河北省唐山市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题 （含答案解析）

唐山市2023—2024学年度高二年级第一学期期末考试英语满分150分，考试时间120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatwillthemandotonight?A.Goforadinner.B.Attendaconcert.C.VisitLaurance.2.Whatisthewoman’ssuggestion?A.Totryanewjob.B.Tostopcomplaining.C.Toaskforabetterpay.3.Whereisprobablytheman?A.Inashoppingmall.B.Inahotel.C.Inhishouse.4.Howdoesthewomanfeelabouttheweather?A.Doubtful.B.Excited.C.Worried.5.Whatdothespeakersmainlytalkabout?A.Onlinereading.B.Informationcollecting.C.Timespending.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)请听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。6.WhydidthewomangotoParis?A.TofindajobB.Togovisitingplaces.C.Tomeetherfriend.7.Howdoesthewoman’stripsound?A.WonderfulB.LuckyC.Eventful.听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。8.Whydidthemanentertherace?A.Tohelpchildren.B.Tomakemoney.C.Tosatisfyhisclassmates.9.Howdidthemanmakeit?A.Bytryingtobeathisbest.B.Bykeepingconstantspeed.C.Byconqueringinnerstruggle.听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。10.Whatkindofmusicistheprojectabout?A.African.B.Australian.C.American.11.Whenwilltheprojecthavetobefinished?A.Bytheendoftheweek.B.Bytheendofthemonth.C.Bytheendoftheholidays.12.What’sthewoman’sattitudetochoosingdrums?A.Favorable.B.Critical.C.Puzzled.听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。13.Whatsurprisesthewomanmostaboutthesciencebook?A.Thecondition.B.Thenotes.C.Theprice.14.Howmuchwillthewomanpay?A.20dollars.B.21dollars.C.23dollars.15.Whydoesthewomanonlybuytwobooksatthemoment?A.Sheisshortofmoney.B.Shecanbuysomeonline.C.Sheisuncertainaboutfurtherchoices.16.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeaker?A.Classmates.B.Husbandandwife.C.Brotherandsister.听第10段独白,回答第17至20题。17.WhatisSamuelWilder’sbirthplacecalled?A.Poland.B.Austria.C.Germany.18.WhydidSamuelWildergotoAmerica?A.Tomeetproducers.B.Todirecthisfirstmovie.C.Toescapewar.19.WhatdidSamuelWildermainlydoinhislateyears?A.Hestartedhisindustry.B.Hewrotelovestories.C.Heproducedfunnymovies.20.WhatdoesthespeakermainlytalkaboutofSamuelWilder?A.Hismoviestyles.B.Hismoviecareer.C.Hismoviereviews.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共10小题;每小题2.5分,满分25分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。AWhenIwastenyearsold,Mumgotparalyzed(瘫痪).Beforethat,shewasalivelyandactivewomanwhoamazedmanywithherenergy.Iadmiredherforallthethingsshedid.However,everythingchangedwhensheturnedthirty-one.Istillhavevividimagesofherbeforeherparalysis.Shewouldplaypopularmusic,creatingacheerfulatmosphereforlivelygatherings.Shewouldjoyfullyrearrangethefurnituretomakeroomforfriendstoabandonthemselvestodance.Sheoftenspenthoursfillingthehousewithflowers,whichwepickedfreshfromthegardens.AfterMum’sparalysis,Ibegantotakecareofmy2-year-oldsister,MaryTherese.Innotimeatall,Ilearnedtobatheandfeedher.Formeitwasagiantstepbeyondplayingwithdolls.Onemomentstandsouteventoday:thetimeMaryTheresefellandskinnedherknee,burstintotearsandranpastmymother’soutstretchedarmsintomine.Toolate,InoticedslighthurtonMum’sface,butallshesaidwas,“It’snaturalthatsheshouldruntoyou,becauseyoutakesuchgoodcareofher.”WhenIwasgrownandenteredthefieldofcorrections,Mumbecameinterestedinworkingwithprisoners.Shetaughtwritingtothem.Oneday,sheaskedmetomailalettertooneprisoner,Waymon.Iaskedformymother’spermissiontoreaditfirst.Itread:whenyousaidthatIcouldn’timaginewhatitisliketobeinprison,IfeltlikeIhadtotellyouthatyouaremistaken.WhenIawokeonedaytofindthatIwascompletelyparalyzed,Ifelttrapped,overwhelmedbyasenseofbeingimprisonedinabodythatwouldnolongerallowmetodanceorcarrymychildinmyarms.Butthen,ImadeachoiceaboutwhetherIwouldsmilewhenIsawmydaughtersagainorIwouldweep.ImadeadecisiontoliveasfullyasIcould.BythetimeIfinishedMum’sletter,myvisionwascloudedbytears.Forthefirsttime,Isawmymotherinaclearerlight.1.HowcanwedescribeMumbeforeherparalysis?A.Creative. B.Ambitious. C.Adventurous. D.Enthusiastic.2.WhatdoMum’swordsaboutTherese’schoiceimply?A.MumhadasharpinsightB.MumwasemotionallygenerousC.MumwasworriedaboutherpositionD.Mumwasabsent-mindedatthemoment3.Whydidtheauthorcry?A.Sheregrettedforwhatshehaddone.B.Waymon’sexperiencewassaddening,C.ShewitnessedMum’scharactershiningthrough.D.Therewassomesecretbetweenherandhermother.【答案】1.D2.B3.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了妈妈瘫痪后的故事，作者被妈妈感动。【1题详解】推理判断题。由文章第一段“WhenIwastenyearsold,Mumgotparalyzed(瘫痪).Beforethat,shewasalivelyandactivewomanwhoamazedmanywithherenergy.Iadmiredherforallthethingsshedid.(我十岁的时候，妈妈瘫痪了。在此之前，她是一个活泼活跃的女人，她的精力让很多人惊叹。我钦佩她所做的一切。)”和第三段“Istillhavevividimagesofherbeforeherparalysis.Shewouldplaypopularmusic,creatingacheerfulatmosphereforlivelygatherings.Shewouldjoyfullyrearrangethefurnituretomakeroomforfriendstoabandonthemselvestodance.Sheoftenspenthoursfillingthehousewithflowers,whichwepickedfreshfromthegardens.(我仍然清晰地记得她瘫痪前的样子。她会演奏流行音乐，为热闹的聚会营造欢快的气氛。她会高兴地重新布置家具，腾出空间让朋友们尽情跳舞。她经常花好几个小时用我们从花园里摘来的鲜花装点房子。)”可知，作者认为妈妈瘫痪前是热情的、满腔热忱的人。故选D。【2题详解】推理判断题。由文章第四段中“Toolate,InoticedslighthurtonMum’sface,butallshesaidwas,“It’snaturalthatsheshouldruntoyou,becauseyoutakesuchgoodcareofher.”(太晚了，我注意到妈妈脸上有轻微的痛苦，但她只是说：“她应该跑向你是很自然的，因为你把她照顾得那么好。”)”可知，妈妈在情感上很慷慨。故选B。【3题详解】推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中“Itread:whenyousaidthatIcouldn’timaginewhatitisliketobeinprison,IfeltlikeIhadtotellyouthatyouaremistaken.WhenIawokeonedaytofindthatIwascompletelyparalyzed,Ifelttrapped,overwhelmedbyasenseofbeingimprisonedinabodythatwouldnolongerallowmetodanceorcarrymychildinmyarms.Butthen,ImadeachoiceaboutwhetherIwouldsmilewhenIsawmydaughtersagainorIwouldweep.ImadeadecisiontoliveasfullyasIcould.(信上写道：当你说我无法想象在监狱里是什么感觉时，我觉得我必须告诉你，你错了。当我有一天醒来发现自己完全瘫痪时，我感到被困住了，被一种被囚禁的感觉压倒了，我的身体不再允许我跳舞，也不允许我把孩子抱在怀里。但后来，我做了一个选择，当我再次见到我的女儿时，我是微笑还是哭泣。我决定尽我所能充实地生活。)”和最后一段“BythetimeIfinishedMum’sletter,myvisionwascloudedbytears.Forthefirsttime,Isawmymotherinaclearerlight.(当我读完妈妈的信时，泪水模糊了我的视线。这是我第一次以更清晰的眼光看待我的母亲。)”可知，作者哭了是因为她亲眼见证了妈妈的人格光辉，被妈妈感动。故选C。BTheUnitedNations’InternationalYearofSoilsishardlyamediafavorite.Maybeit’sbecausemanypeoplearelikeme,whorecallMom’swords:“Takeoffyourshoes!Don’tbringdirtintothehouse!“Withallthechallengesintheworldtoday,whywouldwerecognizesoils?Simplyput,soilsareliterallythebasethathumansstandon.Ignoringtheimportanceofthismeter-thickskincoveringourplanetislikeignoringtheimportanceoftheairwebreathe.Withouthealthysoils,wewouldnotbehere.Soilprovidesthestructureandnutrientsneededtogrowourfood.Itstoreswaterthatsatisfiesthethirstoftheenvironment,agricultureandhumans.Ithousesthelargestamountofcarbon(碳)onland,keepingtheclimatefromwarmingevenfaster.Itprovidesthenecessarysupportforthehabitatofalllifeonland-includingdiversityinthesoilitself(insomeregions,justahandfulofsoilcontainsmicroorganismsthataremorethanthepeopleonEarth).Inshort,soilplaysanessentialrolenotonlyinfeedinghumansbutinsupportingthelivingthingsthatproducetheoxygenwebreatheandpurifyingthewaterwedrink.Inotherwords,soilkeepsourplanethabitable.We,therefore,muststopconsidering”soil“adirtywordandrememberthatthefoodweeatandwaterwedrinkcanbetracedbacktoit.Businessesshouldadoptguidelinesthatensurethelongtermhealthandproductivityofsoil.Andlocalandnationalgovernmentsshouldprovidepoliciesthatencouragesoilprotection.Soilisoneofthemostimportantresourcesonourplanet,andwehaveignoredittoolong-atourownrisk.Themostimportantthingthatcanhappenisachangeinmind-setthatrecognizessoilisnotdirt.It’slifebeneathourfeet.4.WhydoestheauthormentionMom’swords?A.Tocriticizemedia.BTofindfaultwithparentsC.Toshowacommonattitude.D.TopromoteInternationalYearofSoils.5.Paragraph3ismainlyaboutthe_______________ofsoil.A.roles B.types C.health D.structure6.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.SoilBeinginDangerB.MakingtheMostofSoilC.UnearthingtheImportanceofSoilD.HealthySoilGrowingMoreFood【答案】4C5.A6.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们对土壤的误解，发掘土壤的重要性。【4题详解】推理判断题。由文章第一段“TheUnitedNations’InternationalYearofSoilsishardlyamediafavorite.Maybeit’sbecausemanypeoplearelikeme,whorecallMom’swords:“Takeoffyourshoes!Don’tbringdirtintothehouse!“Withallthechallengesintheworldtoday,whywouldwerecognizesoils?(媒体几乎不喜欢联合国的“国际土壤年”。也许是因为很多人都像我一样，想起妈妈的话：“脱鞋！”别把脏东西带进屋里！“面对当今世界面临的所有挑战，我们为什么要认识土壤？)”可知，作者提到妈妈的话是为了表现出人们普遍的态度。故选C。【5题详解】主旨大意题。由文章第三段“Withouthealthysoils,wewouldnotbehere.(没有健康的土壤，我们就不会在这里)”可知，第3段主要是关于土壤的作用。故选A。【6题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章最后一段“Soilisoneofthemostimportantresourcesonourplanet,andwehaveignoredittoolong-atourownrisk.Themostimportantthingthatcanhappenisachangeinmind-setthatrecognizessoilisnotdirt.It’slifebeneathourfeet.(土壤是地球上最重要的资源之一，我们忽视它太久了，后果自负。可能发生的最重要的事情是思维方式的改变，认识到土壤不是污垢。而是我们脚下的生活。)”可知，文章主要介绍了人们对土壤的误解，发掘土壤的重要性。故选C。CFlorawasplayingwithhernewdogStitch,whilewearingafavouritesecond-handsweater.Stitchjumpedupandgrabbedhersleeve-andtoreseveralholesinitwithhersharpteeth.Florawasn’tabouttothrowtheitemout.“Ican’tbringmyselftothrowawayniceclothingjustbecauseofahole,”sheexplains.Shedecidedtotackleanewskillrepairing.ShebeganbyreadingabookcalledMakeDoandRepair,abouttheinnovativewaystoavoidwaste.Insteadoftyingtomaketherepairassmallaspossible,sheturnedto“visiblefixing,”afashioninrepairingclothesthatleavesanintentionallyobviousfix.Sheaddedflowers,orothersmalldesignstodamagedclothes.“Everytimeyoudoarepair,it’slikegettinganewpieceofclothing,”saysFlora.Sadly,wehavebeeninthehabitofreplacingthingsinsteadofrepairingthem—andthegarbageispilingup.Worldwide,wethrowout92milliontonnesoffabriceveryyear.Thegoodnewsisthatfixingthingscanhelpsolvethewasteproblem.It’spartofalargershifttowardacirculareconomy-theideathatinsteadofthrowingoutitemsoncetheyarebrokenoroutofdate,wereuseorrepairthem,keepingthemoutofthewasteyardforaslongaspossible.Therewasatimewhenpeoplefixedthingsthemselvesorcalledtheirlocalrepairshop,Butasmoreitemswereproducedandpricesdropped,replacingevenabigappliancebecamemoreconvenient.That’schanging,inpartduetoinformationnowavailableonline.Thepopularhow-tositeiFixit.comhasenabledmorethan100millionrepairs.“Companieshavebeendesigningproductsthatbreakeasilyorbecomeoutdatedquickly,forcingconsumerstobuynewonesorpurchaseupgrades.We’renowseeingsomeproducersshowinterestinmakingitpossibleforuserstorepairthings.SomecompaniesaresellingofficialpartsandsharingtheirrepairguidesthroughiFixit.IFixithasgrownintoadatabasewithover100,000repairmanuals.Wehavethisvisionofaworldwhererepairistheexpectationforallthingsthataremade,”saysChamberlain,directorofiFixit.7.WhydidFlorareadabook?A.Forinnovation. B.Forrepairingskills.C.Forabetterlife. D.Fordog-raisinginformation.8.Whatmakestheauthorsad?A.People’shabit. B.Repairingquality.C.Fabricproduction. D.Worldwidegarbage.9.Whatisthepurposeof”circulareconomy“?A.Toremovelandfills. B.Toincreaseproduction.C.Tohelpexchangegoods. D.Torealizeresourcecycle.10.WhatcanbeinferredfromChamberlain?A.Heexpectsmorewiserusers.B.Hesupportspurchaseupgrades.C.HecreatestherepairingdatabaseofiFixit.D.Hehasadesireforcompaniesandconsumers.【答案】7.B8.A9.D10.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要以Flora的毛衣被她的狗狗咬坏，但是她并没有扔掉毛衣而是对毛衣进行了修补为例，介绍了我们已经养成了更换而不是修理的习惯，造成了垃圾的堆积。现在，“循环经济”理念的流行正在解决这个问题。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“

Shedecidedtotackleanewskillrepairing.ShebeganbyreadingabookcalledMakeDoandRepair,abouttheinnovativewaystoavoidwaste.(她决定学习一种新的修复技能。她开始读一本名为《将就与修复》的书，讲述避免浪费的创新方法)”可知，Flora读书的目的是为了学习修复技能，修补她的毛衣。故选B。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段的“Sadly,wehavebeeninthehabitofreplacingthingsinsteadofrepairingthem-andthegarbageispilingup.

(可悲的是，我们已经养成了更换而不是修理的习惯——垃圾正在堆积)”可知，人们养成的不好的习惯让作者感到可悲。故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段的“It’spartofalargershifttowardacirculareconomy-theideathatinsteadofthrowingoutitemsoncetheyarebrokenoroutofdate,wereuseorrepairthem,keepingthemoutofthewasteyardforaslongaspossible.(这是向循环经济更大转变的一部分，循环经济的理念是，我们不再在物品破损或过时后扔掉它们，而是重新使用或修复它们，尽可能长时间地让它们远离垃圾场)”可知，循环经济是为了实现资源的循环利用。故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段““Companieshavebeendesigningproductsthatbreakeasilyorbecomeoutdatedquickly,forcingconsumerstobuynewonesorpurchaseupgrades.We’renowseeingsomeproducersshowinterestinmakingitpossibleforuserstorepairthings.SomecompaniesaresellingofficialpartsandsharingtheirrepairguidesthroughiFixit.IFixithasgrownintoadatabasewithover100,000repairmanuals.Wehavethisvisionofaworldwhererepairistheexpectationforallthingsthataremade,”saysChamberlain,directorofiFixit.(“公司一直在设计容易损坏或很快过时的产品，迫使消费者购买新产品或购买升级产品。我们现在看到一些生产商对让用户能够维修产品表现出兴趣。一些公司正在通过iFixit销售官方零件并分享其维修指南。iFixit已发展成为一个拥有超过10万份维修手册的数据库。iFixit董事 Chamberlain表示：“我们有这样一个愿景，在这个世界上，所有制造的东西都需要修复。”)”可知，他希望公司制作的产品能够被修复，消费者也能积极的去修复使用这些东西，而不是去购买。由此可推知，Chamberlain对公司和消费者有一种渴望。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题3分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Awell-preparedroutineallowsastudenttobeontime,andgrowordevelopsomelifeskillsandhealthyhabits.Atanearlystage,asastudent,itisveryimportanttoadoptsomegoodhabits.Educatingastudentisnotonlyaboutacademicsbutalsoaboutdevelopinggoodhabitsforbetterlife._____11_____Aroutinedailylifecangrowachild’sconfidence.Aroutineprovidesasenseofpredictabilityandsecurityforstudents._____12_____Inthissecuresetting,studentsaremorelikelytofeelconfidentinapproachingtheirdailytasksandchallenges._____13_____!Maintainingawell-structuredroutineislikecreatingaroadmapforconcentrationandproductivity.Whenstudentssetasidespecifictimesfortheirstudies,theygetbetterattheirtaskswithoutgettingdistracted.Asstudentssystematicallymanagetheirdailytaskswithintheframeworkoftheirroutine,theycangraduallydevelopagrowingawarenessoftheirresponsibilities.Suchsenseofresponsibilityextendsbeyondtheacademicfieldandspillsoverintotheirpersonallives._____14_____Theywillbemoreresponsible.Whileroutinesprovidestructure,theyalsoteachstudentshowtoadapt._____15_____Whenstudentsencounterchanges,theylearntoadjusttheirexpectationsandplans.Theabilitytoadapttochangingcircumstancesisalsoessentialforsuccess.A.Aroutinehelpsstudentsfocus.B.Studentshatemeetingchanges.C.Confidenceisabasicrequirement.D.Routinescanincludeelementsofflexibility.E.Knowingwhattoexpecthelpsreduceuncertainty.F.Ahealthyroutinelaysthegroundforabrightfuture.G.Theywitnessthepositiveoutcomesofmeetingtheircommitments.【答案】11.F12.E13.A14.G15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了良好的生活惯例可以让学生们养成一些生活技能和健康的生活习惯。【11题详解】上文“Educatingastudentisnotonlyaboutacademicsbutalsoaboutdevelopinggoodhabitsforbetterlife.(教育一个学生不仅要学习，还要养成更好的生活习惯)”说明要让学生养成更好的生活习惯。空处和前文构成因果关系，说明健康的生活惯例带来的结果。F项“健康的生活惯例为美好的未来奠定了基础。”符合语境。故选F。【12题详解】上文“Aroutineprovidesasenseofpredictabilityandsecurityforstudents.

(生活惯例为学生提供了一种可预测性和安全感)”说明良好的生活惯例可让学生预测将要发生什么，并给学生安全感。空处承上启下，E项中的“Knowingwhattoexpect”和前文中的“asenseofpredictability”相呼应，“helpsreduceuncertainty”和下文中的“Inthissecuresetting”相呼应，说明了解预期要发生的事情有助于减少不确定性，这样就会增加学生的安全感。所以E项“了解预期要发生的事情有助于减少不确定性”符合语境。故选E。13题详解】下文“Maintainingawell-structuredroutineislikecreatingaroadmapforconcentrationandproductivity.

(维持一个结构良好的日常生活惯例就像是制定一个集中注意力和提高生产力的路线图)”说明本段主要讲述良好的日常惯例能够帮助学生保持好的专注力，提高效率。A项“日常生活习惯有助于学生集中注意力。”适合作本段的主旨句，统领全段。故选A。【14题详解】上文“Asstudentssystematicallymanagetheirdailytaskswithintheframeworkoftheirroutine,theycangraduallydevelopagrowingawarenessoftheirresponsibilities.Suchsenseofresponsibilityextendsbeyondtheacademicfieldandspillsoverintotheirpersonallives.

(随着学生在日常生活的框架内系统地管理他们的日常任务，他们可以逐渐培养对自己责任的日益认识。这种责任感超越了学术领域，渗透到了他们的个人生活中)”说明学生们通过良好的生活惯例可以培养对自己责任的认识。空处顺接前文，说明责任感渗透到学生们的生活中后，他们就会发现履行承诺的积极成果，变得越来越有责任感。G项中的they指代前文中的students，说明G项“他们见证了履行承诺的积极成果。”符合语境。故选G。【15题详解】上文“Whileroutinesprovidestructure,theyalsoteachstudentshowtoadapt.

(日常惯例提供结构的同时，也教会学生如何适应)”说明日常惯例教会学生们如何适应变化。空处承上启下，D项中的“elementsofflexibility”和上文的“teachstudentshowtoadapt”相呼应，也和下文中的“theylearntoadjusttheirexpectationsandplans”相呼应。说明日常惯例可以包括灵活性元素，让人们在改变中学会去适应。所以D项“日常习惯可以包括灵活性元素”符合语境。故选D。第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。CessnaplanesflewmeandmyclimbingteamontotheKahiltnaGlacier,thebasecampofMt.McKinley.Whenweworkedto___16___acampoutofthethicksnowandiceoftheglacier,weheardoneofSpanishclimbershaddiedwhileclimbing.Sam,oneofmypartners,___17___,andworriedthatthisdisastermightbeabad___18___.Heaskedwhetherwewereputtingour___19___atunnecessaryriskbyattemptingthis.Ithoughtbacktomytrainingmorethanayearagointhe___20___,byrunningwithmyguidedogbecauseIamblind.OnedayIhad___21___acactus(仙人掌),landingonmyhand.Oneofmyfriendsaskedme,“Ifyoufelldowninthedesert,howdoyou___22___toclimbthatbigmountain?”Ididn’tyethavean___23___,butIknewwithinayear,Iwouldhaveto!Forthenextyear,wetrainedhard.NowIsaid___24___,“Sam,we’vecomealongwayinayear.We’vemademistakes,we’velearnedfromthem.We’vesolvedproblems___25___preparedforallthethingsthatcouldgo___26___onthemountain.”Now,Ihadenough___27___.Webegantotakeeachstepslowlyandcarefully,knowingthatthemountainwouldnotallowany___28___movement.Riskislikethenext___29___onarockface:youreachforitexpectingthatit’s___30___,butreadytofindthenextholdifit’snot!Ittook15daysforustogettothetopofNorthAmerica.16.A.carve B.transform C.rent D.move17.A.escaped B.concentrated C.hesitated. D.lectured18.A.impression B.result C.credit D.sign19.A.hope B.equipment C.lives D.chances20.A.village B.desert C.forest D.lake21.A.sidedwith B.brokendown C.takenout D.trippedover22.A.expect B.register C.prefer D.aid23.A.appetite B.excuse C.answer D.apology24.A.joyfully B.firmly C.sadly D.frankly25.A.but B.because C.or D.so26.A.silent B.public C.missing D.wrong27.A.time B.faith C.patience D.money28.A.slight B.different C.careless D.individual29.A.centre B.step C.rope D.hold30.A.there B.here C.nowhere D.somewhere【答案】16.A17.C18.D19.C20.B21.D22.A23.C24.B25.A26.D27.B28.C29.D30.A【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和队友去攀爬但是听说一名西班牙登山者在攀登时死亡，有的伙伴动摇了。接下来作者和队友艰苦训练，如今已经准备好攀爬。【16题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们在冰川厚厚的冰雪中开辟营地时，我们听说一名西班牙登山者在攀登时死亡。A.carve雕刻；开辟；B.transform转换；C.rent租用；D.move移动。由下文“acampoutofthethicksnowandiceoftheglacier”可知，在冰雪中开辟营地，故选A。【17题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的合伙人之一萨姆犹豫了，担心这场灾难可能是一个坏兆头。A.escaped逃脱；B.concentrated集中于；C.hesitated犹豫；D.lectured训斥。由下文“worriedthat”可知，萨姆有所担心，所以犹豫不决，故选C。【18题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的合伙人之一萨姆犹豫了，担心这场灾难可能是一个坏兆头。A.impression印象；B.result结果；C.credit学分；D.sign迹象。由上文“worriedthatthisdisastermightbea”可知，萨姆担心这场灾难可能是一个坏兆头，故选D。【19题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他问我们这样做是否会让我们的生命面临不必要的风险。A.hope希望；B.equipment设备；C.lives生命；D.chances机会。由上文“weheardoneofSpanishclimbershaddiedwhileclimbing.”可知，一名西班牙登山者在攀登时死亡，所以萨姆认为这样会让他们的生命面临不必要的风险，故选C。【20题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我回想起一年多前在沙漠里训练的情景，因为我是盲人，所以带着导盲犬跑步。A.village村庄；B.desert沙漠；C.forest森林；D.lake湖泊。由下文“cactus(仙人掌)”和常识可知，一般沙漠里有仙人掌，所以他们在沙漠里训练，下文“Ifyoufelldowninthedesert,”也是提示，故选B。【21题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：有一天，我被一棵仙人掌绊倒。A.sidedwith站在……一边；B.brokendown出故障；C.takenout拿出；D.trippedover绊倒。由下文“landingonmyhand.”可知，被仙人掌绊倒，故选D。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的一个朋友问我：“如果你在沙漠里摔倒了，你怎么指望爬上那座大山呢？”A.expect期望；B.register注册；C.prefer更喜欢；D.aid帮助。由上文“Ifyoufelldowninthedesert,howdoyou”可知，如果在沙漠里摔倒了，又怎么能指望爬上那座大山，故选A。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我还没有答案，但我知道一年之内，我必须得到答案！A.appetite胃口；B.excuse借口；C.answer答案；D.apology道歉。此处是指对上文“Ifyoufelldowninthedesert,howdoyou_______toclimbthatbigmountain?”这一问题没有答案，故选C。【24题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：现在我坚定地说：“萨姆，一年来我们取得了很大的进步。”A.joyfully高兴地；B.firmly稳定地；C.sadly伤心地；D.frankly真诚地。由上文“Forthenextyear,wetrainedhard.”可知，作者和队友经过了多年的训练，所以作者坚定地说他们已经取得了很多进步，故选B。【25题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：我们已经解决了问题，但也为山上可能出现的所有问题做好了准备。A.but但是；B.because因为；C.or否则；D.so因此。上文“We’vesolvedproblems”和下文“preparedforallthethingsthatcouldgo_______onthemountain.””是转折关系，应用but，故选A。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们已经解决了问题，但也为山上可能出现的所有问题做好了准备。A.silent沉默的；B.public公共的；C.missing丢失的；D.wrong错误的，不对劲的。由上文“preparedforallthethingsthatcouldgo”可知，作者已经为可能出现的问题做好了准备，故选D。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，我有了足够的信心。A.time时间；B.faith信仰，信心；C.patience耐心；D.money金钱。由上文“Sam,we’vecomealongwayinayear.We’vemademistakes,we’velearnedfromthem.”可知，作者已经有足够的信心去攀爬，故选B。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们开始缓慢而小心地迈出每一步，知道山上不允许有任何粗心的举动。A.slight稍微的；B.different不同的；C.careless粗心的；D.individual个人的。由上文“Webegantotakeeachstepslowlyandcarefully,knowingthatthemountainwouldnotallowany”可知，作者他们开始缓慢而小心地迈出每一步，不允许有任何粗心举动，故选C。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：风险就像岩石表面的下一个支撑点：你伸手去抓它，期望它在那里，但如果它不在那里，你就准备好寻找下一个支撑点！A.centre中心；B.step步伐；C.rope绳子；D.hold支撑点。由下文“youreachforit”可知，在攀爬时，应该是想抓住岩石下面的支撑点，由此可知，此处指风险就像岩石表面的下一个支撑点，故选D。【30题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：风险就像岩石表面的下一个支撑点：你伸手去抓它，期望它在那里，但如果它不在那里，你就准备好寻找下一个支撑点！A.there里；B.here这里；C.nowhere没有地方；D.somewhere某个地方。由上文“youreachforitexpectingthatit’s”可在，你伸手去抓支撑点，是因为你期望它在那里，故选A。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Healthyeatingissomething____31____everyoneknowstheyshoulddo,butfewofusdoitas____32____(regular)aswewouldlike.Thepurposeofthisguideis____33____(share)practicalstrategiesonhowtoeathealthy.Ifyouwanttobehealthy,youhavetocutdownondessertsandsweetdrinks,becausesugarismoreakiller____34____fattyfood.Beyondthis,youcankeephealthybyconsumingdifferentcategoriesoffreshfoods,especiallyfruitandvegetables,which____35____(be)fullofvitaminsandfibre,ratherthan____36____(process)foods.Inaddition,itisalsoimportanttoincludesomemeat,beans,ordairyproductsinyourdiet,astheyprovidenecessaryproteinforstrong____37____(bone)andmusclegrowth.Aswitheverythinginlife,moderationiscrucial.Theidealdietisabalancedone,withouttoomuch____38____toolittleofanyonething.Finally,afundamentalkeytohealthyeatingistoeatslowly,____39____(allow)yourbodytodigestyourfoodbetter.Healthyeatingstartswithhavingahealthyattitudetowardsfood.Itisuptoyoutodecide____40____youwanttolive,andtomakerightdecisionsaboutyourdiet.【答案】31.that32.regularly33.toshare34.than35.are36.processed37.bones38.or39.allowing40.how【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了健康饮食的一些实用策略。【31题详解】考查定语从句。句意：健康饮食是每个人都知道自己应该做的事情，但我们中很少有人能像我们希望的那样经常这样做。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词something。先行词为不定代词，在定语从句中作宾语，所以只能用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。【32题详解】考查副词。句意：健康饮食是每个人都知道自己应该做的事情，但我们中很少有人能像我们希望的那样经常这样做。空处需要副词修饰动词do。故填regularly。【33题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：本指南旨在分享如何健康饮食的实用策略。分析句子结构可知，空处需要动词不定式作表语，解释主语的具体内容。故填toshare。【34题详解】考查介词。句意：如果你想保持健康，你必须减少甜点和甜饮料，因为糖比高脂肪食物更致命。根据空前more可知，此处需要介词than“比”，构成“形容词的比较级+than”的结构。故填than。【35题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：除此之外，你还可以通过食用不同种类的新鲜食品来保持健康，尤其是富含维生素和纤维的水果和蔬菜，而不是加工食品。分析句子结构可知，which引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词fruitandvegetables，在定语从句中作主语。定语从句为主系表结构，本句话描述一般事实，所以用一般现在时态。主语为复数，所以be动词用are。故填are。【36题详解】考查形容词。句意：除此之外，你还可以通过食用不同种类的新鲜食品来保持健康，尤其是富含维生素和纤维的水果和蔬菜，而不是加工食品。分析句子结构可知，空处需要形容词作定语修饰后面的名词。process为名词或动词，其形容词形式为processed“经过加工的”。故填processed。【37题详解】考查可数名词的复数。句意：此外，在饮食中加入一些肉类、豆类或乳制品也很重要，因为它们为强健骨骼和肌肉生长提供了必要的蛋白质。bone为可数名词“骨骼”，此处需要该名词的复数形式表示泛指。故填bones。【38题详解】考查连词。句意：理想的饮食是均衡的，没有太多或太少的某种东西。空处需要并列连词连接空前的toomuch和toolittle。根据句意可知，理想饮食是均衡的，没有太多或太少某种东西。所以空处需要选择性并列连词or“或者”。故填or。【39题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：最后，健康饮食的一个基本关键是慢慢吃，让你的身体更好地消化你的食物。分析句子结构可知，空处需要非谓语动词作结果状语。根据句意可知，此处指意料之中的结果，所以用现在分词作结果状语。故填allowing。【40题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这取决于你决定你想要如何生活，并对你的饮食做出正确的决定。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，在宾语从句中作方式状语，表示“如何”。所以用how引导的宾语从句。故填how。第四部分语言知识(共两节,满分20分)第一节(共10小题,每小题1分,满分10分)从词汇框中选择合适的单词完成句子。initialvictimsbarrierblameconsistentbotherliquiddenyfreezeestimatebordergrasp41.Shechosenotto_________othersfortheresultbuttoseekasolution.42.Shefailedherdrivingtestonthe_________try,butpassedthenexttime.43.Despitetheoverwhelmingevidencepresented,hecontinuedto_________anyinvolvementintheincident.44.Herviewsandactionsare_________,showingarealmatchbetweenherbeliefsandbehavior.45.Wrapuporyou’ll_________todeath-seriously,it’sextremelycoldoutthere!46.Thisbridgecrossesthe_________betweenthetwoneighboringcountries,promotinginternationalcooperation.47.Lookathowthe_________ofsmokingaresuffering.Stopsmoking!48.Fatsaresolidatroomtemperature,andoilis_________atroomtemperature.49Idon’tcareifhedoesn’tcome-itdoesn’t_________me.50.Ifyoudon’taccurately_________thecostoftheproject,allyourhardworkwillbefruitless.【答案】41.blame42.initial43.deny44.consistent45.freeze46.border47.victims48.liquid49.bother50.