2024年职称英语考试综合类B级试题及参考答案

2024年职称英语考试综合类B级试题及参考答案第一局部：词汇选项〔第1~15题，每题1分，共15分〕下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号局部确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1.Allthewallsinthebuildinghadthesamelayout.A.sizeB.functionC.colorD.arrangment答案：D2.Thestormcausedseveredamage.A.physicalB.accidentalC.seriousD.enviromental答案：C3.Thewallsaremadeofhollowconcretblocks.A.bigB.emptyC.longD.new答案：B4.Ouraimwastoupdatethehealthserviceandwesucceeded.A.offerB.provideC.modernizeD.fund答案：C5.Dowehavetowearthesenametags?A.listsB.formsC.lablesD.codes答案：C6.Joecametothewindowasthecrowdchanted〞Joe,Joe,Joe〞A.repeatedB.jumpedC.maintainedD.approached答案：A7.Heinspiredmanyyoungpeopletotakeupsports.A.encouragedB.allowedC.calledD.advised答案：A8.Thecitycenterwaswipedoutbythebomb.A.coveredB.reducedC.destroyedD.moved答案：C9.Mostbabycantakeinawiderangeoffoodeasily.A.bringB.digestC.keepD.serve答案：B10.AlargcrowdassembledoutsidetheAmericanembassy.A.watchedB.shoutedC.gatheredD.walked答案：C11.Theweatherwascrispandclearandyoucouldseethemountainsfiftymilesaway.A.freshB.hotC.heavyD.windy答案：A12.Whatpuzzlesmeiswhyhisbooksaresopopular.A.shocksB.influencesC.confusesD.concerns答案：C13.Ithink$7adrinkisabitsteep,don’tyou?A.tightB.lowC.cheapD.high答案：D14.Thecontempthefeltforhisfellowstudentswasobvious.A.needB.hateC.loveD.pity答案：D15.Hercommentsaboutmenareutterlyridiculous.A.slightlyB.partlyC.faintlyD.completely答案：D第二局部：阅读判断〔第16~22题，每题1分，共7分〕下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。BrotherlyLove1.Adidasandpumabegantomakeshoesattheendof19thcentury.Wrong2.Thebrothers’fatherwasaballmaker.Wrong3.Thebrothersmakeshoesathome.Right4.Thebrothersarguedabouttheshoes.Wrong5.Thebrothersdecidedtostarttheirseparatecompaniesafterargument.Right6.NikemakesmoreshoesthanAdidas.Notmentioned7.Peopleintownhaveforgottentheirargument.Wrong第三局部：概括大意和完成句子〔第23~30题，每题1分，共8分〕下面的短文后有2项测试任务：〔1〕第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；〔2〕第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最正确选项。Howtechnologypushesdownprice(原文有删减)TheTreatyofBreda,signedin1667afterawarbetweentheEnglishandDutchinwhichtheEnglishwereworsted,gavetheDutchthebigprize:Run,asmallislandintheIndonesianarchipelagowhichwastheworld'sprincipalsourceofnutmeg.Themarginonnutmegatthetimewasaround3,200%.TheEnglish,asaconsolationprize,gotManhattan.Asanillustrationofthelong-termfallinfoodpricescomparedwithothergoods,thatisasharpone.Butdeflationhascharacterizedthefoodbusinessforcenturies,becauseofcontinualadvancesinfoodproductionanddistributiontechnology.Consumershavebenefitedgreatlyfromthoseadvances.Malthusians,whosedescendantsuntilquiterecentlypredictedthattheworldwouldrunoutoffood,havetherebybeenconfounded.Moreandmorefoodisbeingproducedbyfewerandfewerpeoplewithlessandlesscapital;itisthereforeevermoreplentifulandcheaper.Sincedemandistosomeextentlimitedbythesizeofpeople'sstomachs,spendingonfoodcomparedwithothergoodshasbeenfallingformanyyears,andcontinuestodrop(seechart4).Geneticallymodified(GM)seedsarethelatestmanifestationofaproductionrevolutionthatstartedwithCharles“Turnip〞Townsend,whointhe18thcenturylaidthebasisforcroprotation.Organicfertiliserswerereplacedbychemicalonesinthe19thcentury.TherailwayopeneduptheAmericanmid-west.Thehorsereplacedthecow,thecombineharvesterthehorse.Afterthesecondworldwar,dwarfvarietiesofwheatandrice(whichovercametheproblemthatheavilyfertilisedcropsinhotcountriesgrewtootallandfellover)boosteddeveloping-countryoutput.The“greenrevolution〞helpedtriggeramorerecent“livestockrevolution〞,documentedbyChrisDelgado,whoworksjointlyfortheInternationalFoodPolicyResearchInstituteandtheInternationalLivestockResearchInstitute.Higherincomesandurbanisation,combinedwithfallingfoodprices,haveboostedmeatandmilkconsumptionindevelopingcountries.By1997,realbeefpriceswereathirdtheirlevelin1971.Overthatperiod,meatconsumptionindevelopingcountriesrosefive-fold,threetimesasfastasindevelopedcountries.Milkconsumptionrosethree-fold.Bythe1980s,advancesinconventionalplantbreedinghadtailedoff,butGMmadeitpossibletodothingswithDNAthatconventionalbreedingcouldnotdo.DespitescaremongeringinEurope,GMtechnologyisspreadingelsewhere:mostoftheworld'ssoyaisnowGM.Producinglotsoffoodisnotmuchgoodunlessyoucandistributeit,soadvancesindistributiontechnologyhavebeenasimportantasthoseinproductiontechnology.Salt,usedtopreservefood,whichmeantthatitcouldbestoredandtraded,wasanearlyaidtodistribution.Canningarrivedintheearly19thcentury,whenaFrenchmandiscoveredthatfoodcouldbestoredlongerifitwasheatedbeforeitwasbottled,andaBritonworkedoutthattincanswereeasiertotransportthanbottles;andboththeBritishandtheFrencharmiesusedthetechnologytofeedtheirtroopsintheNapoleonicwars.FrancisBacon,aBritishscientistandessayist,wasanearlyvictimofthestruggletodeveloprefrigerationtechnology:hediedin1626aftereatingsomechickenthathehadstuffedwithsnowaspartofanexperiment.In1877thefirstshiploadoffrozenbeefwascarriedfromArgentinatoFrance.Theimpactonthefoodindustryofthespreadofthedomesticrefrigeratorinthe20thcenturywasrivalledonlybythatofthecar,whichchangedthefaceofretailingbyallowingsupermarketstodevelop.Supermarketshavehelpedpushdownpricesprincipallybecauseoftheirscale.BigbusinessescaninvestinITsystemsthatmakethemefficient.Andtheirsizeallowsthemtobuyinbulk.Themoreconcentratedtheretailbusinessbecomes,thebiggersupermarketsget,thefurtherpricesgetpusheddownuntil,ofcourse,thereissomuchconcentrationthatthereisnotenoughcompetition.Britain'sCompetitionCommissionindicatedearlierthisyearthatthesupermarketindustrywasmovingtowardsthatpoint:itrefusedtoletanyofthetopthreesupermarketchainsbuyoneofthesmallerplayers.InAmerica,however,wherethesizeofthecountrymeansamorefragmentedretailbusiness,thereisstillscopeforfurtherconcentration:the“blackdeath〞,asWal-Martisknowninthetrade,isexpectedtoclaimmorevictims.Wal-Mart'sscale,theefficiencyofitsITsystemsandthecheapnessofitsnon-unionisedlabourforce($8-10anhourcomparedwith$17-18formid-sizedplayerssuchasAlbertsons,Ahold,SafewayandKroger),giveitamassiveadvantage.ItsellsColgatetoothpasteforanaverageof63%ofitscompetitors'price,Tropicanaorangejuicefor58%andKellogg'sCornFlakesfor56%.Analystsexpectatleastoneofthemid-sizedfirmstodisappear.Theconcentrationofpoweramongretailershasledtoanotherstageintheshiftinpowerdownthefoodchain.Onceuponatime,powerlaywithlandlords.Inthe20thcentury,asprocessinganddistributionbecamemoreimportant,sodidthefoodproducers.LordHaskins,TonyBlair'sadviseronfarming,recallsgoingtofoodindustryconferencesinthe1970s,whentherewouldbealineofRolls-Roycesoutside,allbelongingtoproducers.Retailerconcentrationhasshiftedpower(andprofits)furtherdownthefoodchainNolonger.Retailerconcentrationhasshiftedpower(andprofits)furtherdownthefoodchain.Buttheretailersarenotthetypetoswankaroundinflashcars.Theyareostentatiouslyparsimonious,advertisingtheirdeterminationtokeeppricesdown.Wal-Mart'sheadquartersinBentonville,Arkansas,isinaconvertedwarehouse.Tesco,Britain'sbiggestprivate-sectoremployer,hasitsheadquartersinaStalinistbunkerinanastybitofnorth-eastLondon.Besidethemainreceptionitssharepriceisproudlydisplayedononeofthoseblackboardswithwhiteplasticlettersstuckontoitthatyouseeinthecheapestsandwichbars.Oneofthemanifestationsofretailers'power(whichalsoreinforcesit)isthegrowthofprivate-label(ie,supermarket-notproducer-branded)goods.In2024,accordingtotheBostonConsultingGroup,own-labelmadeup39%ofgrocerysalesinBritain,21%inFranceandonly16%intheUnitedStates,buteverybodythinksthat,asretailingbecomesmoreconcentrated,AmericaisgoingthewayofGivingpeoplebiggerportionsisaneasywayofmakingthemfeeltheyhavegotabetterdealFoodcompaniescertainlythinkgivingpeoplemorefoodfortheirmoneymakesthembuymore.Thatiswhyportionshavebeengettinglargerandlarger.InAmerica,softdrinks,whichusedtocomein8ozandthen12ozcontainersnowcomein20ozones.AsDennisLombardiofTechnomic,afood-industryconsultancyinChicago,pointsout,givingpeoplebiggerportionsisaneasywayofmakingthemfeeltheyhavegotabetterdeal.“IfIcangiveyouan8ozportionfor$7,Icangiveyoua12ozportionfor$8.Theonlyincrementalcosttomeisthefood,whichprobablycost25cents.〞Everybody,therefore,hasdoneit.Scientistshaveshownthatportionsizepartlydetermineshowmuchpeopleeat.BarbaraRolls,anutritionprofessoratPennsylvania23.Paragraph124.Paragraph225.Paragraph326.Paragraph4A.HugeretailersforceproducerstocuntcostsB.ConsumerslikesupermarketsC.TechnologyhelpsreducefoodpricesD.FoodcomescheaperinlargerportionsE.ChainstoresprovidebetterserviceF.Biggersupermarketsofferlowerprices27.Bigsupermarketscanofferfoodatlowerpricesbecausetheycanbuyin___28.Somefoodproducershavereduced___29.Besidescuttingitsworkforce,Unileveralsoabandonedits___30.Buyerslikebiggerportionbecausetheythinktheyhavegot___A.theirworkforceB.hugeportionsC.largequantitiesD.theirmoneyE.agoodbargingF.minorbrands答案：23．Ctechnologyhelpsreducefoodprices24.Fbiggersupermarketsofferlowerprices25.A.Hugeretailersforceproducerstocutcosts26．D．foodcomescheaperinlargerportions27.Bigsupermarketscanofferfoodatlowerpricesbecausetheycanbuy___.答案为C:inbulk=inlargequantities28.Someforcedproducershavereduced___答案为F。minorbrands29．Besidescuttingitscost,Unileveralsoabandonedits____答案为A.theirworkforce30．Buyerslikebigportionsbecausetheythinktheyhavegot___.答案为E。agoodbargain=abetterdeal第四局部：阅读理解〔第31~45题，每题3分，共45分〕下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最正确选项。第一篇OseolaMarcaty31.Thiswomanshockedandinspiredtheworldbecause______.A.shehadmanagedtosavesomuchmoneyB.shegavehermoneytoAfricanAmericansC.shegaveherlifesavingstohelpothersthroughuniversityD.sheonlyspentmoneyoncheapthings答案：C32.Shemanagedtosavesomuchmoneybecause______.A.shehadironedandwashedclothesallherlifeB.shehadworkedhard,savedhardandinvestedcarefullyC.shehadopenedagoodbankaccountD.sheknewhowtomakemoney答案：B33.Shegavehermoneyawaybecause______.A.shewantedtohelptheuniversityB.shewantedotherstohavethechancetobecomenursesC.shewantedotherstohavetheopportunitytoescapeahardlifeD.shewanttoberememberedafterherdeath答案：C34.Whenhergenerositywasmade______.A.peopledonatedbillionsB.hundredsofstudentsgotscholarshipsC.hundredsofpeopleputmoneyintothefundD.shewassenttouniversity答案：C35.Marcarty’sgenerosityindicatesclearlythatA.scholarshipfundsarepopularinUSB.Kind-heartedpeopledeservesdoctoratesC.SelflessnessexistsinhumansocietyD.Poorpeoplecandonateasmuchasrichpeople答案：C第二篇FromPonzitoMadoff36.Forevery＄100PonzipromisestopaypeopleA．＄5ayearB．＄40ayearC．＄20ayearD．＄100ayear答案：B37.WhatdidPonzidowiththemoneypeoplegavehim?A．Hespentitallonthingsforhimself.B．Heusedsomeofittopayotherpeople.C．Hedepositeditallinabank.D．Hekeptitalltosaveforagoodplan.答案：B38.WhatwasPonzi’scrime？A．Hekeptalotofotherpeoples’moneyforhimself.B．Herobbedthebanksofmillionsofdollars.C．Hegavepeoplemorethanbankallowed.D．Hecouldn’tpaypeopletheinterests.答案：A39.HowlongdidMadoff’stricklastsA．Fouryears.B．Fortyyears.C．Nineyears.D．Ninetyyears.答案：B40.Whydidn’tMadoffhavetogoontrail?A．Headmittedhewasguilty.B．Theofficialscouldn’tfindanyevidenceagainsthim.C．Hehadfriendsingovernmentwhohelpedhim.D．Hereturnedallillegalmoney.答案：A第三篇GrossNationalHappinessInthelastcentury，newtechnologyimprovedthelivesofmanypeopleinmanycountries.However，onecountryresistedthesechanges.HighintheHimalayanmountainsofAsia，thekingdomofBhutanremainedseparate.ItspeopleandBuddhist〔佛教〕culturehadnotbeenaffectedforalmostathousandyears.Bhutan，however，wasapoorcountry.Peoplediedatayoungage.Mostofitspeoplecouldnotread，andtheydidnotknowmuchabouttheoutsideworld.Then，in1972，anewrulernamedKingJigmeSingyeWangchuckdecidedtohelpBhutantobecomemodern，butwithoutlosingitstraditions.KingWangchucklookedatothercountriesforideas.HesawthatmostcountriesmeasuredtheirprogressbytheirGrossNatonalProduct〔GNP〕。TheGNPmeasuresproductsandmoney.Whenthenumberofproductssoldincreases，peoplesaythecountryismakingprogress.KingWangchuckhadadifferentideaforBhutan.Hewantedtomeasurehiscountry’sprogressbypeople’shappiness.Ifthepeople’shappinessincreased，thekingcouldsaythatBhutanwasmakingprogress.Todecideifpeoplewerehappier，hecreatedameasurecalledGrossNationalHappiness〔GNH〕。GNHisbasedoncertainprinciplesthatcreatehappiness.Peoplearehappieriftheyhavehealthcare，education，andjobs.Theyarehappierwhentheyliveinahealthy，protectedenvironment.Theyarehappierwhentheycankeeptheirtraditionalcultureandcustoms.Finally，peoplearehappierwhentheyhaveagood，stablegovernment.NowtheseissomeevidenceofincreasedGNHinBhutan.Peoplearehealthierandarelivinglonger.Morepeopleareeducatedandemployed.Teenty-fivepercentofthelandhasbecomenationalparks，andthecountryhasalmostnopollution.TheBhutanesecontinuetoweartheirtraditionalclothingandfollowtheirancientBuddhistcustoms.Bhutanhasalsobecomeademocracy.In2024，KingWangchuckgavehispowertohisson.Althoughthecountrystillhadaking，ithelditsfirstdemocraticelectionsthatyear.Bhutanhadpoliticalpartiesandpoliticalcandidatesforthefirsttime.Finally，Bhutanhasconnectedtotherestoftheworldthroughtelevisionandinternet.Bhutanisasymbolforsocialprogress.ManycountriesarenowinterestedinBhutan’sGNH.Thesecountriesareinvestigatingtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness.Theywanttocreatenewpoliciesthattakecareoftheirpeople，cultures，andland.BrazilmaybethenestcountrytousetheprinciplesofGNH.BrazilianleadersseetheprinciplesofGNHasasourceofinspiration.Brazilisalargecountrywithadiversepopulation.IfhappinessworksasameasureofprogressinBrazil，perhapstherestoftheworldwillfollow.41.WhowasJigmeSingyeWangchuck?A.Apresident.B.ABuddhistpriest.C.Ageneral.D.Aking.42.ApartfrommodernizingBhutan,whatelsedidWangchuckwanttodoforBhutan?A.Tomakeitspopulationgrow.B.Tokeepitseparatefromtheworld.C.Toencourageitspeopletogetrich.D.Tokeepitstraditionandcustoms.43.AcountryshowsitsprogresswithGNPbyA.sellingmoreproducts.B.spendingmoremoney.C.spendinglessmoney.D.providingmorejobs.44.AccordingtoGNH,peoplearehappieriftheyA.havenewtechnology.B.canchangetheirreligion.C.haveagood,stablegovernment.D.havemoremoney.45.Today,manycountriesareA.usingtheprinciplesofGNHtomeasuretheirprogress.B.workingtogethertodevelopacommonscaletomeasureGNH.C.takingbothBhutanandBrazilassymbolsforsocialprogress.D.tryingtofindtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness.答案：41．WhowasWangchuck?答案为D.king相关句〔第一段〕：…anewrulercalledkingWangchuck…42.ApartfrommodernizationmodernizingBhuta,whatelsedidWangchuckwanttodoforBhuta?答案为D.keepitstraditionsandcustoms.相关句：WangchuckdecidedtohelpBhutantobecomemodern,butwithoutlosingitstraditions.43.AcountryshowsitsprogresswithGNPby___.答案为A.sellingmoreproducts相关句：TheGNPmeasuresproductsandmoney.Whenthenumberofproductssoldincreasespeoplesaythecountryismakingprogress.44.AccordingtoGNH,peoplearehappierifthey___.答案为C.haveagoodstablegovernment45.Todaymanycountriesare___.答案为D.tryingtofindtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness.相关句：ManycountriesareinterestedinBhutan’sGNH.Thesecountriesareinvestigatingtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness.第5局部：补全短文〔第46~50题，每题2分，共10分〕下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。VoiceYourOpinion——ChangeisNeededinYouthSportsEverywhereyoulook，youseekidsbouncingabasketballorwavingatennisracquet〔网球拍〕。Andthesekidsaregettingyoungerandyounger.Insomecountries，childrencancompeteonbasketball，baseball，andvolleyballteamsstartingatagenine.〔46〕Andswimmingandgymnasticsclassesbeginatagefour，topreparechildrenforcompetition.It’struethatafewofthesekidswilldevelopintohighlyskilledathletesandmayevenbecomemembersofthenationalOlympicteams.〔47〕Thisemphasisoncompetitioninsportsishavingseriousnegativeeffects.Childrenwhogetinvolvedincompetitivesportsatayoungageoftengrowtiredoftheirsport.Manyparentspressuretheirkidstochooseonesportanddevotealltheirtimetoit.〔48〕But66percentoftheyoungathleteswantedtoplaymorethanonesport-forfun.Anotherproblemisthepressureimposedbyover-competitiveparentsandcoaches.Childrenarenotnaturallycompetitive.Infact，arecentstudybyPauloDavidfoundthatmostchildrendon’tevenunderstandtheideaofcompetitionuntiltheyaresevenyearsold.〔49〕Thethird，andbiggest，problemforyoungathletesisthelackoftimetodotheirhomework，havefun，bewithfriends—inshort，timetobekids.Whentheyareforcedtospendeveryafternoonatsportspractice，theyoftenstarttohatetheirchosensport.Asearchersfoundthat70percentofkidswhotakepartincompetitivesportsbeforetheoftwelvequitbeforetheyturneighteen.〔50〕Excessivecompetitiveawayalltheenjoyment.Needtorememberthepurposeofyouthsports–togivekidsachancetohavedevelopingstrong，healthybodies.46题答案：B47题答案：E48题答案：A49题答案：F50题答案：CA.Surveyfoundthat79percentofparentsofyoungathleteswantedtheirchildrentoconcentrateononesports.B.Theyoungsoccerorganizationhasteamsforchildrenasyoungasfive.C.Manyofthemcompletelyloseinterestinsports.D.Sportsforchildrenhavetwoimportantpurposes.E.Butwhatabouttheothers,theaveragekids?F.Veryyoungkidsdon'tknowwhytheirparentsarepushingthemsohard?第6局部：完形填空〔第52~65题，每题1分，共15分〕下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最正确选项。【此为冲刺包中讲解的文章中的题目与答案，参考文章内容对答案】Doyoueverwishyouweremoreoptimistic,someonewhoalways(51)_______tobesuccessful?Havingsomeonearoundwhoalways(52)_______theworstisn’treallyalotof(53)_______.Weallknowsomeonewhoseesasinglecloud