中西方文化在建筑风格上的差异-以故宫和凡尔赛宫为例

OntheDifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternArchitecturalCulture—TaketheImperialPalaceandthePalaceofVersaillesasExamples[Abstract]Architecturenotonlyisoneofthesymbolsinhumancivilization,butalsothecrystallizationofhumanhistoryandscienceandtechnology.Differentformsofarchitectureindicatethesocialsystemandmentaloutlookderivedfromdifferentcultures.Architecturehasthefunctionofrecordingsocialdevelopmentandsocialcivilization,whichletsusfeelthefootstepsofhistoricalcivilizationandgloriousstoryofyesterday.Thebestarchitecturerelicsintheworldareoftenlistedasworldculturalheritage.ThetwopalacesoftheForbiddenCityandVersaillesarethehallmarksofChineseandWesternarchitecturalculturesandarchitecturalstyles.TheImperialPalaceisthelargestaswellasthemostcompleteancientpalacebuildingintheworld.ItistheessenceofancientChinesearchitecturalart.AsastandardWesternarchitecture,thePalaceofVersaillesisdeeplyinfluencedbyWesternhumanisticthoughts,itemphasizesthepowerofhumanbeingsandisfullofreligiousmysticism.Thedifferenceinbackgroundculturemakesthesebuildingsradiatedifferentbrilliance.BycomparingthedifferencesbetweentheImperialPalaceandthePalaceofVersaillesintermsofbuildingmaterials,buildingstructure,buildingspacelayout,buildingdecorationandcolor,wecananalyzethesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterncultures.Foralongtime,asanoutstandingrepresentativeofthehistoryofChineseandWesternpalacearchitecture,theImperialPalaceandthePalaceofVersailleshavealwaysbeenregardedasmiraclesinthehistoryofworldarchitecture.theImperialPalace;thePalaceofVersailles;ArchitecturalCulture;ArchitecturalStyle

中西方文化在建筑风格上的差异—以故宫和凡尔赛宫为例[摘要]建筑不仅是人类文明的标志之一，也是人类历史和科学技术的结晶。不同的建筑形式反映了源于不同文化的社会制度和精神面貌。建筑有记录社会发展和社会文明的功能，使我们今天能够很直观的感受到历史文明的脚步和昨日辉煌的故事，世界上最优秀的建筑遗存，往往会被列为“世界文化遗产”。而故宫和凡尔赛宫这两大宫殿正是中西方建筑文化和建筑风格的标志。故宫是世界现存规模最大、最完整的古代宫殿建筑，是中国古代建筑艺术的精华。凡尔赛宫作为标准的西方建筑，深受西方人文思想的影响，强调人的力量，充满了宗教神秘主义色彩。背景文化的差异让这些建筑散发着不同的光辉。通过比较故宫和凡尔赛宫在建筑材料，结构，空间布局，装饰与色彩上的差异,我们可以分析中西方文化的不同。长久以来,作为中西方宫殿建筑史上的杰出代表,中国的故宫和法国的凡尔赛宫一直被认为是世界建筑史上的奇迹。[关键词]故宫凡尔赛宫建筑文化建筑风格

CONTENTSTOC\o"1-3"\h\u164870Introduction 页0IntroductionAsaculturalsymbol,architecturerevealsdifferentideologies,religiousfeelingsandaesthetictastesofdifferentareasandregionsinitsuniquelanguage.Itisoneofthemostproudandvaluablecivilizationachievementscreatedbymankind.Architectureoriginatedfromhumanbeings'shelterforwindandrain,butwiththedevelopmentofhumanbeings,humancivilizationandtheexpressionofarchitecturalformshavegivenculturalconnotations.So,ithasmaterialvalueandspiritualvalue.Asaresultofnaturalenvironment,socialconditions,religiouscultureandotherfactors,therearegreatdifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterntraditionalarchitecture.Thesedifferencesaremainlyreflectedinthematerials,structures,decorationandcoloraswellasspacelayout.ThroughtheanalysisandresearchoftraditionalChineseandWesternarchitectures,theyhavebecomeaculturalinterpretation,whichenablesreaderstohaveamorecomprehensiveunderstandingoftraditionalChineseandWesternarchitecturalculture.Chinesearchitecturalcultureistheessenceofeasternarchitecturalculture,andwesternarchitectureisthesourceofEuropeanarchitecturalculture.BoththeImperialPalaceinBeijingandthePalaceofVersaillesinParisareworld-famousroyalpalacebuildings.TheImperialPalaceisalsocalledtheForbiddenCityandisthemostcompleteandlargestancientpalaceallovertheworld.ThePalaceofVersaillesistherepresentativeworkofearlyFrenchclassicalarchitectureandisoneofthemostfamouspalacesintheworld.Chineseandwesternarchitecturesshowthecharacteristicsofdifferentregionalcultures.Asaresultofdifferentsocialbackgroundsandthinkingmodes,differentnationalculturalcharacteristicshavebeenformed.ThroughthecomparisonwithChineseandWesternarchitecture,wecanfeelthemysteriousdifferencebetweenChineseConfucianethicsandWesternreligion.AlthoughtherearemanydifferencesbetweentheImperialpalaceandthePalaceofVersaillesbecauseofthedifferencesbetweenChineseandwesterncultureandtheideasofpeople,theyareallthesamesolemn,greatandbeautiful,andcanbecalledtreasuresinthemodernWorldArchitectureHistory.Theyreflectthecharmofartaswellasshowthevigorofthedevelopmentofhumancivilization.1DevelopmentHistoryoftheArchitectureinChinaandtheWestThedevelopmentofarchitectureisnotsame,showingthedifferentattitudestowardsinnovationbetweenChinaandtheWest.Fromthepointofviewofarchitecturaldevelopment,Chinesearchitectureissoconservative.Accordingtoliterature,Chinesearchitecturalformsandmaterialsusedhaveremainedunchangedfor3,000years.UnlikeChina,Westernarchitectureoftenchanges,anditsstructureandmaterialsevolvedsharply.ThefirsttempletoappearontheAcropolisofAthenshasbeeninexistenceformorethan2,500years.Duringthistime,theentireEuropeanarchitecturalformevolvedandchanged.Architecturehaschangedalot,fromancientGreekclassicalcolumnstoancientRomanarchvouchers,fromGothicbuildingvoucherstotheSt.Peter'sBasilicaofEuropeanRenaissanceRoman,regardlessofimage,proportion,decorationandspacelayout.Thisreflectsthewesternpeoplewhocandaretobeindependentandtoinnovate.1.1DevelopmentHistoryoftheArchitectureinChinaThedevelopmentofancientChinesearchitecturehasroughlygonethroughthefivehistoricalstagesofprimitivesociety,slaverysocietyandfeudalsociety.ChinesearchitecturalculturebeganintheXiaandShangDynasties.Duringthisperiod,thetraditionalformofcorridorcourtyardinChinawasformed.AfterenteringtheSpringandAutumnandWarringStatesperiods,newproductionrelationsandtheestablishmentofcentralizedpower,economicprosperityandrelativelystablesocietyledtotheconstructionofpalaces,tombs,GreatWall,etc.Thelayoutofourcountry'sarchitecturalsystemhasalreadybeguntotakeshape,withgreatdevelopmentinarchitecturaltechnologyandincreasinglymatureformsofarchitecturalart.Thefirstpeakofthedevelopmentofourcountry'sarchitecturalculturewastheWarringStatesandQinDynasties.Duringthisstage,alargenumberofcitiesbegantoappear,andlarge-scalepalaceandhigh-risebuildingsbegantobebuilt.ThemostrepresentativebuildingsareXianyangPalaceandEpangPalace.TotheHanDynasty,thedevelopmentofChinesesocialproductiveforces,leadingtosignificantprogressintheconstructionindustry,thecivilconstructionbegantodevelopduringtheWei,Jin,SouthernandNorthernDynasties,whichwasagreatinnovationinarchitecturalhistory.Inthisperiod,ethnicintegrationandculturalexchangeshadledtothedeepeningofthenewdevelopmentofarchitecture.BytheSuiandTangDynasties,ChinahadbasicallyformedabuildingsystemandhadinfluencedNorthKorea,Japanandothercountries.Chang'anCitywasthemosttypicalamongthem.ItsplanningwasthemostrigorousinancientcapitalsinChina.Besides,ForbiddenCityintheMingDynastyandSummerResortintheQingDynastywereallsymbolsofChina'straditionalbuildingculture.TheancientChinesecapitalplanningthoughtcenteredonimperialpalacewasthemostcompleteandwonderfulembodimenthere.Itsarchitecturalgrouplayoutartcanbesaidtohavereacheditsperfection.Chinesegardens,whichbeganintheShangandZhouDynasties,alsoreachedanextremeartisticlevelintheMingandQingDynasties,famousroyalgardensincludeYuanmingYuan,SummerPalace,Beihai,etc.whileprivategardensaremostprosperousinSuzhouandYangzhouinthesouthoftheYangtzeriver,andtherearenumerousmasterpiecesoffamousgardens.Inaddition,duringtheMingandQingDynasties,Chineseethnicarchitecturehasalsohadagreatdevelopment,thefamousexistingbuildingsincludethePotalaPalaceinTibet,theLuoTempleoftheDaipeopleinYunnanandsoon,formingacolorfulphenomenonofthebuildingsofallethnicgroups.BythelatefeudalMingandQingDynasties,Chinawasgraduallyconservative.Chineseancientbuildingswereapproachingperfectioninsomeaspects,buttheywerealsodeclining.1.2DevelopmentHistoryoftheArchitectureintheWestAncientGreecewasthebirthplaceofEuropeanculture,whosearchitecturewasthefirstEuropeanarchitecture.AncientGreekarchitectureismainlyapillarbuilding,andthemainbuildingmaterialintheearlydayswasstone.Althoughthearchitecturalstyleisrelativelysingleandtheinteriorspaceisclosedandsimple,ithasinspiredmanyartstolatergenerations.ArchitectureinancientRomeinheritsthearchitecturalstyleofancientGreekcivilization,whichhighlightsthecharacteristicsofMediterraneanregion,anditisalsoadevelopmentofAncientGreekarchitecture.AncientRomebecameapowerfulcountryintheMediterraneanregioninthe2ndcenturyBC.Atthesametime,theRomansalsostartedRomanconstructionprojects.Bythetime,theRomanEmpirewasestablishedinthe1stcenturyAD,RomehadbecomeaworldcitywiththesamereputationasChang'anCityintheEast.Medievalreligiousbuildingsshoweddifferentstylesinlayout,structureandart,belongingtotwoarchitecturalartsystems,namely,ByzantineinEasternEuropeandRomanstyleinWesternEurope.ByzantiumwasoriginallyacastleinancientGreece.Fromtheperspectiveofhistoricaldevelopment,ByzantinearchitecturewasdevelopedonthebasisofinheritingtheAncientRomanarchitectureculture.Atthesametime,duetogeographicalrelations,italsoabsorbedtheeasternculturesofPersia,MesopotamiaandSyria,andformeditsownarchitecturalstyle.RomanarchitectureisastyleofarchitecturalintheChristianregionsofEuropeanfromthe6thto12thcenturies.ThisisabuildinginthestyleofancientRome.Romanarchitectureisfoundmainlyinmonasteriesandchurches.Ithasaclearoutline,simpleandbrightlines,andheavyshapes.Someofthebuildingsarecharacterizedbyfeudalcastlesandaretheembodimentofchurchpower,givingpeopletheimpressionofboldnessandsolemnity.However,Gothicarchitecture,whichemergedinWesternEuropeafterRomanarchitecture,embodiesthehighestachievementofmedievalarchitecture.Gothicarchitecturebeganinthe11thcenturyandbecamepopularinEuropefromthe13thtothe15thcentury.Withtheriseofcivilsociety,Gothicarchitecturequicklybecamepopularandbecamethecenterofurbanpubliclife.Inthedesign,thecrossarch,uprightpostandthenewframestructureareusedtosupportthetop,makingthewholebuildinghighandfullofspace.Inaddition,thelongwindowinlaysthecoloredglass,causesthebuildingtohavethethickreligiousatmosphere.Gothicarchitectureoccupiesanimportantplaceinthehistoryofarchitectureforitssuperbtechnicalandartisticachievements.ThemostfamousareNotreDamedeParisandMilanCathedral.RenaissancearchitecturewasborninItalyinthe15thcenturyandspreadtootherpartsofEurope,formingRenaissancearchitecturewithitsowncharacteristics.ItalianRenaissancearchitectureisthemostimportantinRenaissancearchitecture.ItisanarchitecturalstyleinthehistoryofEuropeanarchitecturefromtheGothicarchitecture.ThenBaroqueandRococoarchitecturerose.BaroquearchitecturewasanarchitecturalstyledevelopedonthebasisofItalianRenaissancearchitectureinthe17thand18thcenturies.IthasbeenrecognizedthatBaroqueisagreatartisticstyleinEurope.Inthe1820s,Frenchinteriordecorationwasintoxicatedwithdelicacy,softness,complexityandmagnificence,resultinginRococostyle,whichonceagainrewritesthehistoryofEuropeanarchitecturalart.2DifferencesoftheArchitecturebetweentheImperialPalaceinChinaandthePalaceofVersaillesintheWest2.1DifferencesinBuildingMaterialDifferentbuildingmaterialsanddifferentsocialfunctionsmakeChineseandWesternclassicalarchitectureshavedifferent"artlanguages".ThedifferenceofbuildingmaterialshowsthedifferenceofChineseandWesternmaterialcultureandphilosophy.Beforemodernbuildingswerenotproduced,allthematurebuildingsystemsintheworldwerebasicallybuiltwithmasonryasthemainbuildingmaterial.ThemainbuildingmaterialsofChineseancientbuildingsarewood,thisdevelopedauniquewoodenframe-typebuildingstructure.Thewoodenframeisabeamframeformedbycombiningverticalcolumnsandhorizontalbeams,sothattheupperloadofthebuildingistransmittedtothebasethroughthebeamframeandverticalcolumns.Fromthepracticalpointofview,ithasthecharacteristicsof"thehousewillnotcollapse"andcanmeetmanyvariedfunctionalrequirements.Itsoutstandingadvantagesarethatthestructureoccupiesasmallvolumeandtheinternalspaceofthebuildingisopenandwell-connected,whichisconvenientforthelayoutoftheinternalchamberforvariouspurposes.Moreover,thisstructurefreesupthewallthatdoesnotbearanyweight,butonlyactsasanenclosure,soitcanbeveryflexible.Itcannotonlyleaveroomforflexibilityinthesettingofdoorsandwindows,butalsolayafoundationfortheformationofvariousroofdesigns.ThewoodenframewasusedtotheextremeintheForbiddenCity.Theoutlineofthewoodenframebuildingiscomposedofthreeparts:stepfoundation,housebodyandroof.Thefollowingisastepfoundationmadeofbrickandstone,whichsupportsthewholebuilding.Standingontheterraceisthehousebody,madeofwoodenpillarsastheskeleton,withdoorsandwindowsinstalledbetweenthem.Theroofismadeofwoodenrooftruss.Theroofismadeintoasoftandelegantcurve.Allaroundthehouseareexteriorwalls,coveredwithsteelgraybrickorglazedtiles.Stoneisalmostthebuildingmaterialinancientwesternarchitecture,whichischaracterizedbygrandeurandstability,butstonealsogreatlylimitstheinteriorspaceofthebuilding.Inordertoliberatetheinteriorspaceofthebuilding,ancientGreececreatedthefamousclassicalorderandtheancientRomansdevelopedastablestonearchstructure,whichcanbeseeninthePalaceofVersailles.ItisanoutstandingrepresentativeoftheFrenchClassicalArchitecture.Rationalismthinksthatthemostimportantthinginartisthatitsimagestructureshouldbeasclearandlogicalasmathematics.Undertheinfluenceofthisphilosophy,theFrenchClassicalArchitectureTheoryholdsthatancientGreekandRomanbuildingscontainabsoluterulesbeyondthetimesandnationsthatrationalismpursues.ItmadeclassicalorderwidelyusedinVersailles.AncientGreececreatedthreefamousclassicalpillars-DoricOrderandCorinthianOrder.TheancientRomansevendevelopedalong-spanstablestonearchstructure,whichmadeclassicalarchitecturesuchasVersaillesPalaceuniform,orderly,balancedandsymmetrical.2.2DifferencesinBuildingStructureThefunctionofthematerialdeterminesthestructuralmethodandlogicofthebuilding.So,thedifferenceofbuildingmaterialsmustleadtodifferencesofbuildingstructure.Generallyspeaking,Chineseancientbuildingsaremainlymadeofwood,withbrick,tileandstoneasauxiliarymaterials.Fromthearchitecturalappearance,eachbuildinghasthreeparts:upper,middleandlower.Theupperpartistheroof,thelowerpartisthebase,andthemiddlepartisthepillar,doorandwindowandwall.Ontopofthepillarsandundertheeavesthereisalsoakindofstructurewhichismadeupofwood,anditiscalledbucketarch.ThisistheuniqueorientalarchitecturalstructurerepresentedbyChina.Itcansupporteaves,beamsandceilingsinhouses,andhasstrongdecorativeeffect.TheImperialPalacecontainsfourgates:theMeridianGateinthesouth,theShenwuGateinthenorth,theDonghuaGateintheeastaswellastheXihuaGateinthewest.Theentirebuildingisrectangular,covering720,000squaremeters,withmorethan70palacesand9,000houses.Itissurroundedbyacitywallwhichismorethan10metershigh,andamoatofmorethan50metersisoutsidethewall.Onthefourcornersofthecitywall,thereisasmallandexquisiteturret.TheImperialPalaceislargeinscale,magnificentinshapeandexquisiteinarchitecture,whichembodiesthefinetraditionanduniquestyleofancientChinesearchitecturalart.Thetraditionalwesternarchitecturedoesnotsticktothebeautyofstructure,butpursuesasculpture-likearchitecturalbeautyanddisplaysamagnificentsight.Theyhavestrictgeometry.ThePalaceofVersaillescoversanareaof1.11millionsquaremeters,ofwhichtheconstructionareais110,000squaremetersandthegardenareais1millionsquaremeters.Thepalacebuildingismajesticandhasatightandcoordinatedlayout.Theeast-westdirectionofthemainpalaceisconnectedwiththeNangongandBeiGongatbothends,formingasymmetricalgeometricpattern.Marblefiguresarelinedattheupperendoftheouterwallofthepalace,makingitbeautifulandlifelike.ThePalaceofVersaillesismagnificent.Itsinteriorfurnishingsanddecorationsarefullofartisticcharm.Morethan500hallswithextraordinaryluxuryareresplendentandmagnificent.Theinteriorisdecoratedwithcarvings,giantoilpaintingsandtapestries,andisequippedwith17and18century-stylefurniturewithsuperbworkmanship.Therearealsopreciousartworksfromallovertheworldinthepalace.Versailles,asamodelofEuropeanclassicalarchitecture,haslong-lastingvitalityandstrongformalbeauty.2.3DifferencesinBuildingSpaceLayoutThespacelayoutofthearchitectureisdifferent,reflectingthedifferencebetweenChineseandWesterninstitutionalcultureandpersonalitycharacteristics.AncientChinesearchitecturehasaconciseorganizationruleintheaspectoflayout.Itpaysattentiontosymmetricalandregulartrend.TraditionalChinesecourtyardhousesareatypicalexample.Atthesametime,thiscourtyardtypegroupandlayoutaredesignedalongthelongitudinalaxisandthetransverseaxisunderthepremiseofbalancedsymmetry.Themoreimportantbuildingsareplacedonthelongitudinalaxis,whilethesecondarybuildingsareplacedonthetransverseaxesontheleftandrightsides.Infact,traditionalChinesebuildings,bigorsmall,areusuallydesignedinthisway,followingtheconceptofetiquette,whichhasthebeautyofsymmetryandharmony.TheForbiddenCityisboundedbyGateofHeavenlyPurityandRoyalcourtinthesouth.Thebuildingismajesticandsolemn,andthespaceisspacious.Inthenorth,Royalcourtisthelivingareaforconcubines.Thebuildingisacombinationofmanycourtyards.Thelayoutiscompactandfullofbeauty.ThisfeatureoftheForbiddenCityreflectstheimportantfeatureofancientChinesearchitectureinlayout,thatis,thecourtyard-stylegrouplayout.ThecentralaxissymmetryandthelayoutofgeomancymodesattachedtotheForbiddenCityaretheinevitableresultofthelong-termrequirementsofritualsysteminancientChina.Overall,thelayoutoftheForbiddenCityisacourtyardfullofritualmeaning.ThedesignoftheForbiddenCitypaysattentiontostrictetiquetteandconnotationofthepalace,whichexpressesthethemeofthesupremacyofemperors.Westernarchitectureusuallyrevolvesaroundoneorseveralchurcheswiththenatureofpublicactivitycenters.Thestreetsarefreeandtortuous,andtheoutershapeofthecityisgenerallyirregular,withshopsalloverthecityandfacingthestreets.Therefore,itcanbesaidthatthelayoutofEuropeanbuildingsis"square".Frenchclassicismroseinthe17thcentury.Forpoliticalneeds,palacearchitecturebegantoplayaleadingroleinarchitecturalhistory.Inarchitecturalart,itsmainfeaturesareworshipoftheAncientRomanstyle,admirationofrationality,oppositiontoindividualityandexpressionofemotion.Itisbelievedthatarchitecturalbeautyliesinpuregeometricshapeandmathematicalproportion.Itplacesgreatemphasisontherelationshipbetweenthepartandthewhole,stressesstrictlayout,andeverythingshowsstrictlogic.ThePalaceofVersaillesconsistsoftrainingground,palaceandgarden.Ittakeseastandwestasitscentralaxis,andbuildingsandgardensaresymmetricalfromnorthtosouth.ThePalaceofGloryatVersaillesisagrand,solemnanddiversifiedbuilding.TheplanninganddesignofVersaillesPalacereflectsthespatialpatternofgridlayoutwithcentralfeelingandradioactivity,whichcanbesaidtobethematerializedreflectionofthecontrolandexpansionofWesternChristianityculture.ThePalaceofVersaillesdisplaysabsoluteorderandrationalbrilliancewiththehelpofelegantandclearclassicalformat.ThePalaceofVersaillesintheinternalfunctionofthelayoutanddivisionisveryclear,butthereisnostrongconceptofetiquetteandtheorderinorientation.2.4DifferencesinBuildingDecorationandColorThecolorofancientChinesearchitectureisveryrich.Somehavebrightcolorsandstrongcontrast,othershaveharmoniouscolorsandaresimpleandelegant.Buildingssuchaspalaces,templesandmonasteriesoftenusecontrastingandbrightcolors.GlazedtilesandcoloredpaintingsaretwoimportantaspectsinshowingthecharacteristicsofChineseancientarchitectureart.InChina's5,000-yearhistoryofculture,inkcolorisparticularlyimportantandhasaprofoundinfluenceonarchitecturaldecoration.Inaddition,inChina'shistoryofmorethan2,000yearsoffeudalheritage,thecolorofarchitecturaldecorationalsosymbolizesstatusandrights.Infeudalsociety,yellowwastheorthodoxcolor,andrepresentedthesupremeimperialpower.While"red"hasacertaindeterrent,itissolemnandserious,andisoftenusedtodecoratepalacewallswith,givingpeopleasenseofawe.Ofcourse,inmodernbuildings,thereisnosuchstrictrestrictiononcolors,sothecolorsusedindecorationarebecomingmoreandmorecolorfulandaddmoreflavor.Forexample,theinteriordecorationoftheForbiddenCityshowsmysteriouspowerandgivespeopleelegantandsupremeverve.TheinteriordecorationoftheForbiddenCityisstrictlylimitedbythe"ritualsystem".Thetoneofthepalacemuseumisveryconsistent.Thedecorationpatternistoreflectaculturalmentalityofsupremacyofimperialpower.Inthearchitecturalhistoryofwesternsociety,black,whiteandredarethethreemostwidelyusedcolors,whicharemorefreelyexpressedandfullyreflectpeople'spursuitoffreedomandappearmoreenthusiasticandunrestrained.Fromtheendofthe17thcenturytothebeginningofthe18thcentury,Frenchautocraticregimegraduallyfacedcrisis,thefailureofforeignwarsledtoeconomicbankruptcy,theFrenchcourthadalreadydeclinedinitsheyday.Thedecliningaristocracyturnedtoseekcomfort.Thestyleofenjoymentwasincreasinglyluxuriousandclosetoerosion.IftheappearanceofVersaillesgavepeopleasenseofgrandeur,itsinteriorfurnishingsanddecorationwereevenmoreartistic.Versailleswasfamousforitsluxuriousinteriordecoration,anditswallswerefullofmurals.Mostofthemaremythsandhistoricalstorieswithvividcolors.Thevaultisdominatedbylargeoilpaintings,aswellascarvingsandtapestries,whichareusuallythemedwithancientGreekandRomanmythology.Thegroundispavedwithmarbleofvariouscolors,smoothandtransparent,andcolorful,givingpeoplethefeelingofmagnificence,strangenessandextravagance.2.5DifferencesinBuildingSystemTheImperialPalaceembodiesthecharacteristicsoftheChinesepeople’spursuitofharmony,itisfulloflifeanditisverylightandlively.TheImperialPalacebuildingisbasicallyunfoldedinaflatspace.UnlikethePalaceofVersailles,thesinglebuildingisthebasicunittoincreasethevolumeofthebuildings.Instead,itextendsforwardandbackwardonthebasisofthecourtyard,sotheImperialPalaceisveryhuge.Thishorizontalstretchlayoutreflectsasequenceofspacebeauty,ahumanisticorderandethicalrules.ThePalaceofVersaillesislogicalandconceptual,strictlyinaccordancewiththeclassicaltreatmentofthreedivisions.Zhenggong,NangongandBeigongformsymmetricalgeometricfigures.Thegardenisgeometricaswell.ThePalaceofVersaillesisoneofthefamousworksintheFrenchclassicalarchitecture.TheconstructionofthePalaceofVersaillesisstrictlysymmetrical,highlightingthecentralaxis,andtheoverallcharacteristicsarealwaysbalanced,solemn,elegantandorderly.Therefore,oneoftheobviousdifferencesbetweenthearchitecturalartoftheImperialPalaceandthePalaceofVersaillesisthatforthePalaceofVersailles,itisjustlikeasculptureandyoucanenjoythedetailsofawork.ThearchitectureoftheImperialPalaceisverydifferent,andthearchitectureoftheImperialPalaceisaflowingprocess.TheappreciatormustalsowalkaroundthebuildingtotrulyappreciatethearchitecturalstyleoftheImperialPalace.Throughthemysteriouschannels,itcreatesasenseofshockandreverenceforthehumanheart,andmakespeoplefeelspiritualandrational.So,itcanberegardedasthearchitecturalspaceoftheImperialPalaceisflowingandhasaspaceoftime.3ReasonsfortheDifferencesThedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternarchitecturearemainlydeterminedbythedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterncultures.BecauseofDifferentculturesinChinaandtheWest,Ithascreateddifferentvaluesanddifferentstyles.Thesearereflectedinarchitecture.Chinesearchitecturalcultureemphasizesmoralityandart.Inaddition,theculturaltraditionsarealsoreflectedinthearchitecturalstyleandhasdifferentharmoniousbeauty.Westerncultureattachesimportancetoscienceandreligion,andvaluestheuniquespiritofdifferenterasorschools.Thedifferenceofculturaltraditionsisreflectedinthearchitecturalstyle,whichisthereasonforthedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternarchitecturalculture.3.1DifferentOriginsChinahasproducedcivilizationinaveryoldage,andarchitectureisnoexception.TheoldestbuildingsinChinacanbetraced