贵州省安顺市2023-2024学年高一上学期期末英语试题（含答案解析）

全市2023~2024学年度第一学期期末教学质量监测考试高一英语试题注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。3.考试结束后，将答题卡交回。考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分第Ⅰ卷（选择题共95分）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdoesthewomanusuallyhave?A.Tomatoandeggsoup.B.Chickensoup.C.Carrotsoup.2What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Fatheranddaughter.B.Husbandandwife.C.Salesmanandcustomer.3.Whydidn’tthewomanseethemovie?A.Becauseshewasafraid.B.Becauseshewasbusywithherwork.C.Becauseshehadtocleanherhouse.4.Whowasthefirsttobuythebag?A.James.B.Thomas.C.Gary.5.Howhastheweatherbeenrecently?A.Windy.B.Sunny.C.Cloudy.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatwillthegirlprobablydowiththemannextweekend?A.Playsports.B.Visitheraunt.C.Walkaroundthecity.7.Howdidthegirlfeelabouttheman’snewplan?A.Excited.B.Unsatisfied.C.Worried.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.WhatdoesJenny’scarlooklike?A.Ashoe.B.Aboat.C.Arocket.9.WhatmakesJenny’scargo?A.Gas.B.Water.C.Sunshine.10.HowcanJennybebestdescribed?A.Lazy.B.Creative.C.Humorous.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inagym.B.Inahotel.C.Inahospital.12.Whatsportdoesthemanlikebest?A.Swimming.B.Playingtennis.C.Playingbadminton.13.Howoftendoesthemanwanttodooutdooractivities?A.Everyday.B.Onceaweek.C.Twiceaweek.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Futureplans.B.Part-timejobs.C.Hobbies.15.Whatdothewoman’sparentswanthertostudy?AGeography.B.Biology.C.Art.16.Whatdoesthewomanhatedoing?A.Goingtocollege.B.Lookingforjobs.C.Askingherparentsformoney.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.HowmanydaughtersdoNancyandHarryhave?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.18WhydoNancyandHarrysometimesdrivetotown?A.Toseeafilm.B.Togoshopping.C.Tovisittheirfriends.19.HowdoNancyandHarrygototheStatePark?A.Onfoot.B.Bybus.C.Bycar.20.WhatdoweknowaboutNancyandHarry?ATheyfeelverylonely.B.Theyenjoytheirpresentlife.C.TheyareonvacationinMiamithisyear.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题:每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AALLCHINATOURSFromtheformerImperialcapitalofBeijingtothecosmopolitan(世界性的)streetsofShanghai,tothebrilliantYangtze,touringinChinahassomuchtoofferandsomanysightsandsitestoenjoy.ChinaTibetDiscoveryTourThe13daysChinaTibettourisapleasantjourneyfullofdiscovery,culturalexperienceandsightseeing.YourdiscoverystartsfromthegreatcitiesBeijingandXi’anwithprofound(深远的)historyandcultureandextendstothemysteriousTibetplateauforthedramaticlandscapeandminorityculture;stopsonedayatChengdufortheuniversal-lovedgiantpandas.ChinaHighlightsTourTakethekidstoChinawhentheyareoutofschool!Thisspecific-designed13daysChinatourisbasedontheinterestofthefamiliesespeciallythechildren’s.FromtheamazingGreatWall,youwillheadtothebikingtoursontheancientcitywall,lookatthemagicalterracottaarmy;thencyclethroughthecountrysideofYangshuoandlearnChinesepainting,finallywithexcitementinDisneylandHongKongbeforeflyinghome.Allthefunandeducationalactivitieswillgivethekidslife-timememory.GuizhouMiaoandDongTribesAdventureTour8daysMiaoandDongtribesadventuretourshowcasesQiandongnanMiaoandDongAutonomousPrefecture(自治州)-theSoutheastGuizhou.Itisthetopchoicesfortravelerswhoareinterestedinethnicminority’sculture.Spendseveraldayswithlocalpeopletoseetheiroriginallifestyle,embroidery(刺绣)dressandshinysilveraccessory(配饰).HangzhouTourThis5-daytourwillfullyembraceHangzhouwhichisnowinthespotlightasthemainhostofthe19thAsianGames.ItisoneofthesevenancientcapitalsofChina.TheHangzhougovernmentalsooffersfreepublicbikesfortouriststotravelaroundtheWestLake.Theparksaroundthelakeareallfreetovisit.YoucanseeTheXixiWetlandPark,LeifengPagoda,etc.Andthere’salottobediscovered!1.Whichtourisfamilyfriendly?A.ChinaTibetDiscoveryTourB.ChinaHighlightsTourC.GuizhouMiaoandDongTribesAdventureTourD.HangzhouTour2.WhatdoweknowabouttheGuizhoutour?A.Educationalactivitieswillteachkidsembroidery.B.Home-stayhotelofferchancestoexperiencetheoriginallives.C.Theweek-longtourcantaketravelersclosetonature.D.TouristscanenjoynationalcostumeinGuizhou.3.WhatbenefitisprovidedfortouristsvisitingtheWestLake?A.Freebikerentals. B.Discountedtickets.C.Convenientlocation. D.Paidtouristguides.【答案】1.B2.D3.A【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。文章介绍了四个中国旅游线路。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据ChinaHighlightsTour部分的“Thisspecific-designed13daysChinatourisbasedontheinterestofthefamiliesespeciallythechildren’s.(这个特别设计的13天中国之旅是基于家庭尤其是孩子们的兴趣。)”可知，ChinaHighlightsTour是对家庭友好的。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据GuizhouMiaoandDongTribesAdventureTour部分的“Spendseveraldayswithlocalpeopletoseetheiroriginallifestyle,embroidery(刺绣)dressandshinysilveraccessory(配饰).(花几天时间和当地人在一起，看看他们原来的生活方式，刺绣的衣服和闪闪发光的银饰。)”可知，贵州之旅游客可以欣赏民族服装。故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据HangzhouTour部分的“TheHangzhougovernmentalsooffersfreepublicbikesfortouriststotravelaroundtheWestLake.(杭州市政府还为游客提供免费的公共自行车，供他们游览西湖。)”可知，游客游览西湖可以使用免费的自行车。故选A。BOneshouldeatlikeakinginthemorning,aprinceatnoon,andapeasantatnight.Thissayingisallabouttheimportanceofbreakfast.Andnowscientistscantellusjustwhyit’ssoimportant.AccordingtoastudycarriedoutatImperialCollegeLondon,UK,nothavingthefirstmealofthedaynotonlymeansyoueatmoreatlunch,butalsothatyourbrainwantstofindmoreunhealthyfoods.Thestudysuggeststhatthereisaspecialpartofourbraincalledthecortex(大脑皮层),whichplaysanimportantpartinmakingchoicesaboutwhatweeat.Itisusedformakingoutthetasteoffood,especiallywhenskippingbreakfast.Itismorelikelytotargethigh-caloriefoodswhenyou’reonanemptystomach.Scientistsdidanexperimentonthis.DrTonyGoldmanfromImperialCollegeLondon,scannedthebrainsof21menandwomen,aroundtheageof25.Onthefirstday,thesepeopleskippedbreakfastbeforethescans.Onthesecondday,theyhadcereal(谷物),breadandjamasbreakfast.Afterthescanonbothdays,theyhadtheirlunch.Whenthevolunteershadskippedbreakfast,theyateabout20percentmoreatlunch,comparedwithdayswhentheyhadeatenbreakfast.Theirbrainscansalsoshowedthecortexwasespeciallyresponsive(反应积极的)tohigh-caloriefoods.“Webelievethatidentifiesthevalueoffoods-howpleasant,howdelicioussomethingis,”Goldmanadded.4.WhichstatementcouldbetrueaccordingtoParagraph1?A.It’sashortcuttoloseweightwithoutbreakfast.B.Scientistshavefoundoutwhyeatingbreakfastisimportant.C.It’sunnecessarytohavegoodfoodforsupper.D.Eatingmorebreakfastmakesyoubecomesmarter.5.Whichisthecorrectorderoftheexperimentonthefirstday?①Thevolunteersskippedbreakfast.②Thevolunteershadlunch.③Thevolunteershadabrainscan.A.①③② B.③②① C.③①② D.①②③6.Theunderlinedword“skipping”(Paragraph2)canbereplacedby________.A.devoting B.ignoringC.hesitating D.delivering7.WhichmealisthemostimportantofadayintheopinionofGoldman?A.Lunch B.BrunchC.Breakfast D.Supper【答案】4.B5.A6.B7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲了吃早餐的重要性。根据一项在英国伦敦帝国学院发布的研究结果显示，不吃早餐不仅会让人们午餐吃得更多，而且会让人们更容易想吃一些不健康的食物。因此，提醒人们，要按时吃早餐。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Thissayingisallabouttheimportanceofbreakfast.Andnowscientistscantellusjustwhyit’ssoimportant.AccordingtoastudycarriedoutatImperialCollegeLondon,UK,nothavingthefirstmealofthedaynotonlymeansyoueatmoreatlunch,butalsothatyourbrainwantstofindmoreunhealthyfoods.(这句谚语是关于早餐的重要性。现在科学家们可以告诉我们为什么它如此重要。根据英国伦敦帝国理工学院的一项研究，不吃一天中的第一餐不仅意味着你在午餐时吃得更多，而且你的大脑想要找到更多不健康的食物。)”可知，从第一段我们得知科学家们发现了为什么吃早餐很重要。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Onthefirstday,thesepeopleskippedbreakfastbeforethescans.Onthesecondday,theyhadcereal(谷物),breadandjamasbreakfast.Afterthescanonbothdays,theyhadtheirlunch.(第一天，这些人在扫描前不吃早餐。第二天，他们的早餐是麦片、面包和果酱。这两天扫描后，他们开始吃午饭。)”可知，第一天实验中，实验对象不吃早餐，接受扫描，扫描之后再吃午餐。故选A。【6题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Thestudysuggeststhatthereisaspecialpartofourbraincalledthecortex(大脑皮层),whichplaysanimportantpartinmakingchoicesaboutwhatweeat.(这项研究表明，我们大脑中有一个特殊的部分叫做皮层，它在我们选择吃什么方面起着重要作用。)”结合下文“Itismorelikelytotargethigh-caloriefoodswhenyou’reonanemptystomach.(当你空腹时，它更有可能瞄准高热量的食物。)”可知，大脑皮层是我们大脑的一部分，它决定了我们对食物的选择，当我们空腹时，它更容易指向高油脂的食物，因此推断划线句子“Itisusedformakingoutthetasteoffood,especiallywhenskippingbreakfast.”，表示：它用来辨别食物的味道，尤其是在不吃早餐的时候。画线词与B项“忽视”意思相近。故选B。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Whenthevolunteershadskippedbreakfast,theyateabout20percentmoreatlunch,comparedwithdayswhentheyhadeatenbreakfast.Theirbrainscansalsoshowedthecortexwasespeciallyresponsive(反应积极的)tohigh-caloriefoods.“Webelievethatidentifiesthevalueoffoods-howpleasant,howdelicioussomethingis,”Goldmanadded.(当志愿者不吃早餐时，他们的午餐食量比吃早餐时多20%。他们的脑部扫描还显示，大脑皮层对高热量食物特别敏感。戈德曼补充说:“我们相信，这可以确定食物的价值——它有多令人愉快，有多美味。”)”可知，戈德曼做了实验，表明如果不吃早餐，午餐会多吃；因此推断，他认为早餐是最重要的。故选C。CWhenthinkingaboutplacingahumanbeinginspace,oneofthemostimportantquestionsishowtodesignspecialclothingneededtoprotectapersonfromthedangersofthespaceenvironment.Thecoldofspacewillfreezeskininashorttime.Theheatofthesuncancauseseriousburns.Thelackofatmospherecancausegasesinspacetoexpandandevenburst.Withnooxygentobreathe,ahumanbeingwilldieinonlyafewmoments.Radiationfromthesunisanotherriskinspace.Soisdamagefromsmallpiecesofrockandobjectslikemeteoroids(陨石).In1933,anAmericanflyer,WileyPost,designedthefirstsuccessfuldevicestoprotectapilotatextremeheights.Itwasalargedevice,thatlookedlikeacansurroundingthepilot’shead.AstronautsintheAmericanspaceagency(NASA)flewthefirstAmericanspaceflightsintheearly1960s.TheclothingwassimilartothatinventedbyWileyPost.Today,astronautswearverydifferentprotectiveclothing.Itletsthemmove,dousefultasks,andstayoutsidetheirspacecraftincomfortandsafetyforseveralhours.ThespacesuitiscalledtheshuttleextravehicularmobilityunitorEMU.Itwasdesignedtolastlongerandtopermitmoremovementthanearlierspacesuits.TheEMUhasanumberofpartsthatanastronautcanlinktogetherbyusingonlyonehand,whichmakesitpossibleforeachastronauttoselectthepartsthatfitcorrectly.Nowadays,NASAscientistsarealsoconsideringthekindofspacesuitsthatwouldbeneededforexplorationontheplanetMars.BecauseofthegravityonMars,spacesuitsmayhavetobedesignedtobelighterthansuitsusedinorbitoronthemoon.TheequipmentmayalsohavetoprotectastronautsfromdustcarriedinthewindsonMars.And,theymustbeeasytorepairandkeepcleanduringalongerflighttoandfromtheredplanet.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”(Paragraph2)refertoaccordingtothepassage?A.adevice B.afly C.apilot D.ahead9.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotbelongtothedangersofspaceenvironment?A.Lackofoxygen B.Theheatfromthesun.C.Thespeciallydesignedclothing. D.Radiationfromthesun.10.Whichstatementistruebasedonthispassage?A.WileyPostdesignedthefirstprotectiveclothingforastronauts.B.EMUhasmanypartsthatcanbelinkedtogetherbyusingtwohands.C.SpecialspacesuitshavebeenusedforexplorationoftheplanetMars.D.Astronautsinearlierspacesuitshaddifficultyinmoving,doingusefultasksandsoon.11.Themaintopicofthepassagemightbe________.A.Spaceexploration B.Astronauts’flightsC.TheAdvantagesofSpacesuits D.TheDevelopmentofSpacesuits【答案】8.A9.C10.D11.D【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了太空服的发展历程。人类进入太空所要面对的重要问题之一便是怎样设计出能够抵挡太空恶劣环境的防护服。早期的太空服给宇航员的行动和执行任务带来不便，现在的太空服已经能够让宇航员行动自如。【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线句所在段落“In1933,anAmericanflyer,WileyPost,designedthefirstsuccessfuldevicestoprotectapilotatextremeheights.Itwasalargedevice,thatlookedlikeacansurroundingthepilot’shead.AstronautsintheAmericanspaceagency(NASA)flewthefirstAmericanspaceflightsintheearly1960s.TheclothingwassimilartothatinventedbyWileyPost.(1933年，美国飞行员威利·波斯特(WileyPost)成功设计了第一个在极端高度保护飞行员的装置。这是一个很大的装置，看起来像一个罐子环绕着飞行员的头部。20世纪60年代初，美国航天局(NASA)的宇航员进行了美国第一次太空飞行。这种衣服和威利·波斯特发明的衣服很相似。)”可知,that指代上文提到的thefirstsuccessfuldevices，是一种设备。故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“Theheatofthesuncancauseseriousburns.Thelackofatmospherecancausegasesinspacetoexpandandevenburst.Withnooxygentobreathe,ahumanbeingwilldieinonlyafewmoments.Radiationfromthesunisanotherriskinspace.(太阳的热量会造成严重的灼伤。缺乏大气层会导致太空中的气体膨胀甚至爆裂。没有氧气呼吸，人会在几分钟内死亡。来自太阳的辐射是太空中的另一个危险。)”可推知，步入太空的危险包括缺氧、太阳的高温、太阳的辐射，特殊设计的衣服不属于太空环境的危险。故选C。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Today,astronautswearverydifferentprotectiveclothing.Itletsthemmove,dousefultasks,andstayoutsidetheirspacecraftincomfortandsafetyforseveralhours.(今天，宇航员穿着非常不同的防护服。它可以让他们移动，做一些有用的任务，并在他们的航天器外舒适安全地呆上几个小时。)”可知，以前的太空服不能让宇航员行动自如，也不便于执行任务等。故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的“Whenthinkingaboutplacingahumanbeinginspace,oneofthemostimportantquestionsishowtodesignspecialclothingneededtoprotectapersonfromthedangersofthespaceenvironment.(当考虑把一个人放在太空时,最重要的问题之一是如何设计为了保护一个人免受空间环境危险所需要的特殊衣服。)”并通读全文可知，文章主要讲的是太空服的发展。因此推断文章的主题是太空服的发展。故选D。DGaryMcKeeran365marathonsinasmanydaystoraisefundsforMacmillanCancerSupportandHospiceatHomeWestCumbria.GaryMcKee,53,fromCleatorMoorinCumbriaraisedhisarmsinvictoryandwascheeredbyacrowdofsupportersashecompletedhis365thmarathonoftheyearonNewYear’sEve.Asof(截止)4pmonSaturday,hehadraisedmorethan£890,000forthecharitiesMacmillanCancerSupportandHospiceatHomeWestCumbria,justshyof(缺少)his£1millionfundraisingtarget.Thefatherofthreehasgonethrough22pairsofsportsshoesandhasrun9,563milesinrain,snowandsunshinetoraisemoneyforthecharities.“ThesupporthasbeenamazinganditalwaysisandtheWestCumbriansgetbehindus,butcanceraffectseverybodysoitisn’tjustaWestCumbrianthing,it’sanationalthing,”saidGary.”Ijusthopethatpeopledogetbehindusandwedoraisethosemillionpounds.”Garyhasnotonlyraisedmoneyfortwofantasticcharities,buthehasalsosprinkledmagiconthelocalcommunityandbroughtpeopletogethertosupporthimwiththechallenge.ChrisYoung,29,ran90marathonswithMr.McKee.“GaryhassetagoodexampletomethisyearwhenIbeganrunningfrequentlywithhimandhasgivenmebothphysicalandmentalresilience(适应力)thatIdon’tknowifIwouldhaveeverdiscoveredinmyselfinamillionyears.IknowIdon’tjustspeakformyselfonthatfrontashehasinspirednotjustmeorthefew,buttheentirelocalcommunityandbeyond,”saidChris,“Thischallengehasraisedagreatamountofmoneyfortwofantasticcharities,buttheimpact(影响)Garyhasprovidedtothecommunityandpeoplearoundhimisimmeasurable.Alotofpeople’sliveswillbemuchbetteroffthankstoGary’sefforts,mineincluded.”12.What’sthepurposeofGaryMcKeerunning?A.TocelebratetheNewYear’sEve.B.Tocompletehis365thmarathonchallenge.C.Tomeethishealthtarget.D.Toraisemoneyforcharities.13.HowdidthecommunityreacttowhatGaryMcKeedid?A.Localsshowedsupportforhim. B.Thecommunitywasunderaspell(中邪).C.Someexpressedconcernsforhim. D.Theyran9,563milestogether.14.WhatdoweknowfromChris’swords?A.McKeewouldsharesportingskillsandtrickstohelpChris.B.HewasgratefulforMcKeevsencouragingimpact.C.McKee’schallengehasattractedmillionsofpeopletojoinhim.D.Fundraisingwasbroughttothecommunitytoimprovepeople’slives.15.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.McKee:RunfortheCommunity. B.McKee:BeItRainorSnow.C.McKee:AChallengeCompleted. D.McKee:InspireAlltoRun.【答案】12.D13.A14.B15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了加里·麦基为西坎布里亚郡麦克米伦癌症支持和临终关怀中心筹集资金的善行义举。【12题详解】细节理解题。由第一段“GaryMcKeeran365marathonsinasmanydaystoraisefundsforMacmillanCancerSupportandHospiceatHomeWestCumbria.(加里·麦基在365天内跑完了365场马拉松，为西坎布里亚之家的麦克米伦癌症支持和临终关怀筹集资金。)”可知，加里跑365场马拉松的目的是为慈善事业筹集资金。故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“ThesupporthasbeenamazinganditalwaysisandtheWestCumbriansgetbehindus(他们的支持非常棒，而且一直如此，西坎布里亚人支持我们)”和“Garyhasnotonlyraisedmoneyfortwofantasticcharities,buthehasalsosprinkledmagiconthelocalcommunityandbroughtpeopletogethertosupporthimwiththechallenge.(加里不仅为两个了不起的慈善机构筹集了资金，而且还为当地社区带来了魔力，并将人们聚集在一起支持他接受挑战。)”可知，对于加里做的事情，社区给予了支持。故选A。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的““GaryhassetagoodexampletomethisyearwhenIbeganrunningfrequentlywithhimandhasgivenmebothphysicalandmentalresilience(适应力)thatIdon’tknowifIwouldhaveeverdiscoveredinmyselfinamillionyears.IknowIdon’tjustspeakformyselfonthatfrontashehasinspirednotjustmeorthefew,buttheentirelocalcommunityandbeyond,”saidChris,“Thischallengehasraisedagreatamountofmoneyfortwofantasticcharities,buttheimpact(影响)Garyhasprovidedtothecommunityandpeoplearoundhimisimmeasurable.Alotofpeople’sliveswillbemuchbetteroffthankstoGary’sefforts,mineincluded.”(“加里今年给我树立了一个好榜样，当我开始经常和他一起跑步时，他给了我身体和精神上的适应力，我不知道我是否能在一百万年后在自己身上发现。我知道，在这方面，我不只是代表我自己，因为他不仅激励了我或少数人，而且激励了整个当地社区，”克里斯说，“这项挑战为两个了不起的慈善机构筹集了大量资金，但加里为社区和他周围的人提供的影响是不可估量的。由于加里的努力，很多人的生活会变得更好，包括我在内。”)”可推断，克里斯感激加里给予的鼓励性影响。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是第一段“GaryMcKeeran365marathonsinasmanydaystoraisefundsforMacmillanCancerSupportandHospiceatHomeWestCumbria.(加里·麦基在365天内跑完了365场马拉松，为西坎布里亚之家的麦克米伦癌症支持和临终关怀筹集资金。)”可知，本文讲述了53岁的英国人加里·麦基完成了一项许多人可能不敢尝试的挑战——365天跑365场马拉松，为慈善机构筹集资金，激励了社区里的其他人或邻居加入他的行列的故事。因此推断A项“麦基：为社区而跑步”故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。24SolarTerms—Frost’sDescentThetraditionalChinesesolarcalendardividestheyearinto24solarterms.Frost’sDescent(霜降),the18thsolartermoftheyear,beginsthisyearonOctober24,2023thisyearandendsonNovember7.____16____.HerearethefivethingsyoushouldknowaboutFrost’sDescent.Frostyautumn.Frostconsistsofwhiteicecrystalsoffrozenwatervapourneartheground.DuringFrost’sDescent,frostbeginstoappear.ButinthelowerreachesoftheYellowRiverregion,frostfirstappearsinlateOctoberorearlyNovember.AsFrost’sDescentcomes,____17____.____18____duringFrost’sDescent,itcanhelppeopleresistthecoldandprotecttheirbones.Inthecountryside,peoplebelievethattheirlipswillcrackiftheydon’teatpersimmons(柿子)duringthisperiod.Eatingapples.TheappleisonekindofrecommendedfruitduringFrost’sDescent.Therearemanysayingsaboutapples’benefitsinChina,suchas“Eatanappleaftermeals,evenoldmencanbeasstrongasyoungmen,”justastheWesternproverbgoes,“____19____”.Applescanmoistenthelungs,relieveone’sthirstandhelpone’sdigestion.Eatingduck.It’sacustomtoeatduckonthefirstdayofFrost’sDescentinsouthFujianprovinceandTaiwan.ThereisasayinginFujianwhichgoes,“EvennourishingallyearisnotasgoodasnourishingthehumanbodyonthefirstdayofFrost’sDescent.”Eatingduckisawayforpeopletheretogainweight.Eatingdates.ThedateisoneofthefruitsonthemarketduringFrost’sDescent.Nutritiouswithagreatnumberofvitamins,dates(大枣)cannourishtheblood,decreasebloodpressure,andimproveone’simmunity.____20____.PeopleinareassuchasDaxincountyinGuangxiZhuangautonomousregionoftencelebratethefirstdayofFrost’sDescent.IntheFrostvsDescentFestival,theZhuangpeopleoffersacrifices,danceandsingfolksongs.Withahistoryofmorethan360years,thefestivalistocommemorateCenYuyin,aheroineinbattlesagainstforeignaggression.Frost’sDescentisabigdayforalloftheChinese.A.Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.B.EatingchestnutsduringFrost’sDescentisbeneficialforone’shealthandgoodfornourishingthespleenandstomach,invigoratingthecirculationofblood,relievingcoughsandreducingsputum.C.Frost’sDescentisthelastsolartermofautumn,whentheweatherbecomescolderandfrostappears.D.ThepearisanotherrecommendedfruitduringFrost’sDescent,whichcanpromotethesecretionofbodyliquids,clearawayheatandreducesputum.E.theworldisfilledwiththeatmosphereoflateautumn.F.Eatingpersimmons.G.Buteatingtoomanycouldbeharmfulandcauseheadaches,dizzinessorevendeaths.【答案】16.C17.E18.F19.A20.G【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍中国24节气之霜降。【16题详解】上文“ThetraditionalChinesesolarcalendardividestheyearinto24solarterms.Frost’sDescent(霜降),the18thsolartermoftheyear,beginsthisyearonOctober24,2023thisyearandendsonNovember7.(中国传统的阳历将一年分为24个节气。霜降是一年中的第18个节气，今年从2023年10月24日开始，到11月7日结束)”只介绍了霜降节气的时间，C项“Frost’sDescentisthelastsolartermofautumn,whentheweatherbecomescolderandfrostappears.(霜降是秋天的最后一个节气，这时天气变冷，出现霜冻)”承接上文，补充介绍霜降在24节气中的位置和这一天的天气特征，作为全文开篇段落。故选C项。【17题详解】上文“AsFrost’sDescentcomes,(当霜降来临)”是时间状语从句，E项“theworldisfilledwiththeatmosphereoflateautumn.(世界充满了深秋的气氛)”是主句，说明霜降来临时的天气特征，同时E项是所有选项中唯一首字母小写的句子，可与上文构成主从复合句。故选E项。【18题详解】设空句是段首小标题。根据下文“duringFrost’sDescent,itcanhelppeopleresistthecoldandprotecttheirbones.Inthecountryside,peoplebelievethattheirlipswillcrackiftheydon’teatpersimmons(柿子)duringthisperiod.(在霜降期间，它可以帮助人们抵御寒冷，保护骨骼。在农村，人们认为如果在这段时间不吃柿子，他们的嘴唇会开裂)”可知，本段讲的是霜降吃柿子的习俗，故F项“Eatingpersimmons.(吃柿子)”是最佳小标题。故选F项。【19题详解】根据上文“Therearemanysayingsaboutapples’benefitsinChina,suchas“Eatanappleaftermeals,evenoldmencanbeasstrongasyoungmen,”justastheWesternproverbgoes(在中国有很多关于苹果的好处的说法，比如“饭后吃一个苹果，老人也能像年轻人一样强壮”，正如西方谚语所说的那样)”可知，设空句中是关于吃苹果的好处的西方谚语，结合常识，西方谚语A项“Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.(一天一苹果，医生远离我)”是最佳选项。故选A项。【20题详解】上文“Nutritiouswithagreatnumberofvitamins,dates(大枣)cannourishtheblood,decreasebloodpressure,andimproveone’simmunity.(大枣营养丰富，含有大量的维生素，可以滋养血液，降低血压，提高免疫力)”说明吃大枣的好处，G项“Buteatingtoomanycouldbeharmfulandcauseheadaches,dizzinessorevendeaths.(但吃太多可能有害，会导致头痛、头晕甚至死亡)”与上文构成转折关系，告诫我们过量食用大枣可能带来的危害，上下文语意连贯。故选G项。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。China’s17-year-oldLiuQingyididsoexcellentlythatshewonthechampionintheHuangzhou19thAsianGames,2023andmadeittothenextsummerOlympics.NowtheyoungLiuQingyiisonestepclosertoher____21____atParis2024SummerOlympicGamesasthestreetdancerwona____22____medalintheBreakingforGoldWorldSeriesin2023,thefirstOlympicpointseventinbreakdancing(霹雳舞)thisyear.Liuwonthegoldmedalby____23____Japan’shomefavoriteandworldchampionAmiYuasainatensefinal.“Duringthepastwinterseason,Ihave____24____someChineseelementsinmyperformance,”Liutoldreportersafterthewin,notingshehadspentnearlythreemonthsforthe____25____.Speakingofher____26____ofdefeatingthedefendingworldchampion,Liu____27____beingproud.“It’seitherwinorlosewhenyouentera____28____.Nobodycouldwin____29____”,Liusaid.“IamhappytowinandIamalsohereto____30____andcommunicate.”Withbreakdancingbecomingan____31____sportatthe2024ParisOlympics,itisbecomingmorewidelyknownandgivingmoredancersthechancetoturntheirhobbyintoacareer.Itisthroughdancingthatsheovercameher____32____nature.“Beforebreaking,ifIdidn’tknowsomeone,Icouldn’teventalktothem.”Nowshebelievesthatdancingwillbeher____33____career.“Dancingrepresentsthe____34____ofart.Iwillneverstop____35____,”Liusaid.21.A.campus B.dream C.panic D.band22A.badminton B.drama C.challenge D.gold23.A.defeating B.winning C.helping D.understanding24.A.seen B.abandoned C.added D.known25.A.election B.exam C.medal D.event26.A.achievement B.impression C.collection D.description27.A.rejects B.organizes C.accepts D.respects28.A.moment B.room C.competition D.meeting29.A.forward B.actually C.rather D.forever30.A.focus B.assume C.learn D.admire31.A.ordinary B.official C.especial D.exceptional32.A.mild B.shy C.curious D.calm33.A.life-making B.breath-taking C.term-long D.life-long34.A.pursuit B.appreciation C.form D.relief35.A.suiting B.aiming C.exploring D.observing【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.C26.A27.A28.C29.D30.C31.B32.B33.D34.A35.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国霹雳舞女孩刘清漪在杭州举行的第19届亚运会上赢得了第一枚女子霹雳舞金牌的故事。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，年轻的刘清漪离她的梦想又近了一步——2024年巴黎夏季奥运会，这位街舞选手在2023年霹雳舞世界系列赛中获得金牌，这是今年霹雳舞的首个奥运积分项目。A.campus校园；B.dream梦想；C.panic恐慌；D.band乐队。根据上文“China’s17-year-oldLiuQingyididsoexcellentlythatshewonthechampionintheHuangzhou19thAsianGames,2023andmadeittothenextsummerOlympics.(中国17岁的刘清漪表现出色，在2023年黄州第19届亚运会上获得冠军，并参加了下一届夏季奥运会)”此处指她离自己参加2024年巴黎夏季奥运会的梦想更近一步，故选B。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，年轻的刘清漪离她的梦想又近了一步——2024年巴黎夏季奥运会，这位街舞选手在2023年霹雳舞世界系列赛中获得金牌，这是今年霹雳舞的首个奥运积分项目。A.badminton羽毛球；B.drama戏剧；C.challenge挑战；D.gold金子。根据后文“Liuwonthegoldmedal”可知，她获得了金牌。故选D。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在紧张的决赛中，刘清漪击败了日本本土热门选手、世界冠军汤浅亚美，获得金牌。A.defeating打败；B.winning获胜；C.helping帮助；D.understanding理解。根据上文“Liuwonthegoldmedal”和下文“defeatingthedefendingworldchampion”获得金牌意味着击败了其他选手。故选A。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“在过去的冬季，我在我的表演中加入了一些中国元素，”刘清漪在获奖后告诉记者，并指出她花了近三个月的时间才获得奖牌。A.seen看见；B.abandoned抛弃；C.added增加；D.known知道。根据后文“someChineseelementsinmyperformance”指她在表演中加入中国元素。故选C。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“在过去的冬季，我在我的表演中加入了一些中国元素，”刘在获奖后告诉记者，并指出她花了近三个月的时间才获得奖牌。A.election选举；B.exam考试；C.medal奖牌；D.event事件。呼应上文“Liuwonthegoldmedal”指花费近三个月的时间才获得奖牌。故选C。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：谈到击败卫冕世界冠军的成就，刘清漪拒绝骄傲。A.achievement成就；B.impression印象；C.collection收集；D.description描述。根据后文“ofdefeatingthedefendingworldchampion”指击败卫冕世界冠军的成就。故选A。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：谈到击败卫冕世界冠军的成就，刘清漪拒绝骄傲。A.rejects拒绝；B.organizes组织；C