英语高考习题复习九 主旨大意

专题九主旨大意

高考

题组一段落或文章大意

Passage1（2021新高考I,D）话题:认识自我难度:难词数：303

Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotional（情感

的）intelligence.Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmost

everythingdesirableinaperson,SmakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,such

ascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand,,people

skills."Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthese

qualities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyondskill-basedemotionalintelligence.

Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcan

beusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhow

othersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,while

acheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligent

doesnotnecessarilymakeoneamoralperson.

Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhat

researchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmore

beneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewand

muchneededemphasis（重视）onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterested

inpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehas

helpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsand

howtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.

Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,

wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificand

scholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinscience

willoffernewperspectives（视角）fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.

Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointUS

intherightdirection.

1.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?

A.ItcanbemeasuredbyanIQtest.

B.Ithelpstoexerciseaperson,smind.

C.Itincludesasetofemotionalskills.

D.Itreferstoaperson,spositivequalities.

2.Whydoestheauthormention"doctor*1anducheaterυinparagraph2?

A.Toexplainarule.

B.Toclarifyaconcept.

C.Topresentafact.

D.Tomakeaprediction.

3.Whatistheauthor,Sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?

A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.

C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.

4.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningemotionalintelligence?

A.Itsappealtothepublic.

B.Expectationsforfuturestudies.

C.Itspracticalapplication.

D.Scientistswithnewperspectives.

冬室

［语篇解读］本文为说明文,作者主要说明了情商的概念及其作用。

1.D

2.B

3.A

4.B

Passage2（2021浙江6月，C）话题:科学发现难度:难词数：334

Ifyouevergettheimpressionthatyourdogcan“tell”whetheryoulookcontent

orannoyed,youmaybeontosomething.Dogsmayindeedbeabletodistinguishbetween

happyandangryhumanfaces,accordingtoanewstudy.

Researcherstrainedagroupof11dogstodistinguishbetweenimages（图像）ofthe

samepersonmakingeitherahappyoranangryface.Duringthetrainingstage,each

dogwasshownonlytheupperhalforthelowerhalfoftheperson,Sface.The

researchersthentestedthedogs,abilitytodistinguishbetweenhumanfacial

expressionsbyshowingthemtheotherhalfoftheperson*sfaceorimagestotally

differentfromtheonesusedintraining.Theresearchersfoundthatthedogswere

abletopicktheangryorhappyfacebytouchingapictureofitwiththeirnosesmore

oftenthanonewouldexpectbyrandomchance.

Thestudyshowedtheanimalshadfiguredouthowtoapplywhattheylearnedabout

humanfacesduringtrainingtonewfacesinthetestingstage.,,Wecanruleoutthat

thedogssimplydistinguishbetweenthepicturesbasedonasimplecue,suchasthe

sightofteeth,υsaidstudyauthorCorsinMuller.uInstead,ourresultssuggest

thatthesuccessfuldogsrealizedthatasmilingmouthmeansthesamethingassmiling

eyes,andthesameruleappliestoanangrymouthhavingthesamemeaningasangry

eyes.n

“Withourstudy,wethinkwecannowconfidentlyconcludethatatleastsomedogs

candistinguishhumanfacialexpressions,,,MilllertoldLiveScience.

Atthispoint,itisnotclearwhydogsseemtobeequippedwiththeabilityto

recognizedifferentfacialexpressionsinhumans.llTous,themostlikely

explanationappearstobethatthebasisliesintheirlivingwithhumans,whichgives

themalotofexposuretohumanfacialexpressions,,,andthisexposurehasprovided

themwithmanychancestolearntodistinguishbetweenthem,MUllersaid.

1.Thenewstudyfocusedonwhetherdogscan.

A.distinguishshapes

B.makesenseofhumanfaces

C.feelhappyorangry

D.communicatewitheachother

2.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudyfromparagraph2?

A.Researcherstestedthedogsinrandomorder.

B.Diversemethodswereadoptedduringtraining.

C.Picturesusedinthetwostagesweredifferent.

D.Thedogswerephotographedbeforethetest.

3.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Asuggestionforfuturestudies.

B.Apossiblereasonforthestudyfindings.

C.Amajorlimitationofthestudy.

D.Anexplanationoftheresearchmethod.

I=J

［语篇解读］本文为说明文,文章介绍了一项关于狗能识别人类表情的新研究。

1.B

2.C

3.B

Passage3（2020全国∏,B）话题:益智游戏难度:中词数：261

Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,

butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.

PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoung

childrenattheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween

ages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobea

significantpredictorofCOgnitiOn（认知）aftercontrollingfordifferencesin

parents,income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.

Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduring

everydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46

monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.

“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,

ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate（旋转）andtranslateshapes,nLevine

saidinastatement.

Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,

andabouthalfofthechildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.

Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,and

bothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boys

tendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovided

morespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythantheparentsof

girls.

ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.

1.Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?

A.Buildingconfidence.

B.Developingspatialskills.

C.Learningself-control.

D.Gaininghigh-techknowledge.

2.WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment?

A.Parents,age.

B.Children,simagination.

C.Parents,education.

D.Child-parentrelationship.

3.Howdoboysdifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?

A.Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.

B.Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.

C.Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.

D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.

4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Amathematicalmethod.

B.ʌscientificstudy.

C.Awomanpsychologist.

D.Ateachingprogram.

答案

［语篇解读］本文是一篇说明文,文章介绍了益智游戏可以更好地培养孩子的空间技巧。

1.B

2.C

3.D

4.B

Passage4(2019全国∏,C)话题:社会文化难度:中词数:348

MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach,sBarLouiecounterbyherself,quietly

readinghere-bookasshewaitsforhersalad.Whatisshereading?NOneofyour

business!LunchisBechtel,s“me"time.AndlikemoreAmericans,she,snotalone.

Λnewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethan

half(53percent)havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf(46percent)havelunchby

themselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore,74percent,according

tostatisticsfromthereport.

“Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone,buttogether,youknow?"Bechtelsaid,

lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel,whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach,haslunch

withcoworkerssometimes,butlikemanyofus,toooftenworksthroughlunchather

desk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.

Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.uToday,Ijustwantedsometimeto

myself,nshesaid.

Justtwoseatsover,AndrewMazoleny,alocalvideographer,isfinishinghis

lunchatthebar.He1ikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthe

barkeeperwithwhomhe,sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittle

interaction(交流)・"Ireflectonhowmyday,Sgoneandthinkabouttherestofthe

week,',hesaid.uIt,sachanceforself-reflection.Youreturntoworkrechargedand

withaplan.,,

Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.Therewasa

timewhenpeoplemayhavefeltawkwardaboutaskingforatableforone,butthosedays

areover.Now,wehaveoursmartphonestokeepuscompanyatthetable.uItdoesn,t

feelasaloneasitmayhavebeforealltheadvancesintechnology,,,saidLaurie

Demeritt,whosecompanyprovidedthestatisticsforthereport.

1.Whatarethestatisticsinparagraph2about?

A.Foodvariety.

B.Eatinghabits.

C.Tablemanners.

D.Restaurantservice.

2.WhydoesBechtelprefertogooutforlunch?

A.Tomeetwithhercoworkers.

B.Tocatchupwithherwork.

C.Tohavesometimeonherown.

D.Tocollectdataforherreport.

3.WhatdoweknowaboutMazoleny?

A.Ilemakesvideosforthebar.

B.He,Sfondofthefoodatthebar.

C.Heinterviewscustomersatthebar.

D.He,sfamiliarwiththebarkeeper.

4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Thetrendofhavingmealsalone.

B.Theimportanceofself-reflection.

C.Thestressfromworkingovertime.

D.Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.

如玄

口木

［语篇解读］本文体裁为说明文。现如今,在美国,越来越多的人选择自己吃饭,他们希望以

此争取一些自己独处的时间。

1.B

2.C

3.D

4.A

PaSSage5（2018全国II,C）话题:阅读调查难度:中词数：294

Teensandyoungerchildrenarereadingalotlessforfun,accordingtoaCommon

SenseMediareportpublishedMonday.

Whilethedeclineoverthepastdecadeissteepforteenreaders,somedatainthe

reportshowsthatreadingremainsabigpartofmanychildren,slives,andindicates

howparentsmighthelpencouragemorereading.

Accordingtothereport*skeyfindings,,,theProPortion（比例）whosaythey

,hardlyever'readforfunhasgonefrom8percentof13-year-oldsand9percentof

17-year-oldsin1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday.υ

Thereportdatashowsthatpleasurereadinglevelsforyoungerchildren,ages

2—8,remainlargelythesame.Buttheamountoftimespentinreadingeachsession

hasdeclined,fromclosertoanhourormoretoclosertoahalfhourpersession.

Whenitcomestotechnologyandreading,thereportdoeslittletocounsel（建议）

parentslookingfordataabouttheeffectofe-readersandtabletsonreading.Itdoes

pointoutthatmanyparentsstilllimitelectronicreading,mainlyduetoconcerns

aboutincreasedscreentime.

Themosthopefuldatasharedinthereportshowsclearevidenceofparents

servingasexamplesandimportantguidesfortheirkidswhenitcomestoreading.Data

showsthatkidsandteenswhodoreadfrequently,comparedtoinfrequentreaders,

havemorebooksinthehome,morebookspurchasedforthem,parentswhoreadmore

often,andparentswhosetasidetimeforthemtoread.

Astheendofschoolapproaches,andschoolvacationreadinglistsIOonι（逼近）

ahead,parentsmighttakethischancetostepinandmaketheirownsummerreading

listandplanafamilytriptothelibraryorbookstore.

1.WhatistheCommonSenseMediareportprobablyabout?

A.Children,sreadinghabits.

B.Qualityofchildren,sbooks.

C.Children,safter-classactivities.

D.Parent-childrelationships.

2.Wherecanyoufindthedatathatbestsupports,,chiIdrenarereadingalotlessfor

funn?

A.Inparagraph2.

B.Inparagraph3.

C.Inparagraph4.

D.Inparagraph5.

3.Whydomanyparentslimitelectronicreading?

A.E-booksareofpoorquality.

B.Itcouldbeawasteoftime.

C.Itmayharmchildre∏,shealth.

D.E-readersareexpensive.

4.Howshouldparentsencouragetheirchildrentoreadmore?

A.Actasrolemodelsforthem.

B.Askthemtowritebookreports.

C.Setupreadinggroupsforthem.

D.Talkwiththeirreadingclassteachers.

［语篇解读］本文为说明文。根据CommonSenseMedia所做的一项调查可知，与过去相比，

十几岁的孩子们进行趣味阅读的量越来越少。

1.A

2.B

3.C

4.A

Passage6（2018全国IΠ,B）话题:城市环境难度:中词数:312

CitiesusualIyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare,likeanearbyportor

river.Peoplesettleintheseplacesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturally

suitedtocommunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity,forexample,isnearalarge

harbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300yearsitspopulationgrewgradually

from800peopleto8million.Butnotallcitiesdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodof

time.Boomtownsgrowfromnothingalmostovernight.In1896,Dawson,Canada,was

unmappedWilderneSS（荒野）.Butgoldwasdiscoveredtherein1897,andtwoyearslater,

itwasoneofthelargestcitiesintheWest,withapopulationof30,000.

DawsondidnothaveanyofthenaturalconveniencesofcitieslikeLondonorParis.

Peoplewentthereforgold.Theytravelledoversnow-coveredmountainsandsailed

hundredsofmilesupicyrivers.ThepathtoDawsonwascoveredwiththirtyfeetofwet

snowthatcouldfallwithoutwarning.Anavalanche（雪崩）onceclosedthepath,

killing63people.FormanywhomadeittoDawson,however,therewardswereworththe

difficulttrip.Ofthefirst20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.About100

ofthesestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirlives.

Butnomatterhowrichtheywere,Dawsonwasnevercomfortable.Necessitieslike

foodandwoodwereveryexpensive.Butsoon,thegoldthatDawsondependedonhadall

beenfound.Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointedpeoplewithnointerestin

settlingdown,andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,they

leftDawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.Today,peoplestillcomeandgo-tosee

wheretheCanadiangoldrushhappened.TourismisnowthechiefindustryofDawson

City-itspresentpopulationis762.

1.WhatattractedtheearlysettlerstoNewYorkCity?

A.Itsbusinessculture.

B.Itssmallpopulation.

C.Itsgeographicalposition.

D.Itsfavourableclimate.

2.WhatdoweknowaboutthosewhofirstdugforgoldinDawson?

A.Two-thirdsofthemstayedthere.

B.Oneoutoffivepeoplegotrich.

C.Almosteveryonegaveup.

D.Halfofthemdied.

3.WhatwasthemainreasonformanypeopletoleaveDawson?

A.Theyfoundthecitytoocrowded.

B.Theywantedtotrytheirluckelsewhere.

C.Theywereunabletostandthewinter.

D.Theywereshortoffood.

4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Theriseandfallofacity.

B.ThegoldrushinCanada.

C.Journeysintothewilderness.

D.TourisminDawson.

答案

［语篇解读］本文是一篇说明文。城市的兴起壮大,城市的兴起又衰落,这背后的原因是什么

呢?本文以纽约和道森两个城市为例,指出了隐藏在背后的真正推手。

1.C

2.B

3.B

4.A

Passage7（2018北京,A）话题:人物故事难度:易词数:319

MyFirstMarathon（马拉松）

Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnot

runningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogo

ahead.

Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacher

requiredustorunlapsandthenhitasoftball.Idid∏,tdoeitherwell.Helater

informedmethatIwas“notathletic".

TheideathatIwas“notathleticυstuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstarted

runninginmy30s,Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notabout

competitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmy

ownbodyandmind,ʌtestofwills!

Thenightbeforemymarathon,1dreamtthatIcouldn,tevenfindthefinishline.

Iwokeupsweatingandnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.

Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoeIaCeS（鞋带）becameuntied.SoI

stoppedtoreadjust.NotthestartIwanted!

Atmile3,Ipassedasign:"GOFORIT,RUNNERS!υ

Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despite

thepain,Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain.

Bymile21,Iwasstarving!

AsIapproachedmile23,Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.

Shenevermindedthealarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpenseson

running.

Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!And1gotamedal.Infact,

Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.

Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlyIabeIS（世俗标

签）,Icannowcallmyselfa“marathonwinner".

1.Amonthbeforethemarathon,theauthor.

A.waswelltrained

B.feltscared

C.madeuphismindtorun

D.losthope

2.WhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear?

A.Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.

B.Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.

C.Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.

D.Toshareapreciousmemory.

3.Howwastheauthor,sfirstmarathon?

A.Hemadeit.

B.Ilequithalfway.

C.Hegotthefirstprize.

D.Hewalkedtotheend.

4.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?

A.ʌmanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.

B.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.

C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.

D.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.

答案

［语篇解读］本文为记叙文。作者虽然没有运动天赋,但是通过坚持不懈的努力，最终完成了

自己的第一次马拉松。

1.C

2.C

3.A

4.B

题组二最佳标题

Passage1（2021新高考适应卷,D）话题:科学发现难度:难词数：291

Theaveragebear,itseems,isgettingeversmarter.First,itturnedoutthatat

leastonecanuseacomb.Nowitappearsthatsomecancount,too.

JenniferVonk,ofOaklandUniversity,inMichigan,andMichaelBeran,from

GeorgiaStateUniversity,setthreeAmericanblackbearsthetaskofdistinguishing

betweennumericallylargerandsmallergroupsofdots（点）onacomputerscreen.In

returnforafoodrewardonebear,Brutus,wou1dtouchthemoreheavilydottedpattern

withhisnose.Theothers,BellaandDusty,wouldtouchthescreenwiththeirclaws（JK

子）∙

ʌstheresearchersreportinAnimalBehavior,thebearsdidbestwithpatterns

wherethecoloureddotsdidnotmoveandwheremoreofthemalsotookupalarger

colouredarea.Thiscouldbeexplainedbythebears,distinguishingthedifferent

areasofcolourratherthantrulycountingthedots.However,thethreebearsmanaged

topickoutthebiggernumberofdotseveninpairsofpatternswherefewerdotstook

upalargerarea.

Movingpatterns,whereeachdotfolloweditsownpatharoundthescreen,were

moreofachallenge.ButBrutus,atleast,wasnotdefeated.Heseemedtobecounting

mobiledotsevenwhenthescientiststriedtomisleadhimbymovingthetotalcoloured

areaofthedotsatthesametime.

Itisnotentirelysurprisingthatbearsshouldhaveahighdegreeof

intelligence.Theyfacealotofchallengeswhentryingtogetfood.Theyare,however,

alwaysalone,andsodonothavethecomplexsocialsystemsthatcontributetoanimal

smarts.Perhaps,then,theirmathsskilldevelopedbecausetheycannotcountontheir

friendsforhelp.

1.Whattaskdidthescientistssetforthethreebears?

ʌ.Distinguishingdifferentdotpatterns.

B.Figuringoutdifferentcoloursofdots.

C.Puttingthedotsintodifferentlycolouredgroups.

D.Pickingoutthegroupwithalargernumberofdots.

2.Forthebears,thetaskwaseasierwhen.

A.thecoloureddotsweremovingslowly

B.thedotpatternswereregularinshape

C.thedotsfollowedapathonthescreen

D.moredotscoveredalargercolouredarea

3.Whatmayexplainthebears5highdegreeofintelligence?

A.Theylearnskillsfromotheranimals.

B.Theyfacelifechallengesontheirown.

C.Theyfeedonadiverserangeoffood.

D.Theyhavecomplexsocialnetworks.

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.BearsTaughttoDistinguishColours

B.NewEvidenceofBearIntelligenceFound

C.ThreeBearsLearnedHowtoCount

D.TheSmartestAmericanBlackBearBrutus

答案

［语篇解读］本文是一篇说明文。研究发现,熊是一种具有较高智商的动物,研究认为在寻找

食物时面临很多挑战或许是熊具有较高智商的原因。

1.D

2.D

3.B

4.B

Passage2（2022浙江1月，C）话题:体育与健康难度:中词数：341

Thebenefitsofregularexercisearewelldocumentedbutthere,sanewbonusto

addtotheever-growinglist.Newresearchfoundthatmiddle-agedwomenwhowere

physicallyfitcouldbenearly90percentlesslikelytodevelopdementia（失智症）in

laterlife-andiftheydid,itcameonadecadelaterthanlesssportywomen.

LeadresearcherDrHelenaHorder,oftheUniversityofGothenburginSweden,said:

"Thesefindingsareexcitingbecauseit,spossiblethatimprovingpeople*s

CardiOVaSCUIar（心血管的）fitnessinmiddleagecoulddelayorevenpreventthemfrom

developingdementia.,,

Forthestudy,191womenwithanaverageageof50tookabicycleexercisetest

untiltheyweretiredouttomeasuretheirpeak（最大值的）cardiovascularcapacity.

Theaveragepeakworkloadwasmeasuredat103watts.

ʌtotalof40womenmetthecriteriaforahighfitnesslevelwithacapacityof

120wattsorhigher,while92womenwereinthemediumfitnesscategory.Atotalof59

wereoflowfitnesslevel,withapeakworkloadof80wattsorless,orhavingtheir

testsstoppedbecauseofhealthproblems.

Thesewomenwerethentestedfordementiasixtimesoverthefollowingfour

decades.Duringthattime,44ofthewomendevelopeddementia.Fivepercentofthe

highlyfitwomendevelopeddementia,comparedto25percentofthewomenwithmedium

fitnessand32percentofthewomenwithlowfitness.

uIlowever,thisstudydoesnotshowcauseandeffectbetweencardiovascular

fitnessanddementia,itonlyshowsanassociation,,,saidHorder.uMoreresearchis

neededtoseeifimprovedfitnesscouldhaveapositiveeffectontheriskofdementia

andalsotolookatwhenduringalifetimeahighfitnesslevelismostimportant.,,

Shealsoadmittedthatarelativelysmallnumberofwomenwerestudied,allofwhom

werefromSweden,sotheresultsmightnotbeapplicabletoothergroups.

1.Whatisontheever-growinglistmentionedinthefirstparagraph?

A.Positiveeffectsofdoingexercise.

B.Exercisessuitableforthemiddle-aged.

C.Experimentalstudiesondementia.

D.Advantagesofsportywomenovermen.

2.Whydidtheresearchersaskthewomentodobicycleexercise?

ʌ.Topredicttheirmaximumheartrate.

B.Toassesstheircardiovascularcapacity.

C.Tochangetheirhabitofworkingout.

D.Todetecttheirpotentialhealthproblems.

3.WhatdoweknowaboutDrIlδrder,Sstudy?

A.Itaimedtofindacurefordementia.

B.Datacollectionwasalengthyprocess.

C.Someparticipantswithdrewfromit.

D.Theresultswerefarfromsatisfactory.

4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.MoreWomenAreExercisingtoPreventDementia

B.Middle-AgedWomenNeedtoDoMoreExercise

C.FitWomenAreLessLikelytoDevelopDementia

D.BikingImprovesWomen,sCardiovascularFitness

彦P=J宏木

［语篇解读］本文为说明文,介绍了身体健康的中年女性在晚年患失智症的可能性较低,但

这一结论有局限性。

1.A

2.B

3.B

4.C

Passage3（2021全国甲,D）话题:社会文化难度:难词数：314

Whoisagenius?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.

Let,sstateClearlyrEinsteinwasagenius.Ilisfaceisalmosttheinternational

symbolforgenius.Butwewanttogobeyondonemanandexplorethenatureofgenius

itself.Whyisitthatsomepeoplearesomuchmoreintelligentorcreativethanthe

restofus?Andwhoarethey?

Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,of

Europeanorigin.Perhapsthisisnotasurprise.It,ssaidthathistoryiswrittenby

thevictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.

Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub—women,orpeopleofa

differentcolororbelief—theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.

ʌstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsare

lesslikelythanboystosaythatmembersoftheirgender（性另∣J）are4,really,really

smart.,,Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief:Aroundagesixthey

starttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoareureally,really

smart.,,Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersbecomediscouragedandgive

up?Itdoesn,ttakeageniustoknowtheanswerabsolutelynot.

Here,Sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we,re

allpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,

themorewewillseethatsocialfactors（因素）likegender,race,andclassdonot

determinetheappearanceofgenius.Λsawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthose

with"intelligence,creativity,PerSeVeranCe（毅力），andsimplegoodfortune,who

areabletochangetheworld.,,

1.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofvictors,standardsforjoiningthegeniusclub?

ʌ.They,reunfair.

B.They,reconservative.

C.They,reobjective.

D.They,restrict.

2.WhatcanweinferaboutgirlsfromthestudyinScience?

A.Theythinkthemselvessmart.

B.Theylookuptogreatthinkers.

C.Theyse