Unit+4+Natural+Disasters+Discovering+useful+structures+定语从句课件【高效课堂精研】高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

RelativeClause3.复杂句（简称复句）ComplexSentence一个句子中有其他句子在该句中充当成分，则整个句子为复杂句，即句子中有句子Whathesaidisnottrue.Thestudentswouldhavemadebettergradesiftheyhadstudiedhard.语法系统构建1.简单句SimpleSentence指只包含一个主谓结构的句子Thestudentshavemadebettergradesinthepastfewyears.英语中有四种句子2.并列句CompoundSentence指两个及两个以上简单句由并列连词and,or,but，so等并列连词构成的句子Thestudentsstudiedhardandtheymadebettergrades.4.并列复杂句Compound-complexSentence并列句+复杂句Theywatchedtelevisionandenjoyedthemselves,butwecouldn’tseetheprogrambecauseourtelevisionwasbroken.

目录CONTENTS1234什么是定语从句/关系从句/形容词从句关系从句的分类关系从句的书写重难点WhatWhatHowDifficultandkeypoints复杂句（简称复句）ComplexSentence一个句子中有其他句子在该句中充当成分，则整个句子为复杂句，即句子中有句子如果将一个句子改造成名词、形容词或副词类，放到另一句中使用，就称为从属从句，另一句则为主要从句Relativeclause有关系的从句主句和从句是相对的概念；主句就是一个复杂句中主要的部分；从句就是从属于主句的部分，也就是次要的部分复杂句=主句+从句一个从句在整个句子中充当名词，则该从句为名词从句一个从句在整个句子中充当形容词，则该从句为形容词从句，也就是关系从句一个从句在整个句子中充当副词，则该从句为副词从句，也就是状语从句一.WhatisrelativeclauseDrill判断一下哪些句子中有形容词从句(定语从句/关系从句)We’llbuildapowerstationwherewaterresourcesareplentiful.Asitisraining,youhavetotakeataxi.AnybodycanexplainthiswhoknowsEnglishgrammar.Helisteningattentivelysothathemightnotmissasingleword.Myuncleisamanwhobelievesindiscipline(守纪).Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslate.Johnisnotthemanthatheusedtobe.Whetherhewilljoinuswon’tmaketoomuchdifference.Iknowthatyouareright.名词从句名词从句副词从句/状语从句副词从句/状语从句形容词从句/关系从句？副词从句/状语从句？形容词从句/关系从句形容词从句/关系从句形容词从句/关系从句形容词从句/关系从句一.WhatisrelativeclauseRelativeclause有关系的从句Functions补充解释说明指示指代揭露某种关系？二.Howtoclassify(分类)relativeclause分类需要标准Definition：关系从句是由关系词引导的从句叫关系从句关系代词：who,whom,which,whose,that,as①关系代词②关系副词关系副词：when,where,why关系代词的关系副词间有什么区别？关系代词间又还有什么区别？三.Howtowritearelativeclause书写关系从句的三个步骤：两个句子要有overlap把交叉点改写为关系词的拼法(wh-)，放置句首让它产生连接词的功能将关系从句附于主要从句的交叉点后来修饰它(当形容词使用)Themanismyuncle.Hewasherejustnow.overlap代名词关系代名词he(she,they)Whohim(her,them)Whomit(they)Whichhis(her,their,its)whosewhoThemanwhowasherejustnow

ismyuncle.有关关系代词的关系从句书写Drill将下列句子改写为关系从句Thismanismyuncle.Yousawhimjustnow.Thebuswasthelastonetoday.Thebushasjustleft.Theroomismine.Thewindowoftheroomfacessouth.BeijingisalsoaplaceBeijingwelcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife.InancientChinalivedanartistTheartist’spaintingswerealmostlifelike.Theman(whomyousawjustnow)ismyuncleThebus(whichhasjustleft)wasthelastonetoday.(Theroom’swindowfacessouth.)Theroom(whosewindowfacessouth)ismine.Beijingisalsoaplace(whichwelcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife).InancientChinalivedanartist(whosepaintingswerealmostlifelike).三.Howtowritearelativeclause关系代词间的区别+两种特殊的关系代词who,whom,which,whose+that,asWho——指人替代从句中的主语或主语Whom——指人替代从句中的宾语Whose——指人和物所有格，xxx的，=xxx’swhich——指物替代主语或宾语that——指人和物常与who或which互换，注意点较多as常见于词组和开头AnybodycanexplainthiswhoknowsEnglish.Ihavethreesisters,allofwhomaredoctors.将下列复杂句拆分为两个简单句Dr.Brownisaseniorprofessor,whose

viewsarewidelyrespected.详细见难点Asyoucansee,……Assomebodysaid,……suchasthesameas三.Howtowritearelativeclause书写关系从句的三个步骤：两个句子要有overlap把交叉点改写为关系词的拼法(wh-)，放置句首让它产生连接词的功能将关系从句附于主要从句的交叉点后来修饰它(当形容词使用)Iwillneverforgetthetime.WevisitedXi’anthen.overlapwhenIwillneverforgetthetimewhenwevisitedXi’an.副词关系副词thenwhentherewhereforareasonwhy请思考另一种改法！Iwillneverforgetthetime.WevisitedXi’anat

thattime.whichIwillneverforgetthetimeatwhichwevisitedXi’an.有关关系副词的关系从句书写将下列句子改写为关系从句(两种改法)HewasborninJune.HisfatherdiedinJune.HewasborninJune(inwhich/whenhisfatherdied).Iwentbacktothetown.Myfatherwasbornthere.Iwentbacktothetown(wheremyfatherwasborn).Ihaveforgottenthereason.Icalledyouforareason.Ihaveforgottenthereason(whyIcalledyou).We’llbuildapowerstationWaterresourcesareplentifulthere.We’llbuildapowerstation(wherewaterresourcesareplentiful).Chinafirsthadtoputasatellite(卫星)inorbitabovethemooninaspot.Itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraft(太空船)andtoEarth.ChinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspotwhereitcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.Drilland可以吗?三.Howtowritearelativeclause关系副词的延伸Wehavereacheda

point_______

achangeisneededThereare

somecases

_______

theword

“mighty”

isusedas

anadverb.Hegotintoa

situation

_______

itishardtodecide

whatisrightandwrong.Shewantsa

job

_______

hermanagementskillscanbeputtogooduse.Thisisnotan

occasion

forlaughter,

_______

youmust

takethingsseriously.

副词关系副词thenwhentherewhereforareasonwhy补充：先行词为case，condition，situation，position，point，stage，occasion等表示情况、方面、处境等抽象地点名词时，关系副词用wherewherewherewherewherewhere难点一，关系代词和关系副词的选择四.KeyanddifficultpointsReview语法回顾英语五种基本句式结构主+动主+动+宾主+动+补(主+系+表)主+动+宾+补主+动+宾+宾关系从句中，除去关系词，剩下部分缺少以上句式结构成分，那么可以说这不是一个完整的句子。在关系从句中，往往是主语或者宾语(少数情况是补语)缺少，这种情况下则需要关系代词；若不缺少成为则需要关系副词句子中有关系从句关系从句是否为完整的句子输出关系代词输出关系副词否是whowhomthatwhichthatwhoseas人，物，所有格whywherewhen原因，地点，时间关键在于关系从句中是否为完整的句子。若不是，则用关系代词；若是，则用关系副词什么是完整的句子？难点二，that和which的选择四.KeyanddifficultpointsWhatarethefunctionsofrelativeclauses?Manisananimalthatiscapableofreason.Manisananimalwhichiscapableofreason.人类是一个动物，这种动物具有理性思考的能力。人类是具有理性思考能力的动物人类是一个动物。怎么样的动物呢？噢！是一个有理性思考能力的动物。Whichoneisbetter?主句中的先行词ananimal本来可以代表任何一种动物，范围极大。后面加上一个条件：theanimaliscapableofreason(有理性能力的那种)，明确指出哪种动物才能算人，具有指示的功能。所以关系词可以选择不用which而借用that。Arelativeclauseisaclausethatisguidedbyarelativeword.that与which毫无二致吗？whichthatFunctions补充解释说明指示指代that原意就是“那个”的意思，所以that偏向“指示功能”也是很好理解的Isthereanything_____Icandoforyou.All_____Iwantispeaceandquiet.Heisthecleverestman_____evertaughtinourschool.Newtonwasoneofthegreatestmen_____everlived.Anyboy_____wantstosucceedmustworkhard.AskMr.green,oranyotherperson_____islikelytoknow.Hetalkedaboutthemanandthebooks_____interestedhim.Heisnottheman_____heusedtobe.四.Keyanddifficultpoints只用that不用which的情况难点二，that和which的选择1.有不定代词(something,anything,all…)2.有最高级3.有only,all,any,very等限定词4.先行词为人和物5.先行词作表语thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat四.Keyanddifficultpoints难点二，that和which的选择主要区别在于，前者不能用逗号隔开，后者可以用逗号隔开。实质上区别在于先行词与关系从句间的松散关系的程度。先行词与限制性关系从句间的关系较为紧密，先行词与非限制性关系从句间的关系较为松散。非限制性关系从句关系松散往往用逗号来停顿，为“补充解释说明”做准备which,

who……Definition:Arelativeclauseisaclausethatisguidedbyarelativeword.关系代词引导的关系从句关系副词引导的关系从句Review语法回顾为什么总说逗号后不能用that，往往用which；或者说非限制性关系从句有逗号？Anotherclassification:限制性关系从句非限制性关系从句请大家在思考一下，用that引导和用which引导相比，哪一个关系代词更能够体现先行词与关系从句间紧密联系呢？限制性关系从句that的指示功能更能够体现“关系紧密”that关系紧密四.Keyanddifficultpoints关系代词在从句中做宾语或补语时，可以省略关系副词when,where,why可以在thetimewhen,theplacewhere,thereasonwhy结构引导的关系从句中，在非正式语体下，通常省略when和why难点三，关系词的省略TomisnottheboyIgavetheticketsto.ThestrangerIspokeofcameagain.Heisnotthemanheusedtobe.Thenight(when)theearthdidn’tsleepIshallneverforgettheday(when)wefirstmet.Thereason(why)hecamesoearlyishisownaffair.Theway_____youanswe