈。模型车不是必需品。由于父母努力工作养家，所以他们更了解钱的价值。”符合题意，故选B。62．答案E解析根据这位同学的困惑可知，这位同学想买一双训练穿的篮球鞋，但又不想向父母要钱，E选项“也许你可以举办一场庭院拍卖来赚钱买鞋。你一定有不再需要的东西，比如旧玩具或杂志。”符合题意，故选E。63．答案C解析根据这位同学的困惑可知，他的零花钱比妹妹的花得快，C选项“把你每天花费的零花钱记在笔记本上。这可以帮助你避免不必要的支出。”符合题意，故选C。64．答案F解析根据这位同学的困惑可知，这位同学想花完所有的压岁钱，但是爸爸不同意，F选项“我同意你父亲的看法。你可以把一部分压岁钱存入银行，而不是用完。这可以帮助你为未来省钱。”符合题意，故选F。65.答案A解析根据这位同学的困惑可知，妈妈要求他去做家庭采购，但他不知道如何明智地花钱，A选项“你可以先列一个购物清单。在你做决定之前，你可以去不同的超市比较价格。”符合题意，故选A。类型一阅读A、B题型一细节理解题一、命题形式细节理解题主要考查学生对阅读材料中某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。广东中考阅读理解中细节理解题主要有以下考查方向：1．5W＋1H细节题5W＋1H细节题主要考查学生对文章中发生什么事、事件的主要人物、事件发生的时间、原因、过程、结果的理解。此类题目题干中的关键词是解题的关键，学生需将题干中的关键词代入原文中进行比对，得出正确答案。2．EXCEPT/TRUE题根据广东中考真题可知，EXCEPT题出现在2019、2018年的阅读A篇中，TRUE题出现在2018年的阅读B篇中。此类题目主要是对某个点的全面考查或是对全文细节的考查，学生需对全文的细节有全面的了解和把握，用排除法得出正确答案。常见的设问方式：①Accordingtothepassage，thefollowingsare...EXCEPT.②WhichofthefollowingisTRUE/FALSE?3．数字计算题根据广东中考真题可知，数字计算题多以howmany进行设问，考查某个关键点下包含多少个小点，学生需弄懂文章中各要点间的逻辑关系；或是考查年份、月份或金钱的计算，文章中经常会出现多个数字，学生需对它们进行比对、分析、计算得出正确答案。常见的设问方式：①Howmany...doesthewritermentioninparagraph...?②Sbandsb.willpay...fortheticket.二、解题方法方法1排除干扰项法细节理解题中，部分题目的干扰选项往往是正确细节与非正确细节的混杂，考生需将选项与原文进行比对，排除干扰选项，得出正确答案。真题体验1(2022·阅读A节选)NowyourkidscantrythesedevicesatthesmarthomeshowinourcommunitysciencecenterfromAugust1sttoAugust14th...OpeningHours:1：00p．m.－9：00p．m.fromTuesdaytoSunday；closedonMonday.53．Whencanavisitorenterthesciencecenter?A．OnMondaymorning. B．OnSundaymorning.C．OnMondayafternoon. D．OnSundayafternoon.答案D解析细节理解题。根据OpeningHours部分“1：00p．m.－9：00p．mfromTuesdaytoSunday；closedonMonday.”可知，游客周日下午可以参观科学中心。故选D。方法2同义转换法细节理解题中还有一部分题目的题干关键词与选项关键信息是对原文进行了同义转换，同义转换的部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，此时需要对比选项与原文的意思是否一致。真题体验2(2021·阅读A节选)Forsafety，youmustuseournewbasketsonly.Abasketalonecosts5yuan.Itholdsabout2kgofstrawberriesandabasketofstrawberriesispricedat50yuanintotal.52．Thefarmprovidesnewbaskets.A．tocutdownthecost B．toprotecttheenvironmentC．tokeepcustomerssafe D．tocarrymorestrawberries答案C解析根据“Forsafety，youmustuseournewbasketsonly.”可知，safe与safety为同义词，故选C。方法3细节推敲法这类题目不能直接从原文中找到对应的词或短语，学生需根据文章的隐含意义，如原因、前提或结果等对文章细节进行推敲，得出正确答案。真题体验3(2023·阅读A节选)Ifyoulookatyourwatch，youwillbesurprised:ittakeslessthan15minutestomakeagoodpaperfan.Thenyoucanfolditupanddropitinyourbag.Whenyouareoutintheheatnexttime，justtakeitoutandenjoythegentlewind.54．Fromthelastparagraph，wecantellthatmakingapaperfanis.A．quick B．difficultC．boring D．strange答案A解析根据“Ifyoulookatyourwatch，youwillbesurprised：ittakeslessthan15minutestomakeagoodpaperfan.”可推知，制作纸扇是非常快的。故选A。真题体验4(2021·阅读B节选)Prettycool，right?It’snotsurprisingthatpeopleinothercitieshavegotintouchwithLaura，hopingthatshecouldhelpdevelopsimilarprojectsfortheircommunities.58．PeopleinothercitieswouldlikeLaurato.A．findatruckdriver B．visittheircommunitiesC．giveawayfoodtothem D．helpdevelopprojectslikehers答案D解析由“hopingthatshecouldhelpdevelopsimilarprojectsfortheircommunities”可知，人们希望Laura能帮助他们发展一样的项目。故选D。题型二推理判断题一、命题形式推理判断题要求学生根据阅读材料中所提供的信息，推断出未知的信息。此类题目不能直接从文中找到答案，学生需根据文章的细节或文章所表达的观点进行推断，不可凭个人臆断进行选择。二、解题方法1．隐含推断题此类题目主要立足于文章的细节，学生需要从细节中找到线索，总结推理出正确答案。真题体验5(2023·阅读B节选)However，animalswithsuchunusualabilitiesstillhavedifficultydealingwithenvironmentalchangescausedbyhumanactivities.Forexample，manybirdsdependonstarsfordirection，buttheygetlosteasilyatnightwhencitylightsarekeptonallnight.Tosolvethisproblem，wecansimplyturnoffsomelightsatnight.Clearly，onesmallactofhumansmaymeanalottoanimals.59．Whatarepeopleadvisedtodoaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Tohelpanimals. B．Totravelatnight.C．Tokeepcitylightson. D．Todevelopunusualabilities.答案A解析根据最后一段内容可知，文章建议人们通过环保行动来帮助和保护动物。故选A。真题体验6(2022·阅读B节选)ForJerry，thiskindofadventureismostsatisfying.“Suchadventureshavemadeusseelifeinadifferentway.Now，beingthebestclimberisn’timportantforme.Whatmattersisdoingsomethinghelpfulwhileclimbingthemountains.Thereisstillmuchmorewecando，”Jerrysaidtoanewspaper.59．Jerry’sandhisfriends’adventureshavechanged.A．theirhobbies B．theirfriendshipC．theirunderstandingoflife D．theirlivingconditions答案C解析根据句中“Suchadventureshavemadeusseelifeinadifferentway.”可知，Jerry和朋友们的探险改变了他们对生命的理解。故选C。2．文章出处题此类题目可以根据文章的用词和体裁来推断文章的出处，也可以根据文章内容的主题意义来确定文章的出处。常见的题干设题形式如下：Thepassageismostprobablyfrom.Whereisthepassageprobablyfrom?Wherecanyoumostprobablyreadthispassage?Inwhichpartofthenewspaperwillyoufindthepassage?真题体验7(2023·阅读B节选)Someanimalscaneasilyfindtheirwayhomeafteralongjourney.Howdotheymakeit?Scientificresearchshowsthattheyarebornwithcertainunusualabilitiesfordirection.56．Whereisthispassagemostprobablyfrom?A．Astorybook. B．Anartmagazine.C．Aguidebook. D．Asciencemagazine.答案D解析本文是围绕“动物的方向感”展开，可能会在科学杂志上看到。故选D。3．读者对象题此类题目要先了解文章主旨大意，抓住文章中能提示读者对象的词或句进行判断。真题体验8(2019·阅读A节选)Bullying(欺凌)canhappentoanyone.Agreatmanychildrenaroundtheworldarebulliedeveryyear，buttherearethingsthatcanbedonetohelp...Whatcanyoudo?Ifsomeoneisnotkindtoyou，tellanadultthatyouknowandlike.Forexample，talktoaparentorateacher.60．Thispassageismainlywrittenfor.A．teachers B．parentsC．children D．thepolice答案C解析通读全文尤其是Whatcanyoudo？部分的内容可推知，本文主要是写给孩子的。故选C。4．写作意图/目的题判断文章的目的，可以从文章的主题句入手，先了解文章大意，再对作者写这篇文章的目的进行推断。常见的题干设题形式如下：Whatisthemainpurpose/ideaofthepassage?What’sthepurposeofthepassage?What’sthewritingpurposeofthe...paragraph？真题体验9(2023·阅读A节选)Whenit’shotoutsideandwehavetogoout，surelywewanttokeepcool.Wecanputonhats，wearlightclothing，orstayatacoolplace.However，nothingcanbeatagoodfan.NowI’llshowyouhowtomakeagoodDIY(DoItYourself)paperfan.Whattoprepare...HowtomakeaDIYfan...55．Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A．Tosellpaperfans. B．Toshowhowtosavetime.C．Toshareafunstory. D．Toteachhowtomakepaperfans.答案D解析本文介绍了纸扇可以保持凉爽以及制作纸扇的步骤，即写作目的是教我们如何制作纸扇。故选D。真题体验10(2019·阅读B节选)Inourdailylife，robotsareoftenfoundtodoworkthatistoodangerous，boring，difficult，ordirty.Andweoftenseekidsplaywithtoyrobots.Butwhatexactlyisarobot?Therearesomeimportantcharacteristics(特征)thatarobotmusthave.Thesecharacteristicsmighthelpyoutodecidewhatisandwhatisnotarobot.65.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Tohelppeopleunderstandwhatarobotis.B．Totellwhatarobotcandoinourlife.C．Todescribethemovementofarobot.D．Tointroducethehistoryofrobots.答案A解析根据文章内容可知，本文主要给我们介绍了什么是机器人。故选A。5．观点态度题推断作者对某人某事的看法或者作者本人所持的观点，作者的观点和态度通常在首段或尾段表现得最为明显。真题体验11(2021·阅读B节选)Accordingtoaresearch，morethan130billionpoundsofuneatenfoodgotowasteinLaura’scountyeachyear.Thatisabout30%oftheyearlyfoodsupply(供应)．Itisasadfact，especiallywhenyouconsiderhowmanyfamiliesandhomelesspeopleareinhunger.56．Thenumbersinparagraph1tellus.A．somepeoplearepoor B．foodwasteisseriousC．thepopulationislarge D．theresearchisinteresting答案B解析根据文中的数据可推知，作者旨在告诉我们食物浪费很严重。故选B。题型三词义猜测题一、命题形式词义猜测题考查学生对一定的词汇在特定的语言环境中的意义的理解，要求学生对文中个别难词、关键词做出解释。解答这类题目，学生需要利用上下文的关键信息点来确定其确切含义。常见的设问方式如下：Whatdoestheunderlinedword“...”inbablymean?Whatdoestheword“...”inparagraph...meaninChinese?Theunderlinedword“...”inthispassagemeansinChinese.TheChinesemeaningof“...”is.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“...”inthepassage?Theunderlinedword“it/they/them”inparagraph...isabout.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph...referto?二、解题方法1．语境推断法大部分的词义猜测题都可以通过上下文语境推断出答案，学生可以根据上下文之间的并列关系、已知信息与生词的同义关系、反义关系等逻辑关系推断出生词的意思。真题体验12(2023·阅读B节选)Someanimalscansensetheearth’smagneticfield(磁场)，whilehumanscan’t.Thismagneticfieldguidesacertainkindoffishwhentheyswimalongwaytoaplaceandthenback.Howcanthiskindoffishdothat?Itisstillamystery.Scientistshavenogoodanswersyet.58.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mystery”inparagraph4probablymean?A．Secret. B．Choice.C．Reason. D．Feeling.答案A解析根据“Itisstillamystery.Scientistshavenogoodanswersyet.”可知，科学家还没有答案，因此可推知画线部分“mystery”与A选项“秘密”意思相近。故选A。真题体验13(2022·阅读B节选)AlthoughJerryhadachievedgreatsuccess，hedidn’tfeelfulfilled.Heaskedhimself，“Isitenoughtoclimbthehighestmountains?AmIdoingsomethinghelpful?HowcanIturnmyadventuresintosomethingthatcanhelptheworld？”57．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fulfilled”inparagraph2mean?A．Satisfied. B．Lonely.C．Patient. D．Worried.答案A解析根据第二段第一句“AlthoughJerryhadachievedgreatsuccess”可知，此处表让步关系，后句应是他没有感到满足。因此“fulfilled”在此处的意思是满足的，和satisfied意思相近。故选A。2．定义法此类题目中，用文中的一个句子或段落给生词定义；用破折号、冒号、分号后的内容或引号、括号中的内容对生词加以解释或定义。真题体验14(2019·阅读B节选)IntelligenceArobotneedssomekindof“smarts”．Aprogrammeristhepersonwhogivestherobotits“smarts”．Therobotwillhavetohaveacertainwaytoreceivetheprogramsothatitknowswhatitistodo.64．TheChinesemeaningof“Intelligence”inthelastparagraphis.A．能源B．勤奋C．智能D．外观答案C解析画线词后面的内容都在解释什么是intelligence，分析可知选C。3．构词法通过构词法来猜测词义，主要分为派生法和合成法两类。派生词的词义可依据“前缀变词义，后缀变词性”的原则来猜测词义，如：unsatisfied，speechless。合成法由两个独立的单词合成一个新单词，考生需熟悉每个独立单词的词义，来猜出新单词的意思，如：homemade。真题体验15(2020·阅读B节选)However，from2012to2016，poaching(偷猎)andillegaltradeintheelephantsincreasedrapidly.Eighty-threeelephantswerelostin2015alone，andanotherfifty-oneelephantswerekilledin2016.“Ifthissituationgoeson，alltheGourmaelephantswillbekilledby2020，”saidamemberofMEP.57．Whatdoestheword“illegal”inparagraph4meaninChinese?A．公平的B．亏损的C．非法的D．合理的答案C解析由否定前缀il-可知，此处表示否定意思，legal合法的，illegal即为不合法的，故选C。4．生活常识猜词义经典例题1Lisaletthehairdressertrimherhairabitbecauseitgrewtoolong.Whatdoestheword“trim”meaninChinese?A．Cut.B．Put.C．Control.D．Wash.答案A解析由常识可知，头发长了，需要修剪，cut有修剪的意思。故选A。5．列举事例猜词义经典例题2MynameisTom.Iwanttojoinaclubinmyschool.I’mnotfamous(著名的)now，butmaybeIcanbefamoussomeday.Ican’tsingordanceoract，butIcandomanyotherthings.Icanplaythreekindsofinstruments：theguitar，theviolinandthedrums.IthinkIcanbeinthemusicclub.MaybeIcanbeafamousmusician.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“instruments”inChinese?A．乐谱B．乐器C．乐章D．琴答案B解析由画线词后面的theguitar，theviolinandthedrums可知，它们都属于乐器，故选B。题型四主旨大意题一、命题形式主旨大意题主要考查学生对文章的概括能力，要求学生在理解全文的基础上，归纳短文或某一段落的大意、概括文章的中心思想或写出文章的标题。常见的设问方式如下：Which/Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?Whatisparagraph...mainlyabout?Thebesttitleofthispassageis.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?Thepassageismainlyabout.What’sthepassagemainlyabout?Thepassagemainlytalksabout.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage/paragraph...?二、解题方法第一步：定位主题句，弄懂文章中心思想。方法1开门见山主题句出现在文首，这种结构主要是为了开门见山，先提出主题，然后围绕主题用细节来解释、论证或发展主题思想。方法2藏头露尾主题句出现在文尾，这种结构往往是先阐述细节，然后归纳要点，得出结论，概括主题。方法3卧虎藏龙主题句隐含在全文中，没有明确的主题句。阅读这样的文章，要求学生根据文章的细节来分析、概括、推导出文章的主题。具体方法是：明确各个段落的内容以及它们之间的逻辑关系，寻找核心词和高频词，然后加以归纳形成主题。第二步：比对选项，排除干扰项。主旨大意题的正确选项需要具有概括性，不能以偏概全或是泛泛而谈；选择文章最佳标题，要注意标题需具有概括性、针对性和醒目性，标题要囊括文章的主要内容，指向文章的主要特点。广东中考中主旨大意题的干扰选项通常有以下特征：以偏概全、扩大概念、缩小概念、逻辑错误等。真题体验16(2023·阅读B节选)Someanimalscaneasilyfindtheirwayhomeafteralongjourney.Howdotheymakeit?Scientificresearchshowsthattheyarebornwithcertainunusualabilitiesfordirection.Acertainkindofants，forexample，cancounttheirstepstoavoidgettinglost...Somefishhaveanunbelievablesenseofsmell...Someanimalscansensetheearth’smagneticfield(磁场)，whilehumanscan’t...However，animalswithsuchunusualabilitiesstillhavedifficultydealingwithenvironmentalchangescausedbyhumanactivities...60．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Birds’SenseofLight B．Fish’sSenseofSmellC．Animals’SenseofDirection D．Animals’SenseofMagneticField答案C解析本文介绍了有些动物天生就具有某些不寻常的方向感，因此“动物的方向感”为最佳标题。故填C。真题体验17(2022·阅读B节选)Jerryisaworld-famousmountainclimber.Hehasclimbedmanyhighmountainsintheworld.Startingin2015，heandhisfriendsspenttwoyearsonanadventure(探险)inSouthAmerica，covering7,800miles.HewasevennamedAdventureroftheYearbyafamousgeographymagazinein2018.56．Whatisparagraph1mainlyabout?A．Jerry’sfriends. B．Jerry’sachievements.C．Highmountains. D．Ageographymagazine.答案B解析通读第一段尤其是最后一句“HewasevennamedAdventureroftheYearbyafamousgeographymagazinein2018.”可知，第一段主要是讲Jerry的成就的。故选B。类型二配对阅读一、命题形式配对阅读主要考查考生对文章的理解能力和信息匹配能力。常见类型如下：1．人名——观点配对2.地名——描述配对3.问题——建议配对4.需求——广告配对5．情况——习语配对6.分类题二、解题方法1．找关键词不要无目的、无重点地阅读，而是要有目的、有选择性地跳读，要善于逻辑推理，抓住上下句子有关联的信息，即关键词。在信息匹配中，上下的句子往往会出现同样的单词，我们应首先考虑它们是否就是匹配的一项。真题体验1(2023·配对阅读61)Mymumdidn’tagreetobuyanothermodelracingcarforme.Shesaiditwouldbeawasteofmoney.Iamangrywithher.B．Youshouldunderstandyourmum.Amodelcarisnotamust.Parentsknowmoreaboutthevalueofmoneyastheyworkhardtosupportthefamily.分析由原文中关键词modelracingcar可定位到B项中的modelcar。2．同义表达如果文中没有可用于配对的关键词，则找同义词或句子。真题体验2(2022·配对阅读64)Hi，Peter.Hasyourleggotanybetter?Wewillhaveamatchnextweek.Hopeyoucancomeandwatchit!G．Thanks.Itisgettingmuchbetternow.MydoctorsaidIcouldreturntothesportsfieldnextmonth.Anyway，I’llbetherenextweek.分析原文中“Hasyourleggotanybetter？”和G项中“Itisgettingmuchbetternow.”为同义句。(一)AChickenSoupfortheSoulMusicalTheaterWhatdoyougetwhenyoucombine(结合)theworld’sfavoritestorytellerwithtopproducers?YougetChickenSoupfortheSoulMusicalTheater.Thisamazingperformanceismadeupofsixnewmusicalplaysthataddresstoday’smostimportantsocialandemotional(情绪的)problemsforteenagers.Theyarecreative，thelatest，andallbasedonreal-lifeChickenSoupfortheSoulstories.Theseplayswerewrittenforstudentstoplay.Therearenoadultactors.Thisisallabouttheteensandtheirworld.Themusicalscoreswerewrittenforstudents’ears，too.Wehiredsomeoftoday’smostpopularandtalentedcomposers(作曲家)toscoretheseplays.Thesecomposerswillkeepstudentsenergetic.Mostimportantly，though，theseplayswilldosomuchmorethanpleasepeople—they’llteach.Showtime：7：00p．m.－9：00p．m，fromSaturdaytoSunday，September,2023Showplace：QueenOlympicPark，EastLondonVisitors：Peopleofallages.5dollarsEACH.Educatorsandteensunder18arefree.Moreinformation：1．Nofoodanddrinksinside.2．Keepquietandturnoffmobilephones.3．Visithttps：//togetafullunderstandingoftheprogram.1．Whatistheperformanceabout?A．Theworldofadultactors.B．Sixclassicalmusicalplays.C．Thelifeoftheworld’stopproducers.D．Themostimportantproblemsforteenagers.答案D2．WhoactinChickenSoupfortheSoulMusicalTheater?A．Adults.B．Students.C．Producers.D．Educators.答案B3．Howlongdoestheperformancelast?A．Halfanhour.B．Anhour.C．Twohours.D．Threehours.答案C4．Howmuchshouldateacherwithhis12-year-oldsonpay?A．5dollars.B．10dollars.C．15dollars.D．Free.答案D5．Whichismentionedinthepassage?A．TheperformanceisinEastOlympicPark.B．Eatinganddrinkingarenotallowedinside.C．Talkingonthephoneisallowedinside.D．Callingtoknowmoreabouttheperformanceisadvised.答案BB(2023·惠州一模)Yourbelovedpetmaybehurtingyoursleep，newresearchfinds.Thoughpetscanbehelpfulforhealth，petownerwaslikelytohavepoorersleep，accordingtoastudy.Theresearcherscorrectedfactorsthatcouldinfluencesleep，includingrace(种族)andincome(收入)，aswellasage，gender(性别)andBMI，andfocusedonwhetherapersonhadasleepdisorderandwhetherapersonhadacatoradog.Thefindingsshowedthathavingadogwasconnectedwithagreaterchanceofhavingasleepdisorderandhavingtroublesleeping，whilehavingacatwasconnectedwithhavingahigherchanceoflegjerks(抽搐)inthenight.“Theageofthepethasabiginfluenceonwhetherornottheykeepyouupatnight，”VanEgmondsaid.“Ifyouhavemanypets，theycaneggeachotheron.”Withdogs，itdependsalotonthekindandtheactivitylevelitneeds.Makingsureapetgetsplentyofphysicalactivitiesandmentalstimulation(刺激)duringthedaycanhelpanimals—andtheirowners—getbetterrest.Unlikedogs，catsaremoreactiveatnightanditiseasiertouseuptheirenergy.Ifyouplaywithyourcatbeforeitisreadyforbed，youwouldmakeithardforcatstofallasleep.Ifyoufeedyourcatafterplayingwithit，yourcatwouldfeelthatithassuccessfullyhunteditsfoodandisrewardedwithanicemealinreturn.Thenitgoestosleepquickly.Thenewstudyshowsthatpetscaninfluenceyoursleep，butwehavetoreallythinkaboutthatpetsaremuchmorethanapetinourfamily.6．Whatcanmakeagreatdifferencetoyoursleep?A．Food. B．Pets.C．Work. D．Noise.答案B7．Ifyouhaveadog，youmayhavetroublein.A．playingwithit B．studyC．gettingmoremoney D．sleeping答案D8．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“eggeachotheron”mean?A．Encourageeachothertofightorquarrel.B．Haveatalkwitheachother.C．Helpeachother.D．Learnfromeachother.答案A9．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Weshouldseethepetsasourfamily.B．Catsareveryactiveinthedaytime.C．Allthedogscaninfluenceyoursleep.D．Nomatterhowmuchacateats，itisalwaysfullofenergy.答案A10．Inwhichpartofanewspapermaythispassageappear?A．Travel. B．Animals.C．Culture. D．Health.答案DC配对阅读。左栏是五个人的愿望，右栏是七座城市的简介。请为每个人选出最合适的旅游城市。11.Alicehasbeendrawingsinceshewasfouryearsold.Nowshewantstoknowmoreaboutsomefamouspaintings.()12.Paulshowsgreatinterestinhavingthecomingsummerholidaysinaseasidecity，inwhichthereisastretchofwhitesandbeachperfectforsunbathing.()13.Daisyisabookworm.Shehasalreadyreadmanybooksinthelocallibraryandcan’thelpfindingmoreinterestingbooks.()14.Jimthinkstherearefewtreesinhiscity.Hewouldliketoliveinaplacefilledwithtreesandbreathethecleanairthere.()15.Doralovesflowers.Sheboughtanewcameraandshewantedtorecordthebeautifulmomentsofdifferentkindsofflowerswithit.()A.SingaporeCityinSingaporeisamoderncitywithcolorfulbuildingsandmanykindsofplants.SothiscityisalsoknownastheGardenCity.Withmanytalltrees，lowshrubs(灌木)andlushgrasseverywhere，theenvironmenthereisquiteclean.B.AsthebirthplaceofRenaissance(文艺复兴)，FlorenceinItalyishometoafamousartgallery(展览馆)．ManyfamousartworksduringtheRenaissanceareonshowhere，suchassomepaintingsofLeonardodaVinci.C.TokyoinJapanhasmanytop-ratedrestaurants.Cooksalwayscarefullychoosethemostseasonalingredients(原料)．Theyoftendoaslittletothefoodaspossibletobringoutthecolorandtaste.D.OxfordintheUKisaveryfamouscitybecauseofitslonghistoryandOxfordUniversity.Theuniversityhas120milesofbookshelves，showingitsdeepreadingculture.E.Withayear-roundaverage(平均的)temperatureof22℃，MedellininColumbiaiscalled“TheCityofEternal(永久的)Spring”．Theclimatemakesitaperfectplaceforflowers.ManyflowersareonshowinMedellininAugust.F.SydneyinAustraliaisacityalivewithwildlifesuchaskangaroosandkoalas.ThebestplacetomeetharmlesswildlifeistheRoyalBotanicGardensintheheartofthecity.What’smore，visitingtheGardensisfree.G.QingdaoinChinaisafamousseasidecity.Itisfamousforthebluesea，beautifulbeachesanddeliciousseafood.It’sawonderfulplaceforsummerholidays.答案11.B12.G13.D14.A15.E(二)AWelcometoQing