2024年职称英语等级考试试题及答案-理工类B级

2024年职称英语等级考试试题及答案-理工类B级第一局部：词汇选项〔第1—15题，每题1分，共15分〕下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线局部意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。1.Thehigh-speedtrainscanhaveamajorimpactontravelpreferences.AforceBinfluenceCsurpriseDpower2.Canyoufollowtheplot?AchangeBinvestigateCwriteDunderstand3.Eveninahighlymodernizedcountry,manualworkisstillneeded.AphysicalBmentalCnaturalDhard4.Inthelattercasetheoutcomecanbeseriousindeed.AresultBjudgmentCdecisionDevent5.NormanBlameyisanartistofdeepconvictions.AstatementsBbeliefsCsuggestionsDclaims6.Uptonow,theworkhasbeeneasy.ASoBSolongCSothatDSofar7.Thereportadvocatedsettingupdaytrainingcolleges.AsupposedBexcitedCsuggestedDdiscussed8.Accordingly,anumberofothermethodshavebeenemployed.AThereforeBAfterwardsCHoweverDFurthermore9.Theoutlookfromthetopofthemountainisbreathtaking.AviewBsightClookDpoint10.Ourlivesareintimatelyboundupwiththeirs.AtenselyBnearlyCcarefullyDclosely11.Theunionrepresentativeputacrossherargumentveryeffectively.AexplainedBinventedCconsideredDaccepted12.Hetalkstoughbuthasatenderheart.AheavyBstrongCkindDwild13.Itisnousedebatingtherelativemeritsofthispolicy.AmakingBtakingCdiscussingDexpecting14.Ourstatisticsshowthatweconsumeallthatwearecapableofproducing.AwasteBbuyCuseDsell15.Thefueltankshadacapacityof140liters.AfunctionBabilityCpowerDvolume第2局部：阅读判断〔第16—22题，每题1分，共7分〕阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。TheThreattoKiribatiThepeopleofKiribatiareafraidthatonedayinthenot-too-distantfuture,theircountrywilldisappearfromthefaceoftheearth-literally.Severaltimesthisyear,thePacificislandnationhasbeenfloodedbyasuddenhightide.Thesetides,whichsweptacrosstheislandanddestroyedhouses,camewhentherewasneitherwindnorrain.“Thisneverhappenedbefore,〞saytheoldercitizensofKiribati.Whatiscausingthesemysterioushightides?Theanswermaywellbeglobalwarming.Whenfuelslikeoilandcoalarebeingburned,pollutants(污染物)arereleased;thesepollutantstrapheatintheearth’satmosphere.Warmertemperaturescausewatertoexpandandalsocreatemorewaterbymeltingglaciers(冰川)andpolar(极地的)icecaps.Ifthetrendcontinues,scientistssay,manycountrieswillsuffer,Bangladesh,forexample,mightloseone-fifthofitsland.Thecoral(珊瑚)islandnationsofthePacific,likeKiribatiandtheMarshallIslands,however,wouldfaceanevenworsefate–theywouldbeswallowedbythesea.Thelossofthesecoralislandswouldbeeveryone’sloss.Coralformationsarehometomorespeciesthananyotherplaceonearth.Thepeopleofthesenationsfeelfrustrated.Thesea,onwhichtheireconomieshavealwaysbeenbased,issuddenlythreateningtheirexistence.Theydon’thavethemoneyforexpensivetechnologicalsolutionslikeseawalls.Andtheyhavenocontroloverthepollutants,whicharebeingreleasedmainlybyactivitiesinlargeindustrializedcountries.Alltheycandoistohopethatindustrializedcountrieswilltakestepstoreducepollution.16.ThepeopleofKiribatiworrythatonedaytheircountrywillbetakenawaybyasuddenhightide.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned17.HightidesusedtoattackKiribatiwhentherewasstrongwindorheavyrain.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned18.Theheatreleasedbyburningoilandcoalisthedirectcauseofglobalwarming.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned19.Scientistsarenotsurehowserioustheeffectsofglobalwarmingwillbe.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned20.ThecoralislandnationsofthePacifichavealonghistoryofcivilization.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned21.Thepeopleofthecoralislandnationsareunabletodoanythingsubstantialabouttheproblemofglobalwarming.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned22.Someindustrializedcountriesareunwillingtospendmoneyinreducingpollution.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned第3局部：概括大意与完成句子〔第23—30题，每题1分，共8分〕阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：〔1〕第23—26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2、3、5和6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；〔2〕第27—30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。Robots1Themostsophisticated(先进的)Japaneserobots,whichhavevisionsystemsandworkatveryhighspeeds,arestillbasedonAmericandesigns.Studiesofrobots,particularlycomputercontrolsoftware,areconsideredtobegenerallylessadvancedinJapanthaninAmericaorEurope.2Althoughindustrialrobotswereoriginallydevelopedasdevicesforsimplyhandlingobjects,todaytheircommonestusesareformoreskilledworklikewelding(焊接),spray-paintingandassemblingcomponents.3InBritain,robotsalesappropriatelypeakedin1984,buthavebeendecliningeversince.ThisispartlybecauseBritishwageratesaretoolowtomakerobotsfinanciallyattractiveandpartlybecauseengineersnowhavemoreexperiencewithrobotsandaremoreawareofthedifficultiesofintroducingthemeffectively.4Ithasbeencalculatedthatarobotusesonaverageabout100timesmoreenergythanahumantodoanequivalentjob.5Itisestimatedthat20%ofallcomicbookheroesinJapanarerobots.ThisisanenormousnumberbecausecomicsaresopopularthattheymakeupathirdofallmaterialpublishedinJapan.6ThereliabilityofrobotsismeasuredintheirM.T.B.F.ormeantimebetweenfailures.Thishasrisenfromabout250hoursinthemid-1970stoabout10,000hourstoday(equivalenttoworking18hoursadayfortwoyears.)Onewayrobotmanufacturershaveincreasedreliabilityistotesteverysinglecomponenttheybuy,insteadofthenormalprocedureofjusttestingasmallsample.7ThebiggestsinglebenefitofintroducingrobotsclaimedbyJapanesecompaniesisthattheyincreasequalitycontrol.Onceprogrammed,therobotscanworkmoreaccuratelyandconsistentlythanhumans,whocangettiredandbored.AOngoingResearchBExtensionofUseCRobotHeroesDGreaterReliabilityEFallingDemandFHiddenDanger23.Paragraph2_____________24.Paragraph3_____________25.Paragraph5_____________26.Paragraph6_____________27.EventhemostsophisticatedJapaneserobotsare__________.28.RobotsarelesspopularinBritaintodaypartlybecause________.29.Onedisadvantageofusingrobotsisthattheyconsume___________.30.Theuseofrobotsincreases___________.AtoomuchenergyBbasedonAmericandesignsCtheyaretoocostlyDtheyarenotreliableEqualitycontrolFfreeofcharge第4局部：阅读理解〔第31—45题，每题3分，共45分〕下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最正确答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。第一篇NewFoodsandtheNewWorldInthelast500years,nothingaboutpeople–nottheirclothes,ideas,orlanguages–haschangedasmuchaswhattheyeat.Theoriginalchocolatedrinkwasmadefromtheseedsofthecocatree(可可树)bySouthAmericanIndians.TheSpanishintroducedittotherestoftheworldduringthe1500’s.Andalthoughitwasveryexpensive,itquicklybecamefashionable.InLondon,shopswherechocolatedrinkswereservedbecameimportantmeetingplaces.Somestillexisttoday.ThepotatoisalsofromtheNewWorld.Around1600,theSpanishbroughtitfromPerutoEurope,whereitsoonwaswidelygrown.IrelandbecamesodependentonitthatthousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedwhenthecropfailedduringthe“PotatoFamine(饥荒)〞of1845-1846,andthousandsmorewereforcedtoleavetheirhomelandandmovetoAmerica.TherearemanyotherfoodsthathavetraveledfromSouthAmericatotheOldWorld.Butsomeotherswentintheoppositedirection.Brazilisnowtheworld’slargestgrowerofcoffee,andcoffeeisanimportantcropinColombiaandotherSouthAmericancountries.ButitisnativetoEthiopia,acountryinAfrica.ItwasfirstmadeintoadrinkbyArabduringthe1400’s.AccordingtoanArabiclegend,coffeewasdiscoveredwhenapersonnameKaldinoticedthathisgoatswereattractedtotheredberriesonacoffeebush.Hetriedoneandexperiencedthe“wide-awake〞feelingthatone-thirdoftheworld’spopulationnowstartsthedaywith.31.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowinghaschangedthemostinthelast500years?A.FoodB.ClothingC.Ideology.D.Language.32.“Some〞inthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphreferstoA.somecocoatrees.B.somechocolatedrinks.C.someshops.D.somesouthamericanindians.33.ThousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedduringthe“PotatoFamine〞becauseA.theyweresodependentonpotatoesthattheyrefusedtoeatanythingelse.B.theywereforcedtoleavetheirhomelandandmovetoamerica.C.theweatherconditionsinirelandwerenotsuitableforgrowingpotatoes.D.thepotatoharvestwasbad.34.Whichcountryisthelargestcoffeeproducer?A.Brazil.B.Colombia.C.Ethiopia.D.Egypt.35.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue,accordingtothepassage?A.Onethirdoftheworld’spopulationdrinkscoffee.B.CoffeeisnativetoColombia.C.Coffeecankeeponeawake.D.CoffeedrinkswerefirstmadebyArabs.第二篇PleaseFastenYourSeatbeltsSevereturbulence(湍流)cankillaircraftpassengers.Now,intestflightsovertheRockyMountains,NASA(美国航空航天局)engineershavesuccessfullydetectedclear-airturbulenceupto10secondsbeforeanaircrafthitsit.Clear-airturbulenceoftencatchespilotsbysurprise.Invisibletoradar,itisdifficulttoforecastandcanhurl(用力抛出去)passengersaboutthecabin.InDecember1997,onepassengerdiedandahundredotherswereinjuredwhenunexpectedroughaircausedaUnitedAirlinesflightoverthePacifictodrop300metresinafewseconds.However,passengerscanavoidseriousinjurybyfasteningtheirseatbelts.“Itistheonlyantidote(对策)forthissortofthings,〞saysRodBogue,projectmanageratNASA’sDrydenFlightResearchCenterinEdwards,California.Thecentre’snewturbulencedetectorisbasedonlidar,orlaserradar,Laserpulsesaresentaheadoftheplaneandthesearethenreflectedbackbyparticlesintheair.ThetechniquedependsontheDopplereffect.Thewavelengthofthelightshiftsaccordingtothespeedatwhichtheparticlesareapproaching.Incalmair,thespeedequalstheplane’sairspeed.Butastheparticlesswirl(打漩)inroughair,theirspeedofapproachincreasesordecreasesrapidly.Therateofchangeinspeedcorrespondstotheseverity(剧烈程度)oftheturbulence.Inaseriesofteststhatbeganlastmonth,aresearchjetflewrepeatedlyintodisturbedairoverthemountainridges(山脉)nearPueblo,Colorado.Thelidardetectorspottedturbulencebetween3and8kilometresahead,anditsforecastsofstrengthanddurationcorrespondedcloselywiththeturbulencethattheplaneencountered.Boguesaysthathehad“acomfortableamountoftime〞tofastenhisseatbelt.Theresearchersareplanningtoimprovethelidar’srangewithamorepowerfulbeam.Thesystemcouldbeinstalledoncommercialaircraftinthenextfewyears.36.Whatdoes“clear-airturbulence〞probablymean?(Paragraph1)AAnotveryroughstorm.BUnexpecteddisturbedair.CAkindofvisiblestorm.DAstormovermountainridges.37.InDecember1997,aUnitedAirlinesflighthitunexpectedroughair,Acausingalotofdamagetotheplane.Bthrowingitspassengersoutofthecabin.Cresultinginheavycasualties.Dforcingthepilottomakeanemergencylanding.38.TheturbulencedetectorcantelltheseverityoftheturbulencebymeasuringAthespeedoftheplane.Bthespeedofthelight.Cthenumberofparticlesintheair.Dthechangesoftheparticles’speed.39.WecaninferfromthefifthparagraphthatAthelidardetectorcansuccessfullyforecastturbulence.Bresearchersarenotsureabouttheeffectivenessofthelidardetector.Cpassengerplaneswillbeusedinfurtherexperiments.Dnomoretestflightsareneeded.40.Thelastparagraphtellsus,amongotherthings,thatAthelidardetectorneedsimprovement.Bmanyairlinesareinterestedinthesystem.Cpassengersoftenforgettofastentheirseatbelts.Dthelidardetectorcanbeusedinawiderangeofareas.第三篇“Salty〞RicePlantBoostsHarvestsBritishscientistsarebreedinganewgenerationofriceplantsthatwillbeabletogrowinsoilcontainingsaltwater.Theirworkmayenableabandonedfarmstobecomeproductiveoncemore.TimFlowersandTonyYeo,fromSussexUniversity’sSchoolofThepairhaverecentlybegunathree-yearprogramme,fundedbytheBiotechnologyandBiologicalSciencesResearchCouncil,toestablishwhichgenesenablesomeplantstosurvivesaltyconditions.Theaimistobreedthiscapabilityintocrops,startingwithrice.Itisestimatedthateachyearmorethan100hectares(公顷)ofagriculturallandarelostbecausesaltgetsintothesoilandstunts(阻碍生长)plants.Theproblemiscausedbyseveralfactors.Inthetropics,mangroves(红树林)thatcreateswamps(沼泽)andtraditionallyformedbarrierstoseawaterhavebeencutdown.IntheMediterranean,aseriesofdroughtshavecausedthewatertabletodrop,allowingseawatertoseep(渗透)in.inLatinAmerica,irrigationoftencausesproblemswhenwaterisevaporated(蒸发)bytheheat,leavingsaltdepositsbehind.Excesssaltthenenterstheplantsandpreventsthemfunctioningnormally.Heavyconcentrationsofmineralsintheplantsstopthemdrawingupthewatertheyneedtosurvive.Toovercometheseproblems,FlowersandYeodecidedtobreedriceplantsthattakeinverylittlesaltandstorewhattheydoabsorbincellsthatdonotaffecttheplants’growth.Theyhavestartedtobreedthesecharacteristicsintoanewricecrop,butitwilltakeabouteightharvestsbeforetheresultingseedsarereadytobeconsideredforcommercialuse.Oncethecharacteristicsforsurvivingsaltysoilareknown,FlowersandYeowilltrytobreedtheappropriategenesintoallmannersofcropsandplants.Landthathasbeenabandonedtonaturewillthenbeabletobloomagain,providingmuchneededfoodinthepoorercountriesoftheworld.41WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutFlowersandYeoistrue?ATheyarestudentsatSussexBTheyarericebreeders.CTheyarehusbandandwifeDTheyarecolleaguesataninstitutionofhigherlearning.42FlowersandYeohavestartedaprogrammeAtofindwaystopreventwaterpollution.Btoidentifygenesthatpromotegrowthinsaltysoil.Ctobreedriceplantsthattastesalty.Dtofindwaystoremoveexcessivesaltfromsoil.43WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacauseoftheproblemdiscussedinthepassage?ANaturalbarrierstoseawaterhavebeendestroyed.BThewatertablehasgonedownafterdroughts.CSealevelhasbeencontinuouslyrising.DEvaporationofwaterleavessaltbehind.44Theword“affect〞inParagraph6couldbebestreplacedbyA“influence〞B“effect〞C“stop〞D“present〞45TheattitudeoftheauthortowardstheresearchprojectisApositiveBnegative.CsuspiciousDindifferent.第5局部：补全短文〔第46—50题，每题2分，共10分〕阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。LookingintotheFutureBertrandRussell,afamousphilosopher,saidin1944,“Theonethingthestudyofthepastteachesusisthatthefutureisneverhowpeopleimagineitwillbe.〞In1946,physicistspredictedthatwithintwentyyears,mostoftheworld’senergywouldbesuppliedbynuclearpower.__________(46)In1951,afamoussurgeonsaidthatheandhiscolleagueswereconfidentthat“bytheendofthe1950s,acureformostifnotallcancerswillhavebeenfound.〞In1954,anAmericaneconomistpredictedAmericanswouldgoongettingricherandricher.___________(47).Intheyear1969,anautomationengineerworkingforMaxFactorCosmeticsinBritainsaidthat“withintwentyortwenty-fiveyearsfactoriesthattodayemployhundredsofworkerswillneedonlyfiveortencomputertechnicianstorunthem.〞_____________(48).Intheearly1970s,thereweremanypredictionsthatbeforetheendofthecenturymosthomesintheUnitedStates,EuropeandJapanwouldhavecomputersinthem.___________(49)Longbefore1980,itwaspredictedthatinsteadoflettingnatureandluckchoosetheirchildren’scharacteristics,peoplewouldhavetodecidewhichcharacteristicstheywantedtheirchildrentoinheritfromthemandpreviousgenerationsintheirfamilies.____________(50)Wemaybeabletohave“undesirable〞characteristicschangedordestroyedthroughgenetictherapy.PerhapswemayevenbegintowishthatBertrandRussellwasrightwhenhesaidthathistoryteachesusthatthefutureisneverlikethatfutureweimagine.A“Bytheendofthecentury,〞hesaid,“therewillbenopovertyanywhereinthecountry.〞BIfthispredictioncomestrue,wewillbefacedwithamuchgreaterresponsibilitythaneverbefore.CAccordingtothesamepredictions,thiswouldresultin“aninformationexplosion〞aswellas“radicalandrevolutionarychangesinthewaywework,learn,anddobusiness.〞DWhenthispredictioncametrue,morepeoplewouldbekilledthaneverbefore.ETheywerecertainthatthiswouldnotonlybe“farcleanerthancoalandotherfossilfuelsbutfarsaferandmuchcheaper.〞FHeaddedthatthis“willleadtoenormoussocialproblemsforunskilledmanualworkersinparticular,whowillbeunabletofindwork.〞第6局部：完形填空〔第51—65题，每题1分，共15分〕阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最正确答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。TheAmericanFamilyIntheAmericanfamilythehusbandandwifeusuallyshareimportantdecisionmaking.Whenthechildrenare___________(51)enough,theytakepartaswell.Foreignersareoftensurprisedbythepermissiveness(宽容)ofAmericanparents.Theoldrulethat“childrenshouldbeseenandnotheard〞israrely_______(52),andchildrenareoftenallowedtodo____________(53)theywishwithoutstrictcontroloftheirparents.Thefatherseldomexpectshischildrentolistentohim__________(54)question,andchildrenareencouragedtobe______________(55)atanearlyage.SomepeoplebelievethatAmerican