IXIA测试仪使用手册-IxLoad

IXIA测试仪使用培训

－IxLoad3.20

GTS邱俊峰200452024/3/11ContentsIxLoad根本知识简介根本测试配置和运行过程如何定义和生成测试报告测试过程中数据包实时捕获IxLoad业务测试配置HTTPandFTPSSLTelnetandDNSVideoQuickStackTraceFileReplayMail(POP3/SMTP)VoIPDDoSTclAPIIxLoad简介IXLoadIxLoad简介IxLoad用于测试TriplePlay网络和设备的性能〔更多的是业务性能〕，是一个大容量、集成的测试解决方案。IxLoad通过仿真IPTV和TriplePlay用户以及相关协议来确保用户的QoE〔QualityofExperience〕。IxLoad支持多种协议：在Video方面有MPEG、IGMP和RTSP等；在语音方面有SIP和MGCP等；在数据协议方面有HTTP、FTP和SMTP等。另外IxLOAD还可以用于测试一些根底架构方面的问题，例如DNS、DHCP、AAA效劳器的性能。IxLOAD也可以用于模仿恶意流量来测试网络或者设备的平安性。Page4IxLoad根本应用关键特性：TriplePlaytestinginoneapplication,includingdata(HTTP,FTP,SMTPetc),video(IGMP,MPEG,RTSP)andvoice(SIP,MGCP)Extensivestatisticsandreportswithcustomizablereal-timereportsandrawdataforcustomanalysisFunctionaldepthandflexibilitywithfeatureslikebuilt-inimpairment,customizableserverresponsesandcompletecontroloverTCPparametersExtensible,multi-purposehardwareplatformwithabilitytoemulateclientsandserversfromasinglechassisaswellastheabilitytoaddtestportsasneeded支持的功能：Protocols:HTTP,FTP,SSL,SMTP,POP3,IMAP,Telnet,DNS,DHCP,LDAP,RTP,RTSP,IGMP,MPEG2,SIPandMGCPHTTP–cookies,configurableserverresponses,user-definedpages,headersFTP–activeandpassivewithrealfilesMail–Mailswithattachments,regularexpressionstocreatelargevolumeStreaming–RTSPoverTCPandUDP,audio/videostreams,variousmediaplayersVideo–BroadcastvideowithIGMPchannelchanging;VideoonDemandwithRTSPcontrolVoice–SIP/MGCPcaller/calleeconfiguration,RTPmediaMultipleprotocolsper-port,multiplenetworksper-port,VLANs,TCPMSSUser-definedtestobjectivesautomaticallytrackedTCLAPIforautomationPage5IxLoad系统组成Chassis2,4,16slotsPCrunningwindowsCanberemotelymanagedLoadmodulesUpto8portsofEthernet10/100/1000GenerateL4-7trafficEachportrunsLinuxClientPCRunstheIxLoadGUIWindows2000orXPPage6ResultsReportingReal-timechartsPDFReportsHTMLReportsCSVfilesIxLoad测试结构TestInstructionsL7ProtocolsTestResultsClientsServershttpSSLFTPSMTPPOP3RTP/RTSPTELNETDNSSIPVODConsolePage7IxLoad拓扑Page8IxLoad–GUI界面StatusErrors/WarningsTreewithtestfunctionsMainwindow–configurationforeachfunctionPage9IxLoad3.20网络设置高级属性AssignIPaddressesusingDHCPw/Option82RunstatefultrafficonPPPoEorIPSectunnelsQ-in-Qand802.1psupportonIPandtunnelinterfacesPage10IxLoad3.20自定义网络和流量的对应关系ActivitytoNetworkRangeMappingGranularmappingofProtocolstorunon

NetworkrangesAllowsextensivecustomizationofdifferent

protocolstorunonspecificnetworkranges

withinanetworkrangeCustomMeshingPairClientsandServersdestinationsincludingIP-IPpairingPage11IxLoad3.20报文捕获和分析Real-timepacketcaptureandanalysiswithladderdiagramsPage12以HTTP为例设置和运行一个IxLoadTestIXLoad新建一个测试Networks:定义IP地址,DNS,VLANs,TCP和ImpairmentDUT:定义设备被测设备接口地址,效劳器或VIP等Traffic:定义L7流量类型和相关的L7参数Test:定义测试目标,分配端口TestInstructionsL7ProtocolsTestResultsClientsServershttpSSLFTPSMTPPOP3RTP/RTSPTELNETDNSSIPVODConsolePage14定义网络参数〔续〕定义仿真的主机数量和地址定义VLAN参数测试端口可以仿真路由器，这时主机地址可以配置成和DUT不同的网段Page15定义ServerTraffic此处可以定义一个或多个L7协议配置选定协议的相关属性Page16定义ServerTraffic–HTTP指定效劳端响应页面页面名称、相应类型、payload类型和大小，以及cookie响应类型可以是：200_OK、404_PageNotFound或自定义Cookie可选择LoginCookie、UserCookie或自定义Page17定义ServerTraffic–AdvancedStatviewer窗口显示的URL统计信息的数量选择Server关闭连接的方式Page18定义ClientTraffic此处可定义一个或多个L7协议配置选定协议的相关属性Page19定义ClientTraffic(续)协议版本每用户的并发连接数〔这个设置关系到User数和并发连接数〕HTTP协议的其他参数这个设置关系到每个Connection的保持时间Page20定义ClientTraffic-HTTP指定commandlist指定页面对象〔建议测试并发连接或新建速率时用小文件；测试吞吐量时用大文件〕Page21定义ClientTraffic–HTTPAdvancedAdvanced选项有：Cookie属性、IP版本、可统计的URL、最大头长度、TCP连接撤除方式、ESM和TOS设置Page22创立一个Test新建一个TestPage23Test目标值和Traffic与Networks映射显示Server和Client总共所需的端口数量选择测试目标类型测试过程中可以实时调整ValuePage24TimelinesRampUpTime:(Read-only)IndicatestheamountoftimethatthetestwillspendbringingusersonlineandinitiatingtheirfirstTCPconnections.SustainTime:Amountoftimewhenallusersareupandperformingthecentraltestobjectives,suchasretrievingorservingpages(HTTP),orsendingorreceivingfiles(FTP).RampDownTime:AmountoftimeusedforclosinganyTCPconnectionsthatarestillopenafteralltransactionsarecomplete.RampDownTimeappliesonlytoclientactivities.Page25指配测试端口可用的测试端口Traffic/Networks映射和已经分配的端口Networks需要的端口数Page26运行TestPage27测试报告IXLoad生成测试报告可以生成当前完成的Test的报告可以调用过去完成的Test文件生成报告Page29自定义测试报告模板全局参数：可修改封面图片、Logo图片、报告作者等Page30自定义测试报告模板管理报告：可以定义报告中的详细页面Page31PDF报告最终生成的测试报告中显示了自定义的各种信息Page32测试过程的报文捕获IXLoadCapture设置Capture必须在没有测试配置没有加载之前才能操作Page34Capture设置Capture内容显示方式CaptureBuffer大小Capture运行模式Page35Capture设置设置是否使用过滤器Page36测试过程中的捕获内容Page37ContentsIxLoad根本知识简介根本测试配置和运行过程如何定义和生成测试报告测试过程中数据包实时捕获IxLoad业务测试配置HTTPandFTPSSLTelnetandDNSVideoQuickStackTraceFileReplayMail(POP3/SMTP)VoIPDDoSTclAPIHTTPandFTPIXLoadHTTPandFTPTechnologyOverview–HTTP

SupportforHTTP1.0/1.1,cookiesandcustomserverresponsesSupportforform-basedauthenticationwithPOSTcommandServer-sideConfigurablerequestTimeouts(lengthoftimetheserverwaitsonanestablishedTCPconnectionforaClientrequestbeforeclosingtheconnection)ClientcansendanAbortcommandBeforeorAfteranHTTPcommandCommandlist:Page40TechnologyOverview-FTPPassiveorActiveFTPclientsupportFTPuserloginsCommand-list:Compositecommands{Get}LOGIN,RETRIEVE,QUIT{Put}LOGIN,STORE,QUIT{Think}Wait(seconds)HTTPandFTPPage41TechnologyResourcesHTTP/1.0RFC-1945HTTP/1.1RFC-2616SomemoreinformationonHTTP:FTPRFC-959SomemoreinformationonFTP:://HTTPandFTPPage42ClientandServernetworksetupIPandMACaddressallocationTCPportusageallocationEmulatedRouterconceptClientandServerTrafficsetupProtocolsoptionsandCommand-listviewmodesDeviceUnderTestSLBGatewayDevicesTestSetupClient/servernetworkandClient/servertrafficsmappingTestportsrequiredandTestOptionsHTTPandFTPPage43ReportsDetailedReportsReportsGenerationDebuggingToolsDebug-levellogging–forproductsupportHTTPandFTPPage44SomenotesaboutrunningTestsATraffic(withoneormoreActivities)canbeappliedto1ormoreNetworks(withseparateObjectives*)E.g.T1N1andN2ispossibleMultipleTrafficscannotbeappliedtoasingleNetwork(awarningispresented)E.g.N1T1andT2isnotpossibleIfaTrafficcontains2ormoreprotocols,onlySimulatedUserscanbeusedasthetestObjectiveE.g.T1containsHTTPandFTPHTTPandFTPPage45LabSetupClientnetwork–100usersServernetwork–1HTTP/networkand1FTP/networkClienttraffic–1trafficwithHTTPand1withFTPHTTP–1.1,3concurrentconnections,maxtransactionsCommandlistFTP–Passive,defaultusernameandpassword.CommandlistServertraffic–1trafficwithHTTPand1withFTPHTTPandFTPPage46RunTestSetyourObjectivesasdesired,e.g:EnableDetailedReportsandGenerateReportsHTTPandFTPPage47SSL测试IXLoadServerTrafic－SSL测试参数SSL端口号Cipher列表SSL测试配置包含在HTTP协议类型中已选择的CipherPage49ServerTrafic－SSL测试参数配置证书Page50ClientTraffic－SSL设置SSL版本号Cipher列表已选择的CipherSSL测试配置包含在HTTP协议类型中Page51SSL命令列表选择了SSL后，在CommandList下拉列表中可以看到SSL选项Page52TelnetandDNSIXLoadTelnetandDNSTechnologyOverview–TelnetOptionsnegotiationsuchasLineMode,EchoandSuppressGoAheadandCommandpromptcharacterselection

Note:Telnetisanexclusiveprotocol–willnotrunwithotherprotocolsinthesameTrafficCommand-list:

Page54TelnetandDNSTechnologyOverview–DNSPerformDNSqueries(UDPorTCP)withrecursionon/off,orExpect(reply)option,includingqueryretries.SelectResponseTimeoutfromtheDNSserverCommand-list:Createnewzones(defaultislocalhost andixiacom)andnewrecords includingA,CNAME,MX,PTRandNS

Page55TechnologyResourcesTelnetRFC-855

DNSRFC-1035

Somemoreinformation:://

TelnetandDNSPage56TelnetandDNSLabSetupClientnetwork–100usersClienttraffic–1trafficwithTelnetand1withDNSTelnetcommand-list–typicalTelnetsessionasfollows:Open,Login,Password,Send(ls),ExitDNS–Request3recordsbelowincludingonethatdoesnotexist.

Page57TelnetandDNSLabSetup(continued)Servernetwork–1Telnet/networkand1DNS/networkServertraffic–1trafficwithTelnetand1withDNSTelnetServer–defaultsettingsasbelow:DNSServer–Onezone(ixiacom–included)Note:Telnetisanexclusiveprotocol–willnotrunwithotherprotocolsonaPort Page58TelnetandDNSRunTestSetyourObjectivesasdesired,e.g:Note:forTelnet,theTrafficMapisnotselectableEnableDetailedReportsandGenerateReportsPage59IxLoadVideoIXLoadIxLoadVideo仿真仿真BTV和VoD用户仿真IPTVVideoServer支持IPV4的IGMPv1，IGMPv2和IGMPv3支持IPV6的MLDv1和MLDv2Video编解码器MPEG2,MPEG4,H.264andothersoverMPEG2-TSMPEG4,H.264andWindowsMedia9Supportforsingle-programandmulti-programtransportstreamsPage61VideoServer频道列表Server端可以配置多条视频流Page62VideoServerPayloadsIfarealfileisbeingused–itcanbelooped(theapplicationmanipulatesthePCR,PTSandDTS)应用程序可以已一个固定速率〔CBR〕回放视频文件，这个速率可以不同于这个视频文件的编码速率。Payload支持MPEG2SPTS(Singleprogramtransportstream)Page63VideoClient选项Page64VideoClient－组播选项设置IP版本、组播版本和组播参数等Page65VideoClient－命令列表设置命令Page66VideoClient频道列表AllMulticastgroupsusedinthecommandlistareassignedalogicalnameandthisnamecanbeusedtoviewtheperstreamstatisticsintheStatVieweravailableinIxLoadPage67VideoTest主要统计：组播频道、RTSP、Jitter、时延、MDI等结果图形Page68QuickStackIXLoadQuickStackTechnologyOverview–QuickStackQuickstackisanIxiaoptimizedTCPcompliantandHTTPstacktoaddressthedemandsofhighcapacityandperformance.QuickTCPandQuickHTTPcangenerateuptoonemillion(1,000,000)concurrentconnectionsQuickTCPSupportsTCPConnectcommandUsedforTCPbenchmarkingAlltestObjectivessupportedQuickHTTPSupportsHTTPGetcommandandThinktimeSupportsConcurrentConnections,Connections/secandSimulatedUserstestObjectives Page70TraceFileReplayIXLoadTraceFileReplayIxLoadTraceFileReplay功能用于回放捕获的数据包流量用于测试或调试设备对特定序列的数据包的处理情况评测转发特定数据包流的新设备或协议可以使用任意程序捕获数据包创立pcap格式的文件.可以对捕获流定义过滤器只回放匹配内容的数据包.Page72TraceFileReplay结构IxLoad包含client和server两种TraceFileReplay代理.基于trace文件,这些代理创立IPv4的单播TCP或UDP连接，并且在每个连接上尽可能的维持数据包的序列不变。Page73TraceFileReplay使用说明TraceFileReplay需要端到端的运行，一个client不能连接多个server，server也不能连接多个client。每对client和server作为一个仿真用户来复制一个完整流的过程。TraceFileReplay只支持SimulatedUsers一种ObjectiveType。如果设置ObjectiveValue大于1，client和server间将复制多个流传输过程。例如，设置ObjectiveValue为10，将有10条并行的流传输。Client和Server通过捕获流中的IP地址关系来分配traffic，流中的地址被分到client和server端。数据包中的源地址指定为数据流的发送端，适配地址的方法可以选自动或手动。Client和server互相发送数据包流。可以基于同一个trace文件传送流量，也可以用不同的trace文件传送流量。如果有必要，可以从单独的客户端发送流量〔设置server目的为none〕，但是必须选定server端的TraceFileReplayagent以便IxLoad指配client和server的地址。因为一个端口的clientagent必须连接到另一个端口的serveragent，TrafficMap才能设置为PortPairs。在TFR测试中，IxLoad自动映射trace文件中原始的client和server地址为配置的networks地址。当配置networks用于TFR测试时，必须确保有足够的地址可适配到trace文件中所有的地址。Page74LimitationsJumbo帧不能回放pcap文件必须是以太帧流，不支持其他类型帧pcap文件中最多包含100,000个数据包pcap文件不大于32MB.如果pcap文件中包间隔接近1ms,可能无法保证准确的包序列如果仿真用户的数量太大到达Ixia端口CPU的最大支持能力，对所有回放文件的实例可能无法维持包序列如果区分client和server地址的算法发现所有的地址都在一侧，它将指配一个地址给另一侧，以保证一些双向传送的流量TraceFileReplay需要用IxLoadclient或server每个IP地址适配到pcap文件的每个IP地址，如果地址太少，不会重复使用client和server的地址。所以没有足够的地址适配到pcap文件的所有地址的话，请不要运行测试。Page75新建Traffic通常TraceFileReplay客户端必须连接到TraceFileReplay效劳端,所以建议先创立serveragent。Page76选择TraceFileReplayPage77Traffic设置selectthetracefilethattheserverwilltransmitanditsdestination(theTraceFileReplayclient).Optionally,youcanconfigurefilterstobeappliedtothestreamfromthetracefilePage78IxLoad自动分配地址的规那么:TCP三次握手中TCPSYN的源地址为client地址SYN-ACK源地址为server地址既是SYN又是SYN-ACK的源地址的IP，临时标记为"unknown".对UDP,DNS包检查，请求的地址作为client，解析地址作为server对于“unknown”IP地址，依据2:1的流量比率区分client;如果中一个地址在transaction中两倍于别的流中,这个接收地址标记为client还不能区分的地址,使用下面的方法之一:Bridgemethod–未知IP地址与同网段的client或server做相同标记Clientmethod–所有未知地址标记为clientServermethod–所有未知地址标记为serverRoutermethod–SimilartoBridgemethodexceptthatsubnetsareprogressivelyexpandedtocoveralltheunknowns.地址分配规那么Page79地址分配规那么可以手动指定Server端地址Page80定义Filter定义协议、源/目的地址类型、IP子网、匹配前缀长度、源/目的端口类型和端口号等Page81IxLoadMail(POP3/SMTP)IXLoadPOP3/SMTPPOP3isdescribedinRFC1939.SMTPisatext-basedrequest-responseprotocol,andisdocumentedRFC821.Page83设置TrafficTocreateaPOP3clientorserverActivity,selectPOP3.TocreateanSMTPclientorserverActivity,selectSMTPPage84POP3ServerConfig列出所有POP3client将收到的邮件信息每个POP3client都将收到Message中定义的每条信息Message的数量表示client将重复收到这条信息的数量Page85POP3ServerConcurrentPOP3ConnectionLimit:POP3server允许的最大并发连接数，单个IxLoadPOP3server最大可支持65535个并发连接。

ListeningPort(s):POP3server侦听连接的端口，支持多个侦听端口

Page86MailMessagePage87MailMessageEncodeUsingDefaultMIMEType:IxLoadencodesthefileusing7-bitencodingforfileswith.txtor.htmlextensionsorbase-64encodingforfileswithanyotherextension.SendAlreadyEncodedBody:Content-Type,Content-Transfer-Encoding,Content-ID,Content-Description,MIME-VersionPage88MailMessageGeneratedData:IxLoadautomaticallycreatesrandomdataintheattachment.UsetheDataTypefieldtospecifytheformatofthegenerateddata.ExistingFile:IxLoadattachesthefilespecifiedintheFilenamefieldtothemessage.Page89POP3ClientPage90POP3ClientPage91SMTPServerPage92SMTPClientPage93SMTPClientHELO:Thesender-SMTPsendsaHELOtothereceiver-SMTPtoidentifyitselfandopenaconnection.Anargumentsentwiththecommandcontainsthehostnameofthesender-SMTP.Thereceiver-SMTPidentifiesitselftothesender-SMTPintheresponsetothiscommand.EHLO:EHLOistheEnhancedSMTP(ESMTP)versionofHELO.Theserver'sresponseincludesalistoftheoptionsthattheserversupports.Page94IxLoadVoIP(SIP)IXLoadSIP流程图Page96SIP流程说明1.被叫用户通过发送给Registrar一个REGISTER请求绑定自己的地址2.在接收完的REGISTER请求后，Registrar更新数据库，呼叫Locationservice3.Locationservice更新后，Registrar发送给被叫用户一个OK响应4.要和被叫用户建立session，主叫用户通过DNS等业务查找proxyserver的地址，然后发送一个INVITE请求给proxyserver5.接收到INVITE请求后，proxyserver向locationservice查询以找到被叫用户的当前地址6.proxyserver从locationservice找回被叫用户的地址7.接着proxyserver转发INVITE请求给被叫用户8.接受INVITE请求，被叫用户返回一个OK响应给proxyserver9.proxyserver转发OK响应给主叫用户10.收到OK响应后，主叫用户发送ACK报文给被叫用户，两者开始互相传输媒体流。如果proxyserver启用RecordRoute，ACK和BYE消息通过它发送；如果没有启用，这些消息由UAC(useragentclient)直接发给UAS(useragentserver)。11.要终止SIP会话，一方〔图示中是被叫用户〕通过proxyserver发送一个BYE报文给另一方。IxLoad中，总是client结束呼叫。12.接收BYE的一方通过回送一个OK确认结束会话。Page97SIP测试内容RegistrationcapacityandperformanceCallsetupandteardowncapacityandperformanceRedirectionperformanceNetworkperformancePage98SIPServer-常规设置AuthenticationInfo:配置用户名、密码、域和ACK/BYE属性RegistrationInfo:配置Registrar地址和端口等TransportLayer:SIP消息的承载协议TypeofService:配置SIP消息和RTP的TOSPage99SIPServer-消息内容设置配置消息头和SIP路由的相关信息设定指定消息类型的规那么Page100SIP状态机调整计时器以优化SIP性能Page101Media设置设置语音波形文件和编码等Page102SIPServer过程设置设定SIPserver将要执行的命令列表Page103SIPClient常规设置:Page104SIPClient-消息内容Page105SIPClient-状态机Page106SIPClient-Media设置Page107SIPClient-呼叫过程设置Page108SIP测试拓扑Page109SIP测试拓扑Page110SIP测试拓扑Page111DDoSIXLoadDDoSTechnologyOverview–DDoSDistributedDenialofServiceisanattackmethodtodisruptlegitimatetraffictonetworksorservers.CanbeusedwithanexistingprotocolsuchasHTTPorFTPorbyitselftotesttheresiliencyoftheNUT/DUTIxLoad2.20hasadded4newDDoSattackmethods:EvasiveUDPattack,UnreachableHostattack,UDPFloodattackandXmasTreeattackIxLoadallowsthesourceaddressestobespoofedperattack,configurableBurstSizeandRateandPacketSize(perattack)ThetestObjectiveissettoSimulatedUserswhenDDoSisaddedasanActivity–with/withoutotherActivities Page113TechnologyResources

ComprehensiveDDoSsites:

DDoSPage114LabSetupClientnetwork–100usersClienttraffic–1trafficwithHTTPandDDoSHTTP–1.1,3concurrentconnections,maxtransactionsCommandlistDDoS–3attacksasfollows;destination

HTTPserverDDoSPage115DDoSLabSetup(continued)Servernetwork–1HTTP/networkServertraffic–1trafficwithHTTPRunTestTheObjectiveissettoSimulatedUsers(10maxperPort)EnableDetailedReportsandGenerateReportsPage116IxLoadTclAPI(WindowsandUnix)IXLoadIxLoadTclAPITclforWindowsTclscriptsupportisincludedwiththeinstallationofIxLoadontheWindowsconsoleIxLoadTclscriptsrequireitsownWishconsole:IxLoad2.1,C:\ProgramFiles\Ixia\IxLoad\3rdParty\Tcl8.4.7\bin\wish.exe.IxLoad2.2,C:\ProgramFiles\IxLoad\3rdParty\Tcl8.4.7\bin\wish.exe.SampleTclscriptsC:\ProgramFile